{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T08:09:13Z","timestamp":1787904553119,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588291200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588291200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]],"date-time":"2020-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004423","name":"World Health Organization","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001350","name":"Ministry of Health, Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001350","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Temasek Foundation Singapore"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse &amp; Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,12]],"date-time":"2020-03-12T00:37:55Z","timestamp":1583973475000},"page":"104447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Prevalence, socio-demographic correlates and associations of adverse childhood experiences with mental illnesses: Results from the Singapore Mental Health Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4530-1096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mythily","family":"Subramaniam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1016-3298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edimansyah","family":"Abdin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esmond","family":"Seow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janhavi Ajit","family":"Vaingankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saleha","family":"Shafie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shazana","family":"Shahwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathew","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyn","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swapna","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siow Ann","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2010.11.008","article-title":"Childhood adversity and personality disorders: Results from a nationally representative population-based study","volume":"45","author":"Afifi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-005-0624-4","article-title":"The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood. A convergence of evidence from neurobiology and epidemiology","volume":"256","author":"Anda","year":"2006","journal-title":"European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1955","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15091955","article-title":"Mothers and children exposed to intimate partner violence: A review of treatment interventions","volume":"15","author":"Anderson","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1017\/S1474746419000071","article-title":"Potential of early intervention for preventing and reducing ACE-related trauma","volume":"18","author":"Asmussen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Social Policy and Society"},{"issue":"72","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0025","article-title":"National household survey of adverse childhood experiences and their relationship with resilience to health-harming behaviors in England","volume":"12","author":"Bellis","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2012.01.032","article-title":"Educating young people in care: What have we learned?","volume":"34","author":"Berridge","year":"2012","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"issue":"7S","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2017.04.002","article-title":"Evolving a more nurturing society to prevent adverse childhood experiences","volume":"17","author":"Biglan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Academic Pediatric"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0040","series-title":"Treating traumatic stress in children and adolescents","author":"Blaustein","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2008.02.002","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and suicidal behavior","volume":"31","author":"Brodsky","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatric Clinics of North America"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.109.074716","article-title":"Childhood adversities as risk factors for onset and persistence of suicidal behavior","volume":"197","author":"Bruffaerts","year":"2010","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-015-1024-3","article-title":"Gender-specific profiles of adverse childhood experiences, past year mental and substance use disorders, and their associations among a national sample of adults in the United States","volume":"50","author":"Cavanaugh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.12.013","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and the risk of depressive disorders in adulthood","volume":"82","author":"Chapman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorder"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2009.09.020","article-title":"Separate and cumulative effects of adverse childhood experiences in predicting adult health and health care utilization","volume":"34","author":"Chartier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Child Abuse and Neglect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610216001800","article-title":"Association of adverse childhood experiences with lifetime mental and substance use disorders among men and women aged 50+ years","volume":"29","author":"Choi","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Psychogeriatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0075","series-title":"Developmental psychopathology","article-title":"An ecological transactional perspective on child maltreatment: Failure of the average expectable environment and its influence upon child development","author":"Cicchetti","year":"2006"},{"issue":"4pt2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579416000869","article-title":"An investigation of child maltreatment and epigenetic mechanisms of mental and physical health risk","volume":"8","author":"Cicchetti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Development &Psychopathology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260504269686","article-title":"Primary prevention of intimate partner violence for women\u2019s health: A response to Plichta","volume":"19","author":"Coker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559513477914","article-title":"Effects of adolescent physical abuse, exposure to neighborhood violence and witnessing parental violence on adult socioeconomic status","volume":"18","author":"Covey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1093\/cs\/27.4.197","article-title":"Cognitive and academic functioning in maltreated children","volume":"27","author":"Crozier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Children & Schools"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559509355316","article-title":"Long-term consequences of child abuse and neglect on adult economic well-being","volume":"15","author":"Currie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2011.08.019","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences, allostasis, allostatic load, and age-related disease","volume":"106","author":"Danese","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physiology & Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2012.659803","article-title":"Shame and guilt in men exposed to childhood sexual abuse: A qualitative investigation","volume":"21","author":"Dorahy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Child Sex Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.03.007","article-title":"Continuing