{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T17:12:11Z","timestamp":1786986731152,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019725","name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T05:09:52Z","timestamp":1588914592000},"page":"104514","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Nurses\u2019 intention to report child abuse in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0051-2669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salma","family":"Salami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9892-8509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eman","family":"Alhalal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(91)90020-T","article-title":"The theory of planned behavior","volume":"50","author":"Ajzen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8132306","article-title":"Health care waste segregation behavior among health workers in Uganda: An application of the theory of planned behavior","volume":"2016","author":"Akulume","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental and Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2011.10.002","article-title":"Self reported awareness of child maltreatment among school professionals in Saudi Arabia: Impact of CRC ratification","volume":"35","author":"AlBuhairan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1177\/0020872817742695","article-title":"Listening to child protection workers in Saudi Arabia: Child protection workers speak of how they experienced the policies and programs introduced to protect children between 2010 and 2013","volume":"62","author":"Al Faryan","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Social Work"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.08.016","article-title":"Determining child maltreatment incidence in Saudi Arabia using the ICAST-CH: A pilot study","volume":"42","author":"Al-Eissa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2014.03.008","article-title":"Knowledge, attitudes, and experience of dentists living in Saudi Arabia toward child abuse and neglect","volume":"26","author":"Al-Dabaan","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Saudi Dental Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0035","first-page":"241","article-title":"Child abuse and neglect in the Arab Peninsula","volume":"28","author":"Al-Mahroos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Saudi Medical Journal"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.4103\/0256-4947.87102","article-title":"Preventing child abuse and neglect in Saudi Arabia: Are we ready?","volume":"31","author":"Almuneef","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annals of Saudi Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2017.02.008","article-title":"Child maltreatment between knowledge, attitude and beliefs among Saudi pediatricians, pediatric residency trainees and medical students","volume":"16","author":"Alnasser","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annals of Medicine and Surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2017.1360429","article-title":"Professionals\u2019 attitude toward reporting child sexual abuse in Saudi Arabia","volume":"27","author":"Al-Saif","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Child Sexual Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.2307\/2786780","article-title":"Attributional biases in individualistic and collectivistic cultures: A comparison of Americans with Saudis","volume":"56","author":"Al-Zahrani","year":"1993","journal-title":"Social Psychology Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104-11692013000700022","article-title":"Primary care nurses\u2019 approach to cases of violence against children","volume":"21","author":"de Souza Arag\u00e3o","year":"2013","journal-title":"Revista Latino-americana de Enfermagem"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(00)00258-1","article-title":"The relationship between attitudes towards corporal punishment and the perception and reporting of child maltreatment","volume":"25","author":"Ashton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0070","first-page":"210","article-title":"Factors associated with intention to report child abuse among district hospital nurses in Iloilo, Philippines","volume":"12","author":"Atencion","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Caring Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1466-7657.2012.00988.x","article-title":"Factors affecting medical and nursing staff reporting of child abuse","volume":"59","author":"Ben Natan","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Nursing Review"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5812\/ircmj.22296v2","article-title":"Child abuse reporting barriers: Iranian nurses\u2019 experiences","volume":"17","author":"Borimnejad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0085","series-title":"Law of protection from abuse","author":"Bureau of Experts at the Council of Ministers","year":"2013"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jen.2018.04.003","article-title":"Implementation of a comprehensive program to improve child physical abuse screening and detection in the emergency department","volume":"44","author":"Carson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Emergency Nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0095","first-page":"1","article-title":"Knowledge and perceptions of child protection and mandatory reporting: A survey of nurses in Hong Kong","author":"Chan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Compr Child Adolesc Nurs"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/ijn.12395","article-title":"Clinical competency in child maltreatment for community nurses in Taiwan","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Nursing Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2019.03.007","article-title":"Legal and policy issues from the United States and internationally about mandatory reporting of child abuse","volume":"64","author":"Chia","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0110","series-title":"Mandatory reporting of child abuse and neglect","author":"Child Family Community Australia","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/425460","article-title":"How public health nurses identify and intervene in child maltreatment based on the national clinical guideline","volume":"2014","author":"Eija","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nursing Research and Practice"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-019786","article-title":"Dentists\u2019 intention to report suspected violence: A cross-sectional study in eight Arab countries","volume":"8","author":"El Tantawi","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149","article-title":"Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses","volume":"41","author":"Faul","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1177\/1043659604273551","article-title":"The meaning of child abuse for nurses in Taiwan","volume":"16","author":"Feng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Transcultural