{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T22:17:57Z","timestamp":1793312277875,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse &amp; Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]],"date-time":"2019-11-22T19:29:34Z","timestamp":1574450974000},"page":"104254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The relationship between childhood adversity and adult personality revealed by network analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Jessica E.M.C.","family":"Schouw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robbert J.","family":"Verkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aart H.","family":"Schene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnt F.A.","family":"Schellekens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2017.05.002","article-title":"Relations among adults\u2019 remembrances of parental acceptance-rejection in childhood, self-reported psychological adjustment, and adult psychopathology","volume":"77","author":"Akun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20195","article-title":"Personality characteristics of adult survivors of childhood trauma","volume":"20","author":"Allen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(98)00152-1","article-title":"Assumptions in borderline personality disorder: Specificity, stability and relationship with etiological factors","volume":"37","author":"Arntz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.0097","article-title":"Agreement between prospective and retrospective measures of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Baldwin","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.8.1132","article-title":"Initial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect","volume":"151","author":"Bernstein","year":"1994","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(02)00541-0","article-title":"Development and validation of a brief screening version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire","volume":"27","author":"Bernstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2004.03286.x","article-title":"Influence of early postnatal rearing conditions on mesocorticolimbic dopamine and behavioural responses to psychostimulants and stressors in adult rats","volume":"19","author":"Brake","year":"2004","journal-title":"The European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0040","series-title":"Swedish normative data on personality using the Temperament and Character Inventory","author":"Br\u00e4ndstr\u00f6m","year":"1998"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.1995.tb00806.x","article-title":"Life after trauma: Personality and daily life experiences of traumatized people","volume":"63","author":"Bunce","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Personality"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-019-0121-9","article-title":"How the epigenome integrates information and reshapes the synapse","volume":"20","author":"Campbell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5582","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1072290","article-title":"Role of genotype in the cycle of violence in maltreated children","volume":"297","author":"Caspi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5631","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1083968","article-title":"Influence of life stress on depression: Moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene","volume":"301","author":"Caspi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/asn034","article-title":"Extended bayesian information criteria for model selection with large model spaces","volume":"95","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0070","series-title":"The development of psychiatry and its complexity","first-page":"1","article-title":"A psychobiological model of temperament and character","author":"Cloninger","year":"1998"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1993.01820240059008","article-title":"A psychobiological model of temperament and character","volume":"50","author":"Cloninger","year":"1993","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e3182848ac4","article-title":"How do different types of childhood maltreatment relate to adult personality pathology?","volume":"201","author":"Cohen","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000281","article-title":"Dynamic associations between borderline personality disorder and stressful life events over five years in older adults","volume":"9","author":"Conway","year":"2018","journal-title":"Personality Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2014.07.003","article-title":"State of the aRt personality research: A tutorial on network analysis of personality data in R","volume":"54","author":"Costantini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Personality"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1996.78.1.147","article-title":"Reliability of retrospective reports of perceived maternal acceptance-rejection in childhood","volume":"78","author":"Cournoyer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychological Reports"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1002\/per.1866","article-title":"Dimensions of normal personality as networks in search of equilibrium: You can\u2019t like parties if you don\u2019t like people","volume":"26","author":"Cramer","year":"2012","journal-title":"European Journal of Personality"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0105","first-page":"111","article-title":"Neurobiological development in the context of childhood trauma","volume":"24","author":"Cross","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.10.013","article-title":"Childhood trauma is associated with maladaptive personality traits","volume":"44","author":"de Carvalho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0115","series-title":"Temperament, character, and personality disorders","author":"de la Rie","year":"1998"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.01.008","article-title":"The interrelatedness of multiple forms of childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction","volume":"28","author":"Dong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.8.1453","article-title":"Relationship between multiple forms of childhood maltreatment and adult mental health in community respondents: Results from the adverse childhood experiences study","volume":"160","author":"Edwards","year":"2003","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i04","article-title":"Qgraph: Network visualizations of relationships in psychometric data","volume":"48","author":"Epskamp","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000167","article-title":"A