{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T16:36:07Z","timestamp":1791563767842,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000074","name":"U.S. Department of Justice","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000074","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013138","name":"Office for Victims of Crime","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013138","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,18]],"date-time":"2019-09-18T06:39:35Z","timestamp":1568788775000},"page":"104189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Psychopathology among adult survivors of child pornography"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Ateret","family":"Gewirtz-Meydan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1242-9042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yael","family":"Lahav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4427-4631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Finkelhor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0005","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0010","first-page":"320","article-title":"Gender comparisons and prevalence of child abuse and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in adolescents","volume":"69","author":"Ashraf","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12785","article-title":"The German Dunkelfeld project: A pilot study to prevent child sexual abuse and the use of child abusive images","volume":"12","author":"Beier","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Journal of Sexual Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0020","first-page":"117","article-title":"Beyond Paroline: Ensuring meaningful remedies for child pornography victims at home and abroad","volume":"35","author":"Binford","year":"2015","journal-title":"Children\u2019s Legal Rights Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.68.5.748","article-title":"Meta-analysis of risk factors for post traumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults","volume":"68","author":"Brewin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(03)00033-3","article-title":"Psychological theories of posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"23","author":"Brewin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838009334456","article-title":"An ecological model of the impact of sexual assault on women\u2019s mental health","volume":"10","author":"Campbell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trauma, Violence & Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0040","series-title":"Survivor\u2019s survey","author":"Canadian Centre for Child Protection","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s40653-016-0122-z","article-title":"Gender differences in the associations among sexual abuse, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and delinquent behaviors in a sample of detained adolescents","volume":"10","author":"Chaplo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.6.4.330","article-title":"A comparison of inclusive and restrictive strategies in modern missing data procedures","volume":"6","author":"Collins","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychological Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2010.04.004","article-title":"Psychopathology in a large cohort of sexually abused children followed up to 43 years","volume":"34","author":"Cutajar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(89)90080-X","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress in sexually abused, physically abused, and nonabused children","volume":"13","author":"Deblinger","year":"1989","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2011.588188","article-title":"Healing from childhood sexual abuse: A theoretical model","volume":"20","author":"Draucker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Child Sexual Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.06.002","article-title":"Sexual assault victimization and psychopathology: A review and meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Dworkin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0075","article-title":"A validation study of the child pornography offender risk tool (CPORT)","author":"Eke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sexual Abuse"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(92)90048-V","article-title":"Sexual abuse trauma among professional women: Validating the Trauma Symptom Checklist-40 (TSC-40)","volume":"16","author":"Elliot","year":"1992","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-0025.1985.tb02703.x","article-title":"The traumatic impact of child sexual abuse: A Conceptualization","volume":"55","author":"Finkelhor","year":"1985","journal-title":"The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0090","series-title":"Empowering survivors of abuse: Health care for battered women and their children","first-page":"190","article-title":"Screening for abuse in the clinical setting","author":"Furniss","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.03.031","article-title":"The complex experience of child pornography survivors","volume":"80","author":"Gewirtz-Meydan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260511421672","article-title":"Betrayal trauma: Associations with psychological and physical symptoms in young adults","volume":"27","author":"Goldsmith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370905400908","article-title":"Prevalence of childhood sexual abuse and timing of disclosure in a representative sample of adults from Quebec","volume":"54","author":"H\u00e9bert","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.122.3.250","article-title":"Embarrassment: Its distinct form and appeasement functions","volume":"122","author":"Keltner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.113.1.164","article-title":"Impact of sexual abuse on children: A review and synthesis of recent empirical studies","volume":"113","author":"Kendall-Tackett","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000222","article-title":"Symptoms and beyond: Self-concept among sexually assaulted women","volume":"9","author":"Keshet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1080\/019261899262005","article-title":"Perpetrator-victim relationship: Long-term effects of sexual abuse for men and women","volume":"27","author":"Ketring","year":"1999","journal-title":"The American Journal of Family Therapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015471","article-title":"Guilt and effortful control: Two mechanisms that prevent disruptive developmental trajectories","volume":"97","author":"Kochanska","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.8.4.428","article-title":"Development and validation of the trauma-related guilt inventory (TRGI)","volume":"8","author":"Kubany","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199903000-00004","article-title":"Long-term