{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T21:37:07Z","timestamp":1792532227927,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013138","name":"Office for Victims of Crime","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013138","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000074","name":"U.S. Department of Justice","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013-VF-GX-K011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013-VF-GX-K011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000074","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]],"date-time":"2020-08-18T17:49:05Z","timestamp":1597772945000},"page":"104679","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"special_numbering":"P3","title":["Vicarious traumatization among child welfare and child protection professionals: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Beth E.","family":"Molnar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha A.","family":"Meeker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Manners","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9820-9360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Tieszen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Kalergis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet E.","family":"Fine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0287-6914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sean","family":"Hallinan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica D.","family":"Wolfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6455-6655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muriel K.","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0005","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0010","first-page":"215","article-title":"Secondary traumatic stress, burnout and compassion satisfaction among Norwegian child protection workers: Protective and risk factors","volume":"48","author":"Baugerud","year":"2018","journal-title":"British Journal of Social Work"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1177\/1049731513517142","article-title":"Interventions for secondary traumatic stress with mental health workers: A systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Bercier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Research on Social Work Practice"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2012.647263","article-title":"Predictors of secondary traumatic stress among children\u2019s advocacy center forensic interviewers","volume":"21","author":"Bonach","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Child Sexual Abuse"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1037\/h0099381","article-title":"Coping with secondary traumatic stress: Differences between UK and US child exploitation personnel","volume":"20","author":"Bourke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Traumatology: An International Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s11896-016-9223-8","article-title":"Crimes against caring: Exploring the risk of secondary traumatic stress, burnout, and compassion satisfaction among child exploitation investigators","volume":"32","author":"Brady","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.017","article-title":"Are parents at a higher risk for secondary traumatic stress?: How interviewing child victims impacts relationships with forensic interviewer\u2019s friends and family","volume":"88","author":"Brady","year":"2019","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1093\/sw\/52.1.63","article-title":"Prevalence of secondary traumatic stress among social workers","volume":"52","author":"Bride","year":"2007","journal-title":"Social Work"},{"issue":"3\/4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1300\/J394v04n03_05","article-title":"Correlates of secondary traumatic stress in child protective services workers","volume":"4","author":"Bride","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1177\/1049731503254106","article-title":"Development and validation of the secondary traumatic stress scale","volume":"14","author":"Bride","year":"2004","journal-title":"Research on Social Work Practice"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1300\/J497v75n02_06","article-title":"Secondary traumatization, burnout, and vicarious traumatization: A review of the literature as it relates to therapists who treat trauma","volume":"75","author":"Canfield","year":"2005","journal-title":"Smith College Studies in Social Work"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1080\/03643107.2011.575333","article-title":"Organizational impacts on the secondary traumatic stress of social workers assisting family violence or sexual assault survivors","volume":"35","author":"Choi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Administration in Social Work"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/00377317.2011.543044","article-title":"Secondary traumatic stress of service providers who practice with survivors of family or sexual violence: A national survey of social workers","volume":"81","author":"Choi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Smith College Studies in Social Work"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1080\/15325024.2012.719340","article-title":"Associations between police stress and alcohol use: Implications for practice","volume":"18","author":"Chopko","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Loss & Trauma"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2006.03.009","article-title":"Compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction among Colorado child protection workers","volume":"30","author":"Conrad","year":"2006","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1177\/153476569900500105","article-title":"Secondary traumatic stress among child protective service workers: Prevalence, severity and predictive factors","volume":"5","author":"Cornille","year":"1999","journal-title":"Traumatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2015.1042187","article-title":"Is laughing at the expense of victims and offenders a red flag? Humor and secondary traumatic stress","volume":"24","author":"Craun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Child Sexual Abuse"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-015-9680-3","article-title":"The impact of internet crimes against children work on relationships with families and friends: An exploratory study","volume":"30","author":"Craun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Family Violence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.10.008","article-title":"Child protection workers dealing with child abuse: The