tutorial on regularized partial correlation networks","author":"Epskamp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychological Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1007\/s11336-017-9557-x","article-title":"Generalized network psychometrics: Combining network and latent variable models","volume":"82","author":"Epskamp","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702617744325","article-title":"Personalized network modeling in psychopathology: The importance of contemporaneous and temporal connections","volume":"6","author":"Epskamp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical Psychological Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.344","article-title":"Childhood abuse and deprivation are associated with distinct sex-dependent differences in brain morphology","volume":"41","author":"Everaerd","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0155","article-title":"Extended Bayesian information criteria for Gaussian graphical models","volume":"Volume 1","author":"Foygel","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0160","series-title":"Sparse inverse covariance estimation with the graphical lasso","author":"Friedman","year":"2008"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.4380211102","article-title":"Graph drawing by force-directed placement","volume":"21","author":"Fruchterman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Software-Practice & Experience"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.12740\/PP\/60346","article-title":"Personality traits in alcohol-dependent individuals in the context of childhood abuse","volume":"50","author":"Gerhant","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatria Polska"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2005.05.003","article-title":"World assumptions and the role of trauma in borderline personality disorder","volume":"36","author":"Giesen-Bloo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1177\/1069397111403111","article-title":"Tests of factor structure and measurement invariance in the United States and Australia using the adult version of the parental acceptance-rejection questionnaire","volume":"45","author":"Gomez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cross-Cultural Research"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.11.007","article-title":"Validation and normative studies of the Brazilian Portuguese and American versions of the Temperament and Character Inventory - revised (TCI-R)","volume":"124","author":"Goncalves","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0190","series-title":"Test-retest reliability of the Temperament and Character Inventory in patients with opiate dependence","author":"Gourion","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0195","series-title":"Psychometric properties of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) questionnaire in a Spanish psychiatric population","author":"Gutierrez","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0200","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deconstructing trait anxiety: A network perspective","author":"Heeren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anxiety, Stress, and Coping"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.12070950","article-title":"Decreased cortical representation of genital somatosensory field after childhood sexual abuse","volume":"170","author":"Heim","year":"2013","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi_2014_28_143","article-title":"Association between childhood maltreatment and normal adult personality traits: Exploration of an understudied field","volume":"29","author":"Hengartner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Personality Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbw055","article-title":"A network approach to psychosis: Pathways between childhood trauma and psychotic symptoms","volume":"43","author":"Isvoranu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711000225","article-title":"A longitudinal etiologic model for symptoms of anxiety and depression in women","volume":"41","author":"Kendler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170400265X","article-title":"Childhood sexual abuse, stressful life events and risk for major depression in women","volume":"34","author":"Kendler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0230","volume":"Vol. 33","author":"Khaleque","year":"2002"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1177\/1088868311418986","article-title":"Transnational relations between perceived parental acceptance and personality dispositions of children and adults: A meta-analytic review","volume":"16","author":"Khaleque","year":"2012","journal-title":"Personality and Social Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0240","series-title":"Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the temperament and character inventory","author":"Kijima","year":"2000"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1111\/cfs.12268","article-title":"Patterns and correlates of co-occurrence among multiple types of child maltreatment","volume":"22","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child & Family Social Work"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13140","article-title":"Early adverse experience and substance addiction: Dopamine, oxytocin, and glucocorticoid pathways","volume":"1394","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2008.09.007","article-title":"Normative data and factorial structure of the Turkish version of the Temperament and Character Inventory","volume":"50","author":"Kose","year":"2009","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2005.12.003","article-title":"Memory of childhood trauma before and after long-term psychological treatment of borderline personality disorder","volume":"38","author":"Kremers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2014.140","article-title":"Early-life experience, epigenetics, and the developing brain","volume":"40","author":"Kundakovic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.009","article-title":"Childhood abuse, personality traits, and depressive symptoms in adulthood","volume":"65","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.10131","article-title":"Complete maternal deprivation affects social, but not spatial, learning in adult rats","volume":"43","author":"L\u00e9vy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Developmental Psychobiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.2224\/sbp.2007.35.1.115","article-title":"Perceived paternal and maternal acceptance and children\u2019s