effects of childhood sexual Abuse: Objective and subjective characteristics of the abuse and psychopathology in later life","volume":"187","author":"Lange","year":"1999","journal-title":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-8971.11.1.194","article-title":"Disclosure of child sexual abuse: What does the research tell us about the ways that children tell?","volume":"11","author":"London","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychology Public Policy and Law"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1177\/1557085106296583","article-title":"Age and educational differences in African American women\u2019s sexual assault experiences","volume":"2","author":"Long","year":"2007","journal-title":"Feminist Criminology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007542911767","article-title":"Relationship to perpetrator and posttraumatic symptomatology among sexual abuse survivors","volume":"15","author":"Lucenko","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Family Violence"},{"issue":"May","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0160","article-title":"A scoping review of adult survivors\u2019 experiences of shame following sexual abuse in childhood","author":"MacGinley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health & Social Care in the Community"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1080\/0145935X.2015.1092832","article-title":"Conceptualizing the harms done to children made the subjects of sexual abuse images online","volume":"36","author":"Martin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child & Youth Services"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1080\/0145935X.2015.1092828","article-title":"Child sexual abuse images online: Confronting the problem","volume":"36","author":"Martin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child & Youth Services"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1080\/0145935X.2014.924334","article-title":"\u201cIt\u2019s just an image, right?\u201d: Practitioners\u2019 understanding of child sexual abuse images online and effects on victims","volume":"35","author":"Martin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child & Youth Services"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2013.781091","article-title":"Sexual abuse images in cyberspace: Expanding the ecology of the child","volume":"22","author":"Martin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Child Sexual Abuse"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(02)80017-X","article-title":"The role of emotion in the psychological functioning of adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse","volume":"33","author":"Marx","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21989","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress symptom trajectories among children exposed to violence","volume":"28","author":"Miller-raff","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.91.5.753","article-title":"Child sexual abuse and subsequent psychopathology: Results from the national comorbidity survey","volume":"91","author":"Molnar","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2018.1425943","article-title":"Children\u2019s disclosure of sexual abuse: A systematic review of qualitative research exploring barriers and facilitators","volume":"27","author":"Morrison","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Child Sexual Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0205","series-title":"Violence against children in cyberspace","author":"Muir","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-015-0749-6","article-title":"Lack of guilt, guilt, and shame: A multi-informant study on the relations between self-conscious emotions and psychopathology in clinically referred children and adolescents","volume":"25","author":"Muris","year":"2016","journal-title":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0215","series-title":"National initiatives","author":"National Children\u2019s Alliance","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0220","series-title":"Child Pornography-Victims, victimizers, and victimization: A selected bibliography","author":"National Children\u2019s Advocacy Center","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063210382043","article-title":"Predictors of child pornography offenses and child sexual abuse in a community sample of pedophiles and hebephiles","volume":"23","author":"Neutze","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sexual Abuse"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20440","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress symptom trajectories in children living in families reported for family violence","volume":"22","author":"Nugent","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.2005.24.7.1003","article-title":"Experiential avoidance and forgiveness as mediators in the relation between traumatic interpersonal events and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms","volume":"24","author":"Orcutt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0240","first-page":"1","article-title":"To know or not to know: should crimes regarding photographs of their child sexual abuse be disclosed to now-adult, unknowing victims?","author":"Ost","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Review of Victimology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-139X(03)00274-X","article-title":"Violence perpetration across peer and partner relationships: Co-occurrence and longitudinal patterns among adolescents","volume":"34","author":"Ozer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(01)00091-5","article-title":"Factors influencing children to self-disclose sexual abuse","volume":"22","author":"Paine","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0255","series-title":"Viewing child pornography on the internet: Understanding the offence, managing the offender, helping the victim","first-page":"61","article-title":"Behind the screen: Children who are subject of abusive images","author":"Palmer","year":"2005"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2004.04.011","article-title":"A preliminary test of the role of experiential avoidance in post-event functioning","volume":"35","author":"Plumb","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1891\/vivi.19.1.109.33238","article-title":"Experiential avoidance as a mediator of the effects of adolescent sexual victimization on negative adult outcomes","volume":"19","author":"Polusny","year":"2004","journal-title":"Violence and Victims"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1080\/01639620290086413","article-title":"Child pornography and the internet: Perpetuating a cycle of abuse","volume":"23","author":"Quayle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Deviant Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2005.02.005","article-title":"Sex