contribution of personal, social and organizational resources to secondary traumatization","volume":"51","author":"Dagan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0100","series-title":"Sekund\u00e4re traumatisierung: Kritische pr\u00fcfung eines konstruktes","author":"Daniels","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0105","series-title":"Brief symptom inventory, clinical psychometric research","author":"Derogatis","year":"1975"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1080\/15548732.2016.1206506","article-title":"Vicarious trauma in child welfare workers: A study of organizational responses","volume":"10","author":"Dombo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Public Child Welfare"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1080\/15433714.2012.664058","article-title":"Symptoms of posttraumatic stress among child welfare workers who experience a maltreatment fatality on their caseload","volume":"10","author":"Douglas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1080\/15299732.2014.912713","article-title":"Does working with child abuse cases affect professionals\u2019 parenting and the psychological well-being of their children?","volume":"15","author":"Dursun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-008-9183-6","article-title":"Childhood sexual abuse and intimate partner violence among women in methadone treatment: A direct or mediated relationship?","volume":"23","author":"Engstrom","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Family Violence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0130","series-title":"Secondary traumatic stress: Self-care issues for clinicians, researchers, and educators","first-page":"3","article-title":"Compassion fatigue: Toward a new understanding of the costs of caring","author":"Figley","year":"1995"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.10090","article-title":"Compassion fatigue: Psychotherapist\u2019s chronic lack of self care","volume":"58","author":"Figley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0140","series-title":"Measurement of stress, trauma, and adaptation","first-page":"127","article-title":"Psychometric review of compassion fatigue self test","author":"Figley","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1002\/ajcp.12395","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Vicarious Trauma Organizational Readiness Guide (VT-ORG)","volume":"64","author":"Hallinan","year":"2019","journal-title":"American Journal of Community Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1080\/09638237.2016.1244714","article-title":"The mediating effects of coping strategies on the relationship between secondary traumatic stress and burnout in professional caregivers in the UAE","volume":"26","author":"Hamid","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Mental Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2015.08.003","article-title":"An examination of the relationships between professional quality of life, adverse childhood experiences, resilience, and work environment in a sample of human service providers","volume":"57","author":"Hiles Howard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1300\/J079v32n03_01","article-title":"Work-related trauma effects in child protection social workers","volume":"32","author":"Horwitz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Social Service Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1037\/trm0000065","article-title":"Variables associated with secondary traumatic stress among mental health professionals","volume":"23","author":"Ivicic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Traumatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0170","first-page":"105","article-title":"Is vicarious trauma the culprit? A study of child welfare professionals","volume":"89","author":"Jankoski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Child Welfare"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W65","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00136","article-title":"The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: Explanation and elaboration","volume":"151","author":"Liberati","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s11896-018-9277-x","article-title":"Secondary traumatic stress: Prevalence and symptomology amongst detective officers investigating child protection cases","volume":"34","author":"MacEachern","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(93)90029-T","article-title":"The revised Stroop color-naming task in social phobics","volume":"31","author":"Mattia","year":"1993","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00975140","article-title":"Vicarious traumatization: A framework for understanding the psychological effects of working with victims","volume":"3","author":"Mccann","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2016.03.017","article-title":"A traumatised and traumatising system: Professionals\u2019 experiences in meeting the mental health needs of young people in the care and youth justice systems in Ireland","volume":"65","author":"McElvaney","year":"2016","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031434","article-title":"Police officer alcohol use and trauma symptoms: Associations with critical incidents, coping, and social stressors","volume":"20","author":"M\u00e9nard","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Stress Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0205","series-title":"Treating compassion fatigue","first-page":"39","article-title":"The trauma of working with traumatized children","author":"Meyers","year":"2002"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1080\/15548732.2015.1021987","article-title":"Relationship between vicarious traumatization and turnover among child welfare professionals","volume":"9","author":"Middleton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Public Child Welfare"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1037\/trm0000122","article-title":"Advancing science and practice for vicarious traumatization\/secondary traumatic stress: A research agenda","volume":"23","author":"Molnar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Traumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0220","article-title":"Discriminant validation of the modified secondary trauma questionnaire","author":"Motta","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Psychotherapy in Independent Practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0225","first-page":"5","article-title":"Childhood abuse history, secondary traumatic stress, and child welfare workers","volume":"82","author":"Nelson-Gardell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Child