outcomes in Colombia","volume":"35","author":"Lila","year":"2007","journal-title":"Social Behavior and Personality an International Journal"},{"issue":"5332","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5332.1659","article-title":"Maternal care, hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses to stress","volume":"277","author":"Liu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2010.24.3.285","article-title":"Disentangling the relationship between different types of childhood maltreatment and personality disorders","volume":"24","author":"Lobbestael","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Personality Disorders"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2009.03.002","article-title":"Development and psychometric evaluation of a new assessment method for childhood maltreatment experiences: The interview for traumatic events in childhood (ITEC)","volume":"33","author":"Lobbestael","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0300","series-title":"The interview for traumatic events in childhood","author":"Lobbestael","year":"2006"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2005.05.006","article-title":"Schema modes and childhood abuse in borderline and antisocial personality disorders","volume":"36","author":"Lobbestael","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/604684","article-title":"Effects of temperament and character profiles on state and trait depression and anxiety: A prospective study of a Japanese youth population","volume":"2012","author":"Lu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Depression Research and Treatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.093008.100507","article-title":"Personality development: Continuity and change over the life course","volume":"61","author":"McAdams","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.10.012","article-title":"Childhood adversity and neural development: Deprivation and threat as distinct dimensions of early experience","volume":"47","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"sup3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2017.1341276","article-title":"A Bayesian network analysis of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in adults reporting childhood sexual abuse","volume":"8","author":"McNally","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2005.7.2\/mmeaney","article-title":"Environmental programming of stress responses through DNA methylation: Life at the interface between a dynamic environment and a fixed genome","volume":"7","author":"Meaney","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-1071-7","article-title":"Gender moderates the relationship between childhood abuse and internalizing and substance use disorders later in life: A cross-sectional analysis","volume":"16","author":"Meng","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-015-0305-5","article-title":"Parental acceptance-rejection and adolescent maladjustment: Mothers\u2019 and fathers\u2019 combined roles","volume":"25","author":"Miranda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Family Studies"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291710001789","article-title":"Childhood sexual abuse and abnormal personality: A population-based study","volume":"41","author":"Moran","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2017.09.020","article-title":"Measuring childhood maltreatment to predict early-adult psychopathology: Comparison of prospective informant-reports and retrospective self-reports","volume":"96","author":"Newbury","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"issue":"9969","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61283-6","article-title":"Personality disorder across the life course","volume":"385","author":"Newton-Howes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socnet.2010.03.006","article-title":"Node centrality in weighted networks: Generalizing degree and shortest paths","volume":"32","author":"Opsahl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Social Networks"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0365","series-title":"Normative data and factor structure of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) in the French version","author":"Pelissolo","year":"2000"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2005.00551.x","article-title":"The Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R): Psychometric characteristics of the French version","volume":"112","author":"Pelissolo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000186","article-title":"Childhood trauma, temperament, and character in subjects with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder","volume":"202","author":"Perna","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(03)00217-4","article-title":"The role of personality in childhood sexual abuse","volume":"36","author":"Pickering","year":"2004","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12366","article-title":"Perceived mother and father acceptance-rejection predict four unique aspects of child adjustment across nine countries","volume":"56","author":"Putnick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.20495","article-title":"Self-reported early trauma as a predictor of adult personality: A study in a military sample","volume":"64","author":"Rademaker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167216647360","article-title":"Directionality of person-situation transactions: Are there spillovers among and between situation experiences and personality states?","volume":"42","author":"Rauthmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2013.01.040","article-title":"Early maternal deprivation-induced modifications in the neurobiological, neurochemical and behavioral profile of adult rats","volume":"244","author":"Rentesi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behavioural Brain Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499709551891","article-title":"A meta-analytic review of findings from national samples on psychological correlates of child sexual abuse","volume":"34","author":"Rind","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Sex Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.124.1.22","article-title":"A meta-analytic examination of assumed properties of child sexual abuse using college samples","volume":"124","author":"Rind","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2013.09.004","article-title":"Parental antipathy and neglect: Relations with Big five personality traits, cross-context trait variability and authenticity","volume":"56","author":"Robinson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0420","volume":"Vol. 