{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T08:15:33Z","timestamp":1768032933294,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":108,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse &amp; Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T18:44:19Z","timestamp":1608662659000},"page":"104897","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"special_numbering":"P2","title":["Modelling the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on violent discipline against children"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"116","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4692-9646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camilla","family":"Fabbri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8163-2568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amiya","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4908-2169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Max","family":"Petzold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Munkhbadar","family":"Jugder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Guedes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Cappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Devries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0005","first-page":"104747","article-title":"Using social media data for assessing children\u2019s exposure to violence during the COVID-19 pandemic","author":"Babvey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0010","series-title":"Innocenti working papers no. 2020-05","article-title":"Impacts of pandemics and epidemics on child protection: Lessons learned from a rapid review in the context of COVID-19","author":"Bakrania","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2020.104258","article-title":"Suffering in silence: How COVID-19 school closures inhibit the reporting of child maltreatment","volume":"190","author":"Baron","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Public Economics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.02.006","article-title":"Income, family characteristics, and physical violence toward children","volume":"29","author":"Berger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0025","series-title":"UNICEF innocenti discussion papers n.2020-01","article-title":"Ethical considerations for evidence generation involving children on the COVID-19 pandemic","author":"Berman","year":"2020"},{"issue":"98","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.20.263467","article-title":"COVID-19 response measures and violence against children","volume":"2020","author":"Bhatia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0035","series-title":"Alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 period: May 2020","author":"Biddle","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104699","article-title":"Stress and parenting during the global COVID-19 pandemic","author":"Brown","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0045","series-title":"The neglected ones: Time at home during COVID-19 and child maltreatment","author":"Bullinger","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0050","series-title":"Working papers 2020-02","article-title":"Hidden violence: How COVID-19 school closures reduced the reporting of child maltreatment","author":"Cabrera-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104460","article-title":"Thirty years after the adoption of the Convention on the Rights of the Child: Progress and challenges in building statistical evidence on violence against children","author":"Cappa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e37","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30451-0","article-title":"Global, regional, and national estimates of levels of preterm birth in 2014: a systematic review and modelling analysis","volume":"7","author":"Chawanpaiboon","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0065","article-title":"Mediating effects of parental stress on harsh parenting and parent-child relationship during coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Singapore","author":"Chung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Family Violence"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e259","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30088-8","article-title":"Alcohol use and misuse during the COVID-19 pandemic: a potential public health crisis?","volume":"5","author":"Clay","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"Issue 10231","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e64","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30736-4","article-title":"Parenting in a time of COVID-19","volume":"Volume 395","author":"Cluver","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.03.021","article-title":"Early childhood exposure to non-violent discipline and physical and psychological aggression in low- and middle-income countries: National, regional, and global prevalence estimates","volume":"92","author":"Cuartas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000180","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2017-000180","article-title":"Who perpetrates violence against children? A systematic analysis of age-specific and sex-specific data","volume":"2","author":"Devries","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Paediatrics Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1080\/13668803.2020.1756568","article-title":"Community, work, and family in times of COVID-19","volume":"23","author":"Fisher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Community, Work & Family"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0095","series-title":"Oxford COVID-19 government response tracker","author":"Hale","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0100","series-title":"Updated estimates and analysis","article-title":"ILO monitor: COVID-19 and the world of work","author":"ILO","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0105","series-title":"Youth & COVID-19: Impacts on jobs, education, rights and mental well-being. Survey Report 2020","author":"ILO","year":"2020"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e040620","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-040620","article-title":"Mental health in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic: Cross-sectional analyses from a community cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Jia","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30235-2","article-title":"Global mental health and COVID-19","volume":"7","author":"Kola","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104709","article-title":"Child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic: Consequences of parental job loss on psychological and physical abuse towards children","author":"Lawson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1080\/17450128.2018.1476748","article-title":"The multi-country study on the drivers of violence affecting children: An overview","volume":"13","author":"Maternowska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1792-4","article-title":"Household illness, poverty and physical and emotional child abuse victimisation: Findings from South Africa\u2019s first prospective cohort study","volume":"15","author":"Meinck","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0135","series-title":"Survey findings report","article-title":"Suriname multiple indicator cluster survey 2018","author":"Ministry of Social Affairs and Public Housing","year":"2019"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e977","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30325-X","article-title":"Early antenatal care visit: A systematic analysis of regional and global levels and trends of coverage from 1990 to 2013","volume":"5","author":"Moller","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0145","series-title":"Multiple Indicator cluster survey 2016-17, survey findings report","author":"National Bureau of Statistics, & UNICEF","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0150","series-title":"Social Indicator sample Survey-2018, survey findings report","author":"National Statistical Office","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0155","series-title":"Young people, inequality and violence during the COVID-19 lockdown in Uganda","author":"Parkes","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0160","series-title":"COVID-19 and violence against women and children: A second research round up. A second research round up","author":"Peterman","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0165","series-title":"CGD working paper 528","article-title":"Pandemics and violence against women and children","author":"Peterman","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0170","first-page":"104757","article-title":"Violence against children during COVID-19 Assessing and understanding change in use of helplines","author":"Petrowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"C","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2016.09.033","article-title":"Money matters: Does the minimum wage affect child maltreatment rates?","volume":"72","author":"Raissian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1363\/46e9020","article-title":"Estimates of the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sexual and reproductive health in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"46","author":"Riley","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-020-00589-w","article-title":"Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Salari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Globalization and Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0190","series-title":"Fourth national incidence study of child abuse and neglect (NIS\u20134): Report to congress","author":"Sedlak","year":"2010"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcaa201","article-title":"The psychological impact of COVID-19 on the mental health in the general population","volume":"113","author":"Serafini","year":"2020","journal-title":"QJM: An International Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0200","article-title":"Covid-19 and domestic violence: An indirect path to social and economic crisis","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Family Violence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0205","article-title":"Rise in the incidence of abusive head trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic","author":"Sidpra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2006.03.006","article-title":"Risk factors in child maltreatment: A meta-analytic review of the literature","volume":"14","author":"Stith","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aggression and Violent Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0215","series-title":"Technical note: Protection of children during the coronavirus pandemic, version 2","author":"The Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0220","series-title":"Covid world map: Tracking the global outbreak","author":"The New York Times","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0225","series-title":"Migration and development brief, no. 32","article-title":"COVID-19 crisis through a migration Lens","author":"The World Bank","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0230","series-title":"Global economic prospects","author":"The World Bank","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0235","series-title":"Child disciplinary practices at home: Evidence from a range of low- and middle-income countries","author":"UNICEF","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0240","series-title":"Hidden in Plain Sight: A statistical analysis of violence against children","author":"UNICEF","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0245","series-title":"A Familiar Face: Violence in the lives of children and adolescent","author":"UNICEF","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0250","series-title":"Children, Food and Nutrition: Growing well in a changing world","article-title":"The State of the world\u2019s children 2019","author":"UNICEF","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0255","series-title":"Evidence Gap Map: Pandemics, epidemics and outcomes on child protection and violence","author":"UNICEF","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0260","series-title":"Research on Violence against Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Guidance to inform ethical data collection and evidence generation","author":"UNICEF","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0265","series-title":"Convention on the rights of the child","author":"United Nations","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0270","series-title":"UNITED NATIONS policy brief","article-title":"Policy brief: COVID-19 and the need for action on mental health","author":"United Nations","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(91)90072-L","article-title":"The role of parental stress in physically abusive families","volume":"15","author":"Whipple","year":"1991","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897_bib0280","series-title":"Addressing violence against children, women and older people during the COVID-19 pandemic: Key actions","author":"WHO","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse &amp; Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213420305524?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213420305524?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T01:18:14Z","timestamp":1758935894000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213420305524"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["S0145213420305524"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Modelling the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on violent discipline against children","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104897","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104897"}}