offenders, internet child abuse images and emotional avoidance: The importance of values","volume":"11","author":"Quayle","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aggression and Violent Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1300\/J135v06n01_04","article-title":"Experiential avoidance as a mediator in the relationship between childhood psychological abuse and current mental health symptoms in college students","volume":"6","author":"Reddy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Emotional Abuse"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1300\/J070v14n04_02","article-title":"Chronic avoidance helps explain the relationship between severity of childhood sexual abuse and psychological distress in adulthood","volume":"14","author":"Rosental","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Child Sexual Abuse"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.41.7.813","article-title":"Approach, avoidance, and coping with stress","volume":"41","author":"Roth","year":"1986","journal-title":"The American Psychologist"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(00)00144-7","article-title":"Sexual abuse characteristics associated with survivor psychopathology","volume":"24","author":"Ruggiero","year":"2000","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0300","first-page":"1","article-title":"Indirect effects from childhood sexual abuse severity to PTSD: The role of avoidance coping","author":"Safren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3486","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260512445380","article-title":"Disclosure of child sexual abuse by adolescents: A qualitative in-depth study","volume":"27","author":"Sch\u00f6nbucher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1037\/lhb0000240","article-title":"Correlates of admitted sexual interest in children among individuals convicted of child pornography offenses","volume":"41","author":"Seto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Law and Human Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.015","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators affecting self-disclosure among male survivors of child sexual abuse: The service providers\u2019 perspective","volume":"88","author":"Sivagurunathan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"May","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.03.002","article-title":"Posttraumatic symptom profiles among adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse: A longitudinal study","volume":"67","author":"Steine","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1080\/08900523.2014.917976","article-title":"The dark side of the online self: A pragmatist critique of the growing plague of revenge porn","volume":"29","author":"Stroud","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Mass Media Ethics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.70.6.1256","article-title":"Are shame, guilt, and embarrassment distinct emotions?","volume":"70","author":"Tangney","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0335","series-title":"Improving the response to victims of child pornography","author":"The National Center for Victims of Crime","year":"2014"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.94.4.599","article-title":"Gender differences in long-term health consequences of physical abuse of children: Data from a nationally representative survey","volume":"94","author":"Thompson","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559509349444","article-title":"The effects of adolescent victimization on self-concept and depressive symptoms","volume":"15","author":"Turner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1300\/J070v16n01_02","article-title":"Relationship to perpetrator, disclosure, social reactions, and PTSD symptoms in child sexual abuse survivors","volume":"16","author":"Ullman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Child Sexual Abuse"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1521\/suli.32.2.117.24398","article-title":"Sexual assault history and suicidal behavior in a national sample of women","volume":"32","author":"Ullman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Suicide & Life-threatening Behavior"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2005.01.005","article-title":"Gender differences in social reactions to abuse disclosures, post-abuse coping, and PTSD of child sexual abuse survivors","volume":"29","author":"Ullman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2005.04.002","article-title":"Correlates of comorbid PTSD and drinking problems among sexual assault survivors","volume":"31","author":"Ullman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/13552600.2017.1318963","article-title":"The associations between abuse characteristics in child sexual abuse: A meta-analysis","author":"Ventus","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Journal of Sexual Aggression"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1080\/13552601003759990","article-title":"Care and treatment of child victims of child pornographic exploitation (CPE) in Germany","volume":"16","author":"Von Weiler","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Journal of Sexual Aggression"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-003-0039-z","article-title":"Gender differences in the prevalence of childhood sexual abuse and in the development of pediatric PTSD","volume":"7","author":"Walker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Archives of Women\u2019s Mental Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2009.06.009","article-title":"Adult coping with childhood sexual abuse: A theoretical and empirical review","volume":"15","author":"Walsh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aggression and Violent Behavior"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2007.09.003","article-title":"Shame, guilt, symptoms of depression, and reported history of psychological maltreatment","volume":"31","author":"Webb","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s40653-017-0144-1","article-title":"Child sexual abuse, military sexual trauma, and psychological distress among male military personnel and veterans","volume":"10","author":"Wolfe-Clark","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213419303667?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213419303667?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T01:10:51Z","timestamp":1758935451000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213419303667"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"references-count":79,"alternative-id":["S0145213419303667"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Psychopathology among adult survivors of child pornography","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104189"}}