8","author":"Rohner","year":"1978"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291702006566","article-title":"Childhood trauma and neuroticism as an adult: Possible implication for the development of the common psychiatric disorders and suicidal behaviour","volume":"32","author":"Roy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2013.08.006","article-title":"Co-morbid anxiety disorders predict early relapse after inpatient alcohol treatment","volume":"30","author":"Schellekens","year":"2015","journal-title":"European Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1335","article-title":"Reduced dopamine receptor sensitivity as an intermediate phenotype in alcohol dependence and the role of the COMT Val158Met and DRD2 Taq1A genotypes","volume":"69","author":"Schellekens","year":"2012","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2012.00438.x","article-title":"COMT Val158Met modulates the effect of childhood adverse experiences on the risk of alcohol dependence","volume":"18","author":"Schellekens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Addiction Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-7-30","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and mental health in young adults: A longitudinal survey","volume":"7","author":"Schilling","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0450","volume":"Vol. 16","author":"Senese","year":"2016"},{"issue":"Suppl. 20","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0455","first-page":"22","article-title":"The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): The development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10","volume":"59","author":"Sheehan","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1177\/0192513X06294593","article-title":"Linking mother\u2013father differences in parenting to a typology of family parenting styles and adolescent outcomes","volume":"28","author":"Simons","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Family Issues"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.11.017","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences: Prevalence and related factors in adolescents of a Brazilian birth cohort","volume":"51","author":"Soares","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.11.036","article-title":"Childhood maltreatment, maladaptive personality types and level and course of psychological distress: A six-year longitudinal study","volume":"191","author":"Spinhoven","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025905","article-title":"Integrating competing dimensional models of personality: Linking the SNAP, TCI, and NEO using item response theory","volume":"3","author":"Stepp","year":"2012","journal-title":"Personality Disorders"},{"issue":"May-Jun (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1053\/comp.2002.30794","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Korean version of the temperament and character","volume":"43","author":"Sung","year":"2002","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0485","first-page":"153","article-title":"Epigenetic perspective on behavior development, personality, and personality disorders","volume":"22","author":"Svrakic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychiatria Danubina"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117423","article-title":"The\u2019 Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure\u2019 (MACE) scale for the retrospective assessment of abuse and neglect during development","volume":"10","author":"Teicher","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12507","article-title":"Annual Research Review: Enduring neurobiological effects of childhood abuse and neglect","volume":"57","author":"Teicher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2009.03.006","article-title":"Effects of neonatal handling on social memory, social interaction, and number of oxytocin and vasopressin neurons in rats","volume":"56","author":"Todeschin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hormones and Behavior"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.1792","article-title":"Assessment of the harmful psychiatric and behavioral effects of different forms of child maltreatment","volume":"72","author":"Vachon","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2017.00087","article-title":"Modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by early life stress exposure","volume":"11","author":"van Bodegom","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0515","first-page":"393","article-title":"The MINI-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. A brief structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV en ICD-10 psychiatric disorders","volume":"49","author":"van Vliet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tijdschrift Voor Psychiatrie"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2007.02.008","article-title":"Opposite effects of maternal separation on intermale and maternal aggression in C57BL\/6 mice: Link to hypothalamic vasopressin and oxytocin immunoreactivity","volume":"32","author":"Veenema","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2000.00123.x","article-title":"Perceived paternal and maternal acceptance and rural African American and European American youths\u2019 psychological adjustment","volume":"62","author":"Veneziano","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Marriage and the Family"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2011.00178","article-title":"Gender differences in personality across the ten aspects of the big five","volume":"2","author":"Weisberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254_bib0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.12.077","article-title":"A meta-analysis of temperament and character dimensions in patients with mood disorders: Comparison to healthy controls and unaffected siblings","volume":"194","author":"Zaninotto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse &amp; Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213419304314?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213419304314?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T01:12:38Z","timestamp":1758935558000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213419304314"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":107,"alternative-id":["S0145213419304314"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The relationship between childhood adversity and adult personality revealed by network analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104254","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104254"}}