conversations about adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) screening: A public health perspective","volume":"85","author":"Dube","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1891\/vivi.17.1.3.33635","article-title":"Exposure to abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction among adults who witnessed intimate partner violence as children: Implications for health and social services","volume":"17","author":"Dube","year":"2002","journal-title":"Violence and Victims"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.3.564","article-title":"Childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction and the risk of illicit drug use: The adverse childhood experiences study","volume":"111","author":"Dube","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-0597","article-title":"Adolescent violence perpetration: Associations with multiple types of adverse childhood experiences","volume":"125","author":"Duke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.43.6.1275","article-title":"Maltreated children\u2019s memory: Accuracy, suggestibility, and psychopathology","volume":"43","author":"Eisen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8","article-title":"Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study","volume":"14","author":"Felitti","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61706-7","article-title":"Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries","volume":"373","author":"Gilbert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0150","series-title":"Visible learning: A synthesis of over 800 meta-analyses relating to achievement","author":"Hattie","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0155","first-page":"287","article-title":"Maltreatment in childhood and adolescence: Results from a survey of a representative sample of the German population","volume":"108","author":"Hauser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Deutsches Arzteblatt International"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x","article-title":"The Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence: A revision of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire","volume":"86","author":"Heatherton","year":"1991","journal-title":"British Journal of Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.009","article-title":"Examining patterns of adversity in Chinese young adults using the Adverse Childhood Experiences-International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ)","volume":"88","author":"Ho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e356","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(17)30118-4","article-title":"The effect of multiple adverse childhood experiences on health: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Hughes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e356","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(17)30118-4","article-title":"The effect of multiple adverse childhood experiences on health: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Hughes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.03.029","article-title":"Influence of childhood abuse and neglect subtypes on late-life suicide risk beyond depression","volume":"80","author":"Jardim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.11.011","article-title":"A meta-analysis of child physical abuse prevalence in China","volume":"43","author":"Ji","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2013.03.008","article-title":"Child sexual abuse in China: A meta-analysis of 27 studies","volume":"37","author":"Ji","year":"2013","journal-title":"Child Abuse Neglect"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-005-0983-1","article-title":"The experience of abuse and mental health in the young Thai population a preliminary survey","volume":"40","author":"Jirapramukpitak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1002\/2327-6924.12215","article-title":"Health consequences of adverse childhood experiences: A systematic review","volume":"27","author":"Kalmakis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0205","series-title":"Characteristics of emotional and behavioral disorders in children and youth","author":"Kauffman","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.168","article-title":"The world mental health (WMH) survey initiative version of the world health organization (WHO) composite international diagnostic interview (CIDI)","volume":"13","author":"Kessler","year":"2004","journal-title":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0215","series-title":"Child maltreatment surveillance: Uniform definitions for public health and recommended data elements, version 1.0","author":"Leeb","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1300\/J146v03n01_03","article-title":"Trauma and parenting in battered women: An addition to an ecological model of parenting","volume":"3","author":"Levendosky","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-7795.2004.01402001.x","article-title":"Violence in the transition to adulthood: Adolescent victimization, education, and socioeconomic attainment in later life","volume":"14","author":"Macmillan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Research on Adolescence"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-515","article-title":"Tobacco use and nicotine dependency in a cross-sectional representative sample of 18,018 individuals in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India","volume":"12","author":"Manimunda","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291716003263","article-title":"The association between childhood adversities and subsequent first onset of psychotic experiences: A cross-national analysis of 23 998 respondents from 17 countries","volume":"47","author":"McGrath","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2016.10.021","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and life opportunities: Shifting the narrative","volume":"72","author":"Metzler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.08-060061","article-title":"Multiple-type child maltreatment and adolescent mental health in Vietnam","volume":"88","author":"Nguyen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001349","article-title":"The long-term health consequences of child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Norman","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1080\/10852352.2012.707443","article-title":"Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) within a social disadvantage framework: Distinguishing unique, cumulative, and moderated contributions to adult mental health","volume":"40","author":"Nurius","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Prevention & Intervention Community"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1080\/10538710801916416","article-title":"Gender differences in silencing following childhood sexual abuse","volume":"17","author":"O\u2019Leary","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Child Sexual Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V41N8p325","article-title":"Smoking and nicotine dependence in Singapore: Findings from a cross-sectional epidemiological study","volume":"41","author":"Picco","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annals of the Academic of Medicine, Singapore"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-005-0950-x","article-title":"Childhood adversities as risk factors for adult mental disorders: Results from the Health 2000 