{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T23:47:19Z","timestamp":1788997639048,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005960","name":"German Red Cross","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005960","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,12]],"date-time":"2019-11-12T22:41:14Z","timestamp":1573598474000},"page":"104248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Childhood maltreatment compromises resilience against occupational trauma exposure: A retrospective study among emergency medical service personnel"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4128-9627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Behnke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Karabatsiakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris-Tatjana","family":"Kolassa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6712.2005.00333.x","article-title":"Work-related psychosocial factors, worry about work conditions and health complaints among female and male ambulance personnel","volume":"19","author":"Aasa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.02305","article-title":"Deconstructing traumatic mission experiences: Identifying critical incidents and their relevance for the mental and physical health among emergency medical service personnel","volume":"10","author":"Behnke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715001981","article-title":"The epidemiology of traumatic event exposure worldwide: Results from the World Mental Health Survey Consortium","volume":"46","author":"Benjet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-011-0408-2","article-title":"Rescuers at risk: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis of the worldwide current prevalence and correlates of PTSD in rescue workers","volume":"47","author":"Berger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)00933-1","article-title":"A second look at comorbidity in victims of trauma: The posttraumatic stress disorder-major depression connection","volume":"48","author":"Breslau","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0030","series-title":"Emotionsregulation in der Arbeit am Beispiel Rettungsdienst (iga.Report No. 37)","author":"Buruck","year":"2018"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1037\/ocp0000023","article-title":"Enhancing well-being at work: The role of emotion regulation skills as personal resources","volume":"21","author":"Buruck","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Occupational Health Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.03.019","article-title":"Childhood adversity and combat as predictors of depression and post-traumatic stress in deployed troops","volume":"33","author":"Cabrera","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.12.013","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and the risk of depressive disorders in adulthood","volume":"82","author":"Chapman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2015.11.006","article-title":"Exploring the nature of resilience in paramedic practice: A psycho-social study","volume":"28","author":"Clompus","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Emergency Nursing"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2015.01.015","article-title":"Patterns of somatic distress among conflict-affected persons in the Republic of Georgia","volume":"78","author":"Comellas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1080\/14639220210158880","article-title":"Factors influencing health of workers and tolerance to shift work","volume":"4","author":"Costa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-019-0311-2","article-title":"Mental health and mindfulness amongst Australian fire fighters","volume":"7","author":"Counson","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Psychology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.015","article-title":"Emotion dysregulation as a mediator between childhood emotional abuse and current depression in a low-income African-American sample","volume":"38","author":"Crow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20609","article-title":"Frequency of and subjective response to critical incidents in the prediction of PTSD in emergency personnel","volume":"24","author":"Declercq","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/1534765613496646","article-title":"Development of a critical incident stress inventory for the emergency medical services","volume":"20","author":"Donnelly","year":"2014","journal-title":"Traumatology: An International Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrmr.2017.03.004","article-title":"Mindfulness-based training interventions for employees: A qualitative review of the literature","volume":"29","author":"Eby","year":"2019","journal-title":"Human Resource Management Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0090","first-page":"245","article-title":"Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) study","volume":"14","author":"Felitti","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Political Challenge: Commitment and Cooperation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2017.05.013","article-title":"Robust statistical methods: A primer for clinical psychology and experimental psychopathology researchers","volume":"98","author":"Field","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0100","article-title":"Trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder and the effect of explanatory variables in paramedic trainees","volume":"14","author":"Fjeldheim","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Emergency Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.8.1370","article-title":"Acute stress disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depression in disaster or rescue workers","volume":"161","author":"Fullerton","year":"2004","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2744","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02744","article-title":"Emotion regulation in rescue workers: Differential relationship with perceived work-related stress and stress-related symptoms","volume":"9","author":"G\u00e4rtner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1007\/s13753-018-0184-7","article-title":"Psychological outcomes in disaster responders: A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of social support","volume":"9","author":"Guilaran","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Disaster Risk Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0120","first-page":"403","article-title":"PTBS und komorbide Beschwerden bei