{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:04:14Z","timestamp":1790787854697,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]],"date-time":"2021-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":53,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T05:48:02Z","timestamp":1627451282000},"page":"105208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The impact of childhood maltreatment on the severity of childhood-related posttraumatic stress disorder in adults"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Sophie A.","family":"Rameckers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnold A.P.","family":"van Emmerik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Bachrach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher W.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nexhmedin","family":"Morina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnoud","family":"Arntz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0010","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0015","author":"Barto\u0144"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0020","series-title":"CTQ: Childhood trauma questionnaire: A retrospective self-report","author":"Bernstein","year":"1998"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(02)00541-0","article-title":"Development and validation of a brief screening version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire","volume":"27","author":"Bernstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0030","first-page":"1","article-title":"Outliers in regression","volume":"30","author":"Blatn\u00e1","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trutnov"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22059","article-title":"The posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): Development and initial psychometric evaluation","volume":"28","author":"Blevins","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2018.1546085","article-title":"Development and evaluation of the Dutch Clinician-administered PTSD scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5)","volume":"9","author":"Boeschoten","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000254","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the PTSD checklist for diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders\u2013fifth edition (PCL-5) in veterans","volume":"28","author":"Bovin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb9000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20317","article-title":"Accumulated childhood trauma and symptom complexity.","volume":"21","author":"Briere","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress: Official Publication of The International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2016.11.024","article-title":"Disentangling the mental health impact of childhood abuse and neglect","volume":"63","author":"Cecil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2009.03.008","article-title":"Examining the unique relationships between anxiety disorders and childhood physical and sexual abuse in the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication","volume":"177","author":"Cougle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003","article-title":"Complex PTSD, interpersonal trauma and relational consequences: Findings from a treatment-receiving Northern Irish sample","volume":"112","author":"Dorahy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1177\/1359104501006003008","article-title":"Surviving and coping with emotional abuse in childhood","volume":"6","author":"Doyle","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2015.01.010","article-title":"Why should child welfare pay more attention to emotional maltreatment?","volume":"50","author":"English","year":"2015","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.049","article-title":"Mediating role of childhood emotional abuse on the relationship between severity of ADHD and PTSD symptoms in a sample of male inpatients with alcohol use disorder","volume":"239","author":"Evren","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0080","series-title":"Structured clinical interview for DSM-5 disorders, clinician version (SCID-5-CV)","author":"First","year":"2016"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.05.008","article-title":"Childhood maltreatment associated with PTSD and emotional distress in low-income adults: The burden of neglect","volume":"32","author":"Grassi-Oliveira","year":"2008","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00218.x","article-title":"Validity of adult retrospective reports of adverse childhood experiences: Review of the evidence","volume":"45","author":"Hardt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-015-0034-7","article-title":"The prospective role of cognitive appraisals and social support in predicting children\u2019s posttraumatic stress","volume":"43","author":"Hitchcock","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0100","article-title":"The effect of parental emotional abuse on the severity and treatment of PTSD symptoms in children and adolescents","author":"Hoeboer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2014.896840","article-title":"Factor structure, reliability, and known groups validity of the German version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (Short-form) in Swiss patients and nonpatients","volume":"23","author":"Karos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Child Sexual Abuse"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2012.12.020","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) in Korean patients with schizophrenia","volume":"144","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.01.001","article-title":"Comparing the effect of DSM-congruent traumas vs. DSM-incongruent stressors on PTSD symptoms: A meta-analytic review","volume":"38","author":"Larsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.186.6.494","article-title":"Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder after non-traumatic events: Evidence from an open population study","volume":"186","author":"Mol","year":"2005","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1002\/wics.199","article-title":"The Bayesian information criterion: Background, derivation, and applications","volume":"4","author":"Neath","year":"2012","journal-title":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2015.197","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and trauma informed care: The future of health care","volume":"79","author":"Oral","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatric Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.2466\/PR0.105.1.111-126","article-title":"Childhood emotional neglect related to posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and body mass index in adult women","volume":"105","author":"Pederson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychological Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2012.05.010","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of child sexual abuse: A national study","volume":"54","author":"P\u00e9rez-Fuentes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.19.2.226","article-title":"Childhood maltreatment in male and female treatment-seeking pathological gamblers","volume":"19","author":"Petry","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0150","author":"Pinheiro"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490701643161","article-title":"Childhood sexual and physical abuse histories, PTSD, depression, and HIV risk outcomes in women injection drug users: A potential mediating pathway","volume":"16","author":"Plotzker","year":"2007","journal-title":"The American Journal on Addictions"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.005","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of physical and sexual abuse in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder","volume