study","volume":"40","author":"Pirkola","year":"2005","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0275","series-title":"Findings from the Philadelphia urban ACES survey","author":"Public Health Management Corporation","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0280","series-title":"Child abuse and neglect in the UK today","author":"Radford","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.2217\/npy.13.89","article-title":"The traumagenic neurodevelopmental model of psychosis revisited","volume":"4","author":"Read","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1943-278X.2011.00025.x","article-title":"Sex differences in childhood sexual abuse and suicide-related behaviours","volume":"41","author":"Rhodes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Suicide and Life- Threatening Behavior"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838014537908","article-title":"Childhood maltreatment and educational outcomes","volume":"16","author":"Romano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400003035","article-title":"Developmental systems and psychopathology","volume":"12","author":"Sameroff","year":"2000","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329171200102X","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences in relation to mood and anxiety disorders in a population-based sample of active military personnel","volume":"43","author":"Sareen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-7-30","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and mental health in young adults: A longitudinal survey","volume":"7","author":"Schilling","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838006288932","article-title":"Unhealthy parenting and potential mediators as contributing factors to future intimate violence","volume":"7","author":"Schwartz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0320","first-page":"833","article-title":"Association of childhood adversities and early-onset mental disorders with adult-onset chronic physical conditions","volume":"688","author":"Scott","year":"2011","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0325","series-title":"Fourth national incidence study of child abuse and neglect (NIS\u20134): Report to congress","author":"Sedlak","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0330","series-title":"Paper Presented in XXV International Population Conference","article-title":"Discrimination of female children in modern India: From conception through childhood","author":"Sekher","year":"2005"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1037\/ort0000120","article-title":"Toxic stress, behavioral health, and the next major era in public health","volume":"86","author":"Shern","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.11.020","article-title":"Patterns of adverse childhood experiences and substance use among young adults: A latent class analysis","volume":"78","author":"Shin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.754","article-title":"Neuroscience, molecular biology, and the childhood roots of health disparities: Building a new framework for health promotion and disease prevention","volume":"301","author":"Shonkoff","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e232","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-2663","article-title":"The lifelong effects of early childhood adversity and toxic stress","volume":"129","author":"Shonkoff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559511403920","article-title":"A global perspective on child sexual abuse: Meta-analysis of prevalence around the world","volume":"16","author":"Stoltenborgh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-012-0549-y","article-title":"The neglect of child neglect: A meta-analytic review of the prevalence of neglect","volume":"48","author":"Stoltenborgh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1080\/00207594.2012.697165","article-title":"Cultural-geographical differences in the occurrence of child physical abuse? A meta-analysis of global prevalence","volume":"48","author":"Stoltenborgh","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0370","first-page":"1","article-title":"Tracking the mental health of a nation: Prevalence and correlates of mental disorders in the second Singapore mental health study","author":"Subramaniam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2016.07.005","article-title":"Childhood emotional maltreatment and mental disorders: Results from a nationally representative adult sample from the United States","volume":"59","author":"Taillieu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4560.2006.00490.x","article-title":"Promises and possibilities: The application of research in the area of child maltreatment to policies and practices","volume":"62","author":"Toth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Social Issues"},{"issue":"Suppl. 8","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26S","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539515589812","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and the health of university students in eight provinces of Vietnam","volume":"27","author":"Tran","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1177\/10634266030110040201","article-title":"Research on the academic status of students with emotional and behavioral disorders: A review of the literature from 1961\u20132000","volume":"11","author":"Trout","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2009.11.012","article-title":"Poly-victimization in a national sample of children and youth","volume":"38","author":"Turner","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.24211","article-title":"Epigenetic programming by early-life stress: Evidence from human populations","volume":"244","author":"Vaiserman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Developmental Dynamics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbs050","article-title":"Childhood adversities increase the risk of psychosis: A meta-analysis of patient-control, prospective- and cross-sectional cohort studies","volume":"38","author":"Varese","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(93)90028-4","article-title":"Child sexual abuse and gender differences: Attitudes and prevalence","volume":"17","author":"Wellman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0415","series-title":"Adverse childhood experiences international questionnaire (ACE-IQ)","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences International questionnaire","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2012.10.012","article-title":"Child abuse and epigenetic mechanisms of disease risk","volume":"44","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559508326286","article-title":"Child maltreatment among Asian Americans","volume":"14","author":"Zhai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse &amp; Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213420301022?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213420301022?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T01:12:56Z","timestamp":1758935576000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213420301022"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"references-count":85,"alternative-id":["S0145213420301022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prevalence, socio-demographic correlates and associations of adverse childhood experiences with mental illnesses: Results from the Singapore Mental Health Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104447"}}