Rettungssanit\u00e4tern","volume":"30","author":"H\u00e4ller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Verhaltenstherapie Und Verhaltensmedizin"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1080\/02678370903057317","article-title":"What makes an incident critical for ambulance workers? Emotional outcomes and implications for intervention","volume":"23","author":"Halpern","year":"2009","journal-title":"Work and Stress"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.1401","article-title":"Attachment insecurity, responses to critical incident distress, and current emotional symptoms in ambulance workers: Insecure attachment and critical incidents","volume":"28","author":"Halpern","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stress and Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0135","article-title":"The critical incident inventory: Characteristics of incidents which affect emergency medical technicians and paramedics","volume":"12","author":"Halpern","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Emergency Medicine"},{"issue":"003","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0140","article-title":"Childhood maltreatment trauma: Relevance for adult physical and emotional health. A review","volume":"1","author":"Hamilton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trauma Cases and Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.03.050","article-title":"Emotion regulation mediates the effect of childhood trauma on depression","volume":"198","author":"Hopfinger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2009.01491.x","article-title":"Childhood life events and childhood trauma in adult patients with depressive, anxiety and comorbid disorders vs. controls: Childhood trauma and adult psychopathology","volume":"122","author":"Hovens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0155","series-title":"Doctoral dissertation","article-title":"The role of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) in clinical disorders: A new assessment tool and evaluation of links with borderline personality symptoms","author":"Isele","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0160","series-title":"Narrative exposure therapy (NET): A short-term treatment for traumatic stress disorders","article-title":"Belastende Kindheitserfahrungen (KERF-20-I) \u2013 Eine komprimierte Interviewversion","author":"Isele","year":"2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1026\/1616-3443\/a000257","article-title":"KERF\u2013Ein Instrument zur umfassenden Ermittlung belastender Kindheitserfahrungen: Erstellung und psychometrische Beurteilung der deutschsprachigen MACE (Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure Scale)","volume":"43","author":"Isele","year":"2014","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-017-0713-2","article-title":"Role of resilience in mindfulness training for first responders","volume":"8","author":"Kaplan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mindfulness"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019362","article-title":"Spontaneous remission from PTSD depends on the number of traumatic event types experienced","volume":"2","author":"Kolassa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.009","article-title":"The risk of posttraumatic stress disorder after trauma depends on traumatic load and the Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Val158Met polymorphism","volume":"67","author":"Kolassa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-017-1541-6","article-title":"The German version of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): Psychometric properties and diagnostic utility","volume":"17","author":"Kr\u00fcger-Gottschalk","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1521\/psyc.67.3.264.48986","article-title":"Mental health effects of adolescent trauma exposure in a female college sample: Exploring differential outcomes based on experiences of unique trauma types and dimensions","volume":"67","author":"Krupnick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702615577783","article-title":"Emotion regulatory flexibility sheds light on the elusive relationship between repeated traumatic exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms","volume":"4","author":"Levy-Gigi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clinical Psychological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715002743","article-title":"Maltreatment in childhood substantially increases the risk of adult depression and anxiety in prospective cohort studies: Systematic review, meta-analysis, and proportional attributable fractions","volume":"46","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0205","series-title":"LimeSurvey: An open source survey tool (Version v2.05+)","author":"LimeSurvey GmbH","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0210","series-title":"Komplettversion und Kurzform. Testmappe mit Manual, Frageb\u00f6gen, Schablonen","article-title":"Gesundheitsfragebogen f\u00fcr Patienten (PHQ D)","author":"L\u00f6we","year":"2002"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1037\/trm0000096","article-title":"Toward a mechanism for secondary trauma induction and reduction: Reimagining a theory of secondary traumatic stress","volume":"23","author":"Ludick","year":"2017","journal-title":"Traumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.9.1467","article-title":"Comorbidity, impairment, and suicidality in subthreshold PTSD","volume":"158","author":"Marshall","year":"2001","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2010.099838","article-title":"Symptoms and responses to critical incidents in paramedics who have experienced childhood abuse and neglect","volume":"29","author":"Maunder","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emergency Medicine Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2009.04.008","article-title":"The prevalence of childhood adversity among healthcare workers and its relationship to adult life events, distress and impairment","volume":"34","author":"Maunder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291709992121","article-title":"Childhood adversity, adult stressful life events, and risk of past-year psychiatric disorder: A test of the stress sensitization hypothesis in a population-based sample of adults","volume":"40","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.173.6.482","article-title":"Dose-effect relationships of trauma to symptoms of depression and post- traumatic stress disorder among Cambodian survivors of mass violence","volume":"173","author":"Mollica","year":"1998","journal-title":"The