Welfare: Journal of Policy, Practice, and Program"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702613497932","article-title":"Reenvisioning clinical science: Unifying the discipline to improve the public health","volume":"2","author":"Onken","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinical Psychological Science: A Journal of the Association for Psychological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0235","series-title":"Trauma and the therapist: Countertransference and vicarious traumatization in psychotherapy with incest survivors","author":"Pearlman","year":"1995"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s11896-010-9066-7","article-title":"Secondary traumatic stress and burnout among law enforcement investigators exposed to disturbing media images","volume":"25","author":"Perez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1007\/s10560-005-0044-3","article-title":"Burnout and secondary trauma among forensic interviewers of abused children","volume":"23","author":"Perron","year":"2006","journal-title":"Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0250","series-title":"Career burnout: Causes and cures","author":"Pines","year":"1988"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2015.1057667","article-title":"The dialectic of chaos and control in the experience of therapists who work with sexually abused children","volume":"24","author":"Possick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Child Sexual Abuse"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2004.02.003","article-title":"Predictors of post-traumatic distress in child welfare workers: A linear structural equation model","volume":"26","author":"Regehr","year":"2004","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3109\/00048670903393597","article-title":"Prevalence estimates of combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder: Critical review","volume":"44","author":"Richardson","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2018.01.032","article-title":"Charting the attitudes of county child protection staff in a post-crisis environment","volume":"86","author":"Rochelle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2014.12.023","article-title":"The role of self-care on compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary trauma among child welfare workers","volume":"49","author":"Salloum","year":"2015","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s11896-017-9248-7","article-title":"Assessing the psychological well-being and coping mechanisms of law enforcement investigators vs digital forensic examiners of child pornography investigations","volume":"33","author":"Seigfried-Spellar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801209347469","article-title":"Secondary traumatic stress among domestic violence advocates: Workplace risk and protective factors","volume":"15","author":"Slattery","year":"2009","journal-title":"Violence Against Women"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1080\/15325020701238093","article-title":"Compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, and burnout: Factors impacting a professional\u2019s quality of life","volume":"12","author":"Sprang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Loss & Trauma"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0295","first-page":"149","article-title":"Secondary traumatic stress and burnout in child welfare workers: A comparative analysis of occupational distress across professional groups","volume":"90","author":"Sprang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Child Welfare"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1037\/trm0000108","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the secondary traumatic stress-informed organizational assessment","volume":"23","author":"Sprang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Traumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0305","series-title":"The ProQol manual","author":"Stamm","year":"2005"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1080\/0145935X.2017.1297225","article-title":"The influence of sense of coherence, self-care and work satisfaction on secondary traumatic stress and burnout among child and youth residential care workers in Switzerland","volume":"38","author":"Steinlin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child & Youth Services"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1111\/cfs.12209","article-title":"Exploring crisis and its effects on workers in child protective services work","volume":"22","author":"Tavormina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child & Family Social Work"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqw004","article-title":"Extraversion, neuroticism and secondary trauma in internet child abuse investigators","volume":"66","author":"Tehrani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Occupational Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0325","first-page":"36","article-title":"Quality of life and compassion satisfaction\/fatigue and burnout in child welfare workers: A study of the child welfare workers in community based care organizations in Central Florida","volume":"36","author":"Van Hook","year":"2009","journal-title":"Social Work & Christianity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2018.00046","article-title":"Job-related stress in forensic interviewers of children with use of therapy dogs compared with facility dogs or no dogs","volume":"5","author":"Walsh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0335","series-title":"Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD: A practitioner\u2019s handbook","first-page":"399","article-title":"The impact of event scale-revised","author":"Weiss","year":"1997"},{"issue":"1\/2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.06.015","article-title":"A systematic review of probable posttraumatic stress disorder in first responders following man-made mass violence","volume":"229","author":"Wilson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213420303343?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213420303343?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T01:16:12Z","timestamp":1758935772000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213420303343"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":68,"alternative-id":["S0145213420303343"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Vicarious traumatization among child welfare and child protection professionals: A systematic review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104679","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104679"}}