Nursing"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.11.006","article-title":"Factors associated with nurses\u2019 intention to report child abuse: A national survey of Taiwanese nurses","volume":"29","author":"Feng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.20087","article-title":"Nurses\u2019 intention to report child abuse in Taiwan: A test of the theory of planned behavior","volume":"28","author":"Feng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Research in Nursing & Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2009.05.015","article-title":"Factors influencing child abuse and neglect recognition and reporting by nurses: A multivariate analysis","volume":"47","author":"Fraser","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Nursing Studies"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2012.236","article-title":"Pediatrician knowledge, perception, and experience on child abuse and neglect in Saudi Arabia","volume":"32","author":"Habib","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annals of Saudi Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2013.06.004","article-title":"Barriers to and consequences of mandated reporting of child abuse by nurse practitioners","volume":"28","author":"Herendeen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Health Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-4079","article-title":"Global prevalence of past-year violence against children: A systematic review and minimum estimates","volume":"137","author":"Hillis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1177\/0022002184015004003","article-title":"Hofstede\u2019s culture dimensions: An independent validation using Rokeach\u2019s value survey","volume":"15","author":"Hofstede","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/daq005","article-title":"Determinants of customers\u2019 intention to participate in a Korean restaurant health promotion program: An application of the theory of planned behavior","volume":"25","author":"Hong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health Promotion International"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304587","article-title":"Childhood maltreatment predicts poor economic and educational outcomes in the transition to adulthood","volume":"108","author":"Jaffee","year":"2018","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0180","first-page":"33","article-title":"Community nurses\u2019 child protection role: Views of public health nurses in Ireland","volume":"84","author":"Kent","year":"2011","journal-title":"Community Practitioner\u202f: the Journal of the Community Practitioners\u2019 & Health Visitors\u2019 Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.01.010","article-title":"Pediatric inpatient nurses\u2019 perceptions of child maltreatment","volume":"34","author":"Lavigne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.007","article-title":"Predictors of intention of reporting child abuse among emergency nurses","volume":"38","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Nursing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/JFN.0000000000000186","article-title":"Factors that influence mandatory child abuse reporting attitudes of pediatric nurses in Korea","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Forensic Nursing"},{"issue":"15\u201316","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.13447","article-title":"A training programme for Taiwan nurses to improve child abuse reporting","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clinical Nursing"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0205","article-title":"Coping with domestic violence against children and adolescents from the perspective of primary care nurses","volume":"37","author":"Leite","year":"2016","journal-title":"Revista Ga\u00facha de Enfermagem"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.13101","article-title":"Integrative review: Nurses\u2019 roles and experiences in keeping children safe","volume":"73","author":"Lines","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"issue":"404","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1988.10478722","article-title":"A test of missing completely at random for multivariate data with missing values","volume":"83","author":"Little","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2010.202358","article-title":"Detection of child abuse in emergency departments: A multi-centre study","volume":"96","author":"Louwers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci3030460","article-title":"Mandatory reporting laws and identification of child abuse and neglect: Consideration of differential maltreatment types, and a cross-jurisdictional analysis of child sexual abuse reports","volume":"3","author":"Mathews","year":"2014","journal-title":"Social Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559507310613","article-title":"Mandatory reporting legislation in the United States, Canada, and Australia: A cross-jurisdictional review of key features, differences, and issues","volume":"13","author":"Mathews","year":"2008","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001349","article-title":"The long-term health consequences of child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Norman","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1590\/0104-1169.0050.2515","article-title":"Factors associated with reporting of abuse against children and adolescents by nurses within primary health care","volume":"22","author":"Rolim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Revista Latino-americana de Enfermagem"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.2662","article-title":"Work factors, work family conflict, the theory of planned behaviour and healthy intentions: A cross- cultural study","volume":"32","author":"Shukri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stress and Health\u202f: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.20364","article-title":"Cultural adaptation and translation of measures: An integrated method","volume":"33","author":"Sidani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Research in Nursing & Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/5936781","article-title":"Identifying and intervening in child maltreatment and implementing related national guidelines by public health nurses in Finland and Japan","volume":"2017","author":"Suzuki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nursing Research and Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514_bib0260","series-title":"Child maltreatment [Fact sheets]","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213420301691?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213420301691?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T01:12:37Z","timestamp":1758935557000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213420301691"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S0145213420301691"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Nurses\u2019 intention to report child abuse in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104514","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104514"}}