British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyn375","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress reactions among Rwandan children and adolescents in the early aftermath of genocide","volume":"38","author":"Neugebauer","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-4-34","article-title":"Psychological trauma and evidence for enhanced vulnerability for posttraumatic stress disorder through previous trauma among West Nile refugees","volume":"4","author":"Neuner","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.04.006","article-title":"Activation of the kynurenine pathway and mitochondrial respiration to face allostatic load in a double-hit model of stress","volume":"107","author":"Nold","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.20404","article-title":"An application of the social support deterioration deterrence model to rescue workers","volume":"38","author":"Prati","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Community Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.20371","article-title":"The relation of perceived and received social support to mental health among first responders: A meta-analytic review","volume":"38","author":"Prati","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Community Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1037\/0002-9432.72.4.505","article-title":"Exposure to human tragedy, empathy, and trauma in ambulance paramedics","volume":"72","author":"Regehr","year":"2002","journal-title":"The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0275","series-title":"Doctoral dissertation","article-title":"Stressbelastung und Stressbew\u00e4ltigung bei haupt- und ehrenamtlichen Einsatzkr\u00e4ften in Rheinland-Pfalz","author":"Richter","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0280","series-title":"Mass: Modern Applied Statistics with S (Version 7.3-48) [R package]","author":"Ripley","year":"2017"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2007.04.008","article-title":"Emergency Medical Service (EMS) systems in developed and developing countries","volume":"38","author":"Roudsari","year":"2007","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0290","series-title":"Clinician-administered PTSD scale for DSM-5","author":"Schnyder","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0295","series-title":"Diploma thesis","article-title":"Berufliche Belastung und ihre psychischen Folgen bei Einsatzkr\u00e4ften im Rettungsdienst","author":"Schoch","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0300","series-title":"Psychische Gesundheit in der Arbeitswelt\u2014Traumatische Belastungen (No. Projekt F 2353; p. 49)","author":"Sch\u00f6llgen","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06617.x","article-title":"Biological memory of childhood maltreatment: Current knowledge and recommendations for future research","volume":"1262","author":"Schury","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1037\/trm0000072","article-title":"The role of affective commitment and perceived social support in protecting emergency workers against burnout and vicarious traumatization","volume":"22","author":"Setti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Traumatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/ajpy.12120","article-title":"Trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder within fire and emergency services in Western Australia","volume":"69","author":"Skeffington","year":"2017","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1891\/jcop.16.4.405.52529","article-title":"Who becomes a depressive ruminator? Developmental antecedents of ruminative response style","volume":"16","author":"Spasojevi\u0107","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2016.07.005","article-title":"Childhood emotional maltreatment and mental disorders: Results from a nationally representative adult sample from the United States","volume":"59","author":"Taillieu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0330","first-page":"65","article-title":"Traumaexposition und posttraumatische Belastungsst\u00f6rungen bei dem Personal von Rettungsdiensten","volume":"21","author":"Teegen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Verhaltenstherapie Und Verhaltensmedizin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117423","article-title":"The \u201cMaltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure\u201d (MACE) scale for the retrospective assessment of abuse and neglect during development","volume":"10","author":"Teicher","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.01.018","article-title":"The relationship between childhood sexual abuse and mental health outcomes among males: Results from a nationally representative United States sample","volume":"66","author":"Turner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i40","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.60.suppl_1.i40","article-title":"Acute and chronic job stressors among ambulance personnel: Predictors of health symptoms","volume":"60","author":"Van Der Ploeg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2008.11.010","article-title":"A prospective study of predictors of depression symptoms in police","volume":"175","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.05.002","article-title":"Does adult attachment style mediate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and mental and physical health outcomes?","volume":"76","author":"Widom","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2571","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291716000532","article-title":"A prospective study of pre-trauma risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder and depression","volume":"46","author":"Wild","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248_bib0365","series-title":"Strukturiertes klinisches Interview f\u00fcr DSM-IV: SKID Achse I und II: Handanweisung","author":"Wittchen","year":"1997"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213419304259?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213419304259?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T01:11:03Z","timestamp":1758935463000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213419304259"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":73,"alternative-id":["S0145213419304259"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Childhood maltreatment compromises resilience against occupational trauma exposure: A retrospective study among emergency medical service personnel","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104248","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104248"}}