{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T19:18:00Z","timestamp":1784402280673,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,28]],"date-time":"2019-11-28T23:22:48Z","timestamp":1574983368000},"page":"104279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Risk factors that predict longitudinal patterns of substantiated and unsubstantiated maltreatment reports"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4018-7418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah M.","family":"Holbrook","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James J.","family":"Hudziak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0005","unstructured":"Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006, Pub. L. No. 109\u2013248, 152 Stat. 587 (2006)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.010","article-title":"The co-occurrence of adverse childhood experiences among children investigated for child maltreatment: A latent class analysis","volume":"87","author":"Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0015","series-title":"NSCAW child well-being spotlight: Children with substantiated and unsubstantiated reports of child maltreatment are at similar risk for poor outcomes","author":"Casanueva","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.02.029","article-title":"Family profiles of maltreated children in Singapore: A latent class analysis","volume":"79","author":"Chng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0025","series-title":"Latent class and transition analysis: With applications in the social, behavioral, and health sciences","author":"Collins","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559503258930","article-title":"Substantiation and recidivism","volume":"8","author":"Drake","year":"2003","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2016.03.002","article-title":"Risk of re-report: A latent class analysis of infants reported for maltreatment","volume":"55","author":"Eastman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.08.009","article-title":"Defining maltreatment chronicity: Are there differences in child outcomes?","volume":"29","author":"English","year":"2005","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0045","first-page":"79","article-title":"Child maltreatment entrenched by poverty: How financial need is linked to poorer outcomes in family preservation","volume":"93","author":"Escaravage","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child Welfare"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0050","unstructured":"Family First Prevention Services Act, Pub. L. No. 115\u2013123, H.R. 1892 (2018)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0055","series-title":"Rereporting and recurrence of child maltreatment: Findings from NCANDS","author":"Fluke","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559507311517","article-title":"Longitudinal analysis of repeated child abuse reporting and victimization: Multistate analysis of associated factors","volume":"13","author":"Fluke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leaqua.2012.03.007","article-title":"Know thy self, know thy leader: Contributions of a pattern-oriented approach to examining leader perceptions","volume":"23","author":"Foti","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Leadership Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0070","series-title":"Data analysis with Mplus","author":"Geiser","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559514539754","article-title":"Maltreatment histories of foster youth exiting out-of-home care through emancipation: A latent class analysis","volume":"19","author":"Havlicek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579414000406","article-title":"Borderline personality features in childhood: The role of subtype, developmental timing and chronicity of child maltreatment","volume":"26","author":"Hecht","year":"2015","journal-title":"Developmental Psychopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0085","series-title":"Poverty and child neglect: What we know and what we need to do [Blog post]","author":"Houshyar","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.03.013","article-title":"Repeat reports among cases reported for child neglect: A scoping review","volume":"92","author":"Jonson-Reid","year":"2019","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-2529","article-title":"Child and adult outcomes of chronic child maltreatment","volume":"129","author":"Jonson-Reid","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559516679512","article-title":"Duration in poverty-related programs and number of child maltreatment reports","volume":"22","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0105","article-title":"Cumulative prevalence of onset and recurrence of child maltreatment reports","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303545","article-title":"Lifetime prevalence of investigating child maltreatment among US children","volume":"107","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559508326030","article-title":"Time to leave substantiation behind: Findings from a national probability study","volume":"14","author":"Kohl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsp086","article-title":"Child maltreatment and pediatric health outcomes: A longitudinal study of low-income children","volume":"35","author":"Lanier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0125","series-title":"Statistical analysis with missing data","author":"Little","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.020","article-title":"Geographic variation in racial disparities in child maltreatment: The influence of county poverty and population density","volume":"47","author":"Maguire-Jack","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/chso.12307","article-title":"Preventive benefits of U.S. childcare subsidies in supervisory child neglect","volume":"32","author":"Maguire-Jack","year":"2019","journal-title":"Children & Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-016-2242-3","article-title":"Black-White differences in child maltreatment reports and foster care placements: A statistical decomposition using linked administrative data","volume":"21","author":"Maloney","year":"2017","journal-title":"Maternal and Child Health Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.10.018","article-title":"Clusters of abusive parenting: A latent class analysis of families referred to Child Protective Services in Portugal","volume":"38","author":"Matos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0150","article-title":"Quantitative applications in the social sciences","volume":"Vol. 64","author":"McCutcheon","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1041.2017.01473","article-title":"Performance of the entropy as an index of classification accuracy in latent profile analysis: A Monte Carlo simulation study","volume":"49","author":"Meng-cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica Sinica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0160","series-title":"Mplus user\u2019s guide","author":"Muth\u00e9n","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0165","series-title":"Which U.S. States have the highest minority populations?","author":"Nittle","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2012.08.005","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities: A population-based examination of risk factors for involvement with child protective services","volume":"37","author":"Putnam-Hornstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559512448472","article-title":"Trajectories of maltreatment Re-Reports from ages 4 to 12: Evidence for persistent risk after early exposure","volume":"17","author":"Proctor","year":"2012","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559517728125","article-title":"Latent classes of maltreatment: A systematic review and critique","volume":"23","author":"Rivera","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0185","series-title":"The third national incidence study of child abuse and neglect","author":"Sedlak","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0190","series-title":"The fourth national incidence study of child abuse and neglect (NIS-4): Report to congress","author":"Sedlak","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2007.09.010","article-title":"Identification of child maltreatment using prospective and self-report methodologies: A comparison of maltreatment incidence and relation to later psychopathology","volume":"32","author":"Shaffer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0200","series-title":"Child maltreatment 2015","author":"United States Department of Health & Human Services","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0205","series-title":"Child maltreatment 2017","author":"United States Department of Health & Human Services","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2013.04.022","article-title":"Children in the public benefit system at risk of maltreatment: Identification via predictive modeling","volume":"45","author":"Vaithianathan","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20172882","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-2882","article-title":"Injury and mortality among children identified as high risk of maltreatment","volume":"141","author":"Vaithianathan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2007.03.001","article-title":"Cumulative stress and substantiated maltreatment: The importance of caregiver vulnerability and adult partner violence","volume":"31","author":"Wekerle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.9.1.34","article-title":"Accuracy of adult recollections of childhood victimization, Part 2: Childhood sexual abuse","volume":"9","author":"Widom","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.03.009","article-title":"The case for prospective longitudinal studies in child maltreatment research: Commentary on Dube, Williamson, Thompson, Felitti, and Anda (2004)","volume":"28","author":"Widom","year":"2004","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.8.4.412","article-title":"Accuracy of adult recollections of childhood victimization: Part 1: Childhood physical abuse","volume":"8","author":"Widom","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2014.410","article-title":"The prevalence of confirmed maltreatment among US children, 2004 to 2011","volume":"168","author":"Wildeman","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.62.6.1167","article-title":"Recall of childhood trauma: A prospective study of women\u2019s memories of child sexual abuse","volume":"62","author":"Williams","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213419304569?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213419304569?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T01:13:10Z","timestamp":1758935590000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213419304569"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S0145213419304569"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Risk factors that predict longitudinal patterns of substantiated and unsubstantiated maltreatment reports","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104279"}}