{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:48:53Z","timestamp":1787503733049,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse &amp; Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,12]],"date-time":"2020-05-12T13:07:25Z","timestamp":1589288845000},"page":"104509","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Analysis of the relationship between earthquake-related losses and the frequency of child-directed emotional, physical, and severe physical abuse in Haiti"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Sony","family":"Subedi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colleen","family":"Davison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Bartels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0005","series-title":"ENCUESTA DEMOGR\u00c1FICA Y DE SALUD REP\u00daBLICA DOMINICANA 2013","author":"Ach\u00e9car","year":"2013"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0010","article-title":"An analysis of housing structures\u2019 earthquake vulnerability in two parts of Dhaka city","volume":"10","author":"Ahmed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sustainability (Switzerland)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0015","article-title":"Social determinants of child abuse: Evidence of factors associated with maternal abuse from the Egypt demographic and health survey","volume":"8","author":"Antai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Injury and Violence Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0020","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nitric oxide chemistry and velocity slip effects in hypersonic boundary layers","author":"Arisman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thesis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(99)00084-7","article-title":"Self-reported childhood sexual and physical abuse and adult HIV-risk behaviors and heavy drinking","volume":"18","author":"Bensley","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"issue":"546","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0297.2010.02378.x","article-title":"Estimating the direct economic damages of the earthquake in Haiti","volume":"120","author":"Cavallo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Economic Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0035","series-title":"Haiti DHS, 2012 \u2013 Final Report (French)","author":"Cayemittes","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0040","series-title":"Child Abuse and Neglect: Risk and Protective Factors","author":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2018"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217719","article-title":"Violence against children and natural disasters: A systematic review and meta analysis of quantitative evidence","volume":"14","author":"Cerna-Turoff","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(00)00176-9","article-title":"Changes in reports and incidence of child abuse following natural disasters","volume":"24","author":"Curtis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Child Abuse and Neglect"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(95)00009-W","article-title":"Behavior problems in school-aged physically abused and neglected children in Spain","volume":"19","author":"de Pa\u00fal","year":"1995","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.034","article-title":"Prevalence and determinants of post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and depression symptoms in street children survivors of the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, four years after","author":"Derivois","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Abuse and Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1193\/1.3630129","article-title":"Overview of the 2010 Haiti earthquake","author":"DesRoches","year":"2011","journal-title":"Earthquake Spectra"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0070","series-title":"Frustration and aggression","first-page":"1","article-title":"Definitions","author":"Dollard","year":"1939"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.29.1.53","article-title":"School performance and disciplinary problems among abused and neglected children","volume":"29","author":"Eckenrode","year":"1993","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(89)90015-X","article-title":"Characteristics of a clinical sample of sexually abused children: How boy and girl victims differ","volume":"13","author":"Faller","year":"1989","journal-title":"Child Abuse and Neglect"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8","article-title":"Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study","volume":"14","author":"Felitti","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(00)00112-5","article-title":"Chronic pain and health care utilization in women with a history of childhood sexual abuse","volume":"24","author":"Finestone","year":"2000","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2010.01.001","article-title":"Effects of multiple forms of childhood abuse and adult sexual assault on current eating disorder symptoms","volume":"11","author":"Fischer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eating Behaviors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838012455873","article-title":"The consequences of maltreatment on children\u2019s lives: A systematic review of data from the East Asia and Pacific Region","author":"Fry","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trauma, Violence, & Abuse"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-0025.1989.tb02738.x","article-title":"Child abuse and violence in single\u2010parent families: Parent absence and economic deprivation","volume":"59","author":"Gelles","year":"1989","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.10.014","article-title":"The experience of violence against children in domestic servitude in Haiti: Results from the violence against children survey, Haiti 2012","author":"Gilbert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Abuse and Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0115","series-title":"Action Plan for National Recovery and Development of Haiti","author":"Government of Haiti","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.08.074","article-title":"Prevalence of stressful life events and their association with post-traumatic stress disorder among youth attending secondary school in Haiti","author":"Grelotti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199805000-00017","article-title":"Abuse-related posttraumatic stress disorder and alterations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in women with chronic pelvic pain","volume":"60","author":"Heim","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-4079","article-title":"Global prevalence of past-year violence against children: A systematic review and minimum estimates","volume":"137","author":"Hillis","year":"2016","journal-title":"PEDIATRICS"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.5.621","article-title":"A population-based study of inflicted traumatic brain injury in young children","volume":"290","author":"Keenan","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2003.10.023","article-title":"Increased incidence of inflicted traumatic brain injury in children after a natural disaster","volume":"26","author":"Keenan","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1159\/000337552","article-title":"Food intake, diet quality and behavioral problems in children: Results from the GINI-plus\/LISA-plus studies","author":"Kohlboeck","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0150","series-title":"Children\u2019s Legal Rights in Haiti","author":"Law & Conflict Working Group","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(02)00133-2","article-title":"Measurement of parental discipline and nurturance","author":"Locke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0160","series-title":"Child discipline in times of conflict","author":"Malcolm","year":"2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci3030460","article-title":"Mandatory reporting laws and identification of child abuse and neglect: Consideration of differential maltreatment types, and a cross-jurisdictional analysis of child sexual abuse reports","volume":"3","author":"Mathews","year":"2014","journal-title":"Social Sciences"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540410040028","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of women with a history of childhood abuse: Unhealed wounds","volume":"277","author":"McCauley","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0175","first-page":"1","article-title":"Emotional abuse: The hidden form of maltreatment","volume":"8","author":"Melorose","year":"1997","journal-title":"NCPC Issues"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-1071-7","article-title":"Gender moderates the relationship between childhood abuse and internalizing and substance use disorders later in life: A cross-sectional analysis","volume":"16","author":"Meng","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.08.057075","article-title":"Child maltreatment prevention: A systematic review of reviews","author":"Mikton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605-0201710-06","article-title":"The association between childhood physical and sexual victimization and health problems in adulthood in a nationally representative sample of women","volume":"17","author":"MP","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1097\/ANS.0b013e318253f005","article-title":"Orphans and At-risk children in Haiti: Vulnerabilities and human rights issues postearthquake","volume":"35","author":"Nicholas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Advances in Nursing Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001349","article-title":"The long-term health consequences of child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect: A systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Norman","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.02.034","article-title":"Impact of childhood abuse on suicide-related behavior: Analysis using marginal structural models","volume":"234","author":"Obikane","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.3928\/00220124-20101122-04","article-title":"Cholera in Haiti","volume":"41","author":"Pfrimmer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0215","series-title":"The DHS Wealth Index. DHS Comparative Reports No. 6","author":"Rutstein","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2307\/2532419","article-title":"Applied logistic regression","author":"Scott","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0225","article-title":"Fourth national incidence study of child abuse and neglect (NIS \u2013 4): Report to congress","author":"Sedlak","year":"2010","journal-title":"National Data Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-015-1780-0","article-title":"Integrating epidemiological and engineering approaches in the assessment of human casualties in earthquakes","author":"Shapira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Natural Hazards"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.37.1.3","article-title":"Maltreatment, competency deficits, and risk for academic and behavioral maladjustment","volume":"37","author":"Shonk","year":"2001","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3200","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.13316","article-title":"Experiences of violence and abuse among internally displaced adolescent girls following a natural disaster","volume":"73","author":"Sloand","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2007.01.003","article-title":"Long-term physical and mental health consequences of childhood physical abuse: Results from a large population-based sample of men and women","volume":"31","author":"Springer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1885","article-title":"Understanding the behavioral and emotional consequences of child abuse","volume":"122","author":"Stirling","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0255","first-page":"1","article-title":"Emotional and physical child abuse in the context of natural disasters: A focus on Haiti","author":"Subedi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0260","series-title":"DHS overview","author":"The D.H.S","year":"2016"},{"issue":"November","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0265","first-page":"1","article-title":"Convention on the rights of a child","volume":"1577","author":"UN General Assembly","year":"1989","journal-title":"United Nations, Treaty Series"},{"issue":"January","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0270","first-page":"30","article-title":"Children in Haiti - on year after - the long road from relief to recovery","author":"Unicef","year":"2011","journal-title":"UNICEF - Unite for Children"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0275","series-title":"Child Disiciplinary Practices at Home: Evidence from a Range of Low- and Middle-Income Countries","author":"UNICEF","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0280","article-title":"Violence against children in Haiti: Findings from a national survey 2012","volume":"53","author":"UNICEF","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199711000-00003","article-title":"Psychosocial factors in fibromyalgia compared with rheumatoid arthritis: II. Sexual, physical, and emotional abuse and neglect","volume":"59","author":"Walker","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0290","first-page":"200","article-title":"Abuse history and chronic pain in women: II. A multivariate analysis of abuse and psychological morbidity","volume":"84","author":"Walling","year":"1994","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0295","series-title":"Essential epidemiology: An introduction for students and health professionals","author":"Webb","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0300","series-title":"Interpersonal violance and disasters","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0305","series-title":"Child abuse and neglect","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0310","series-title":"Child abuse and neglect by parents and other caregivers. World Report on Violence and Health","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509_bib0315","series-title":"Center for Public Health \/ Liverpool John Moores University. Changing Cultural and Social Norms Supportive of Violent Behaviour","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2009"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse &amp; Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213420301642?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213420301642?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T01:13:28Z","timestamp":1758935608000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213420301642"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["S0145213420301642"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Analysis of the relationship between earthquake-related losses and the frequency of child-directed emotional, physical, and severe physical abuse in Haiti","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104509","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Crown Copyright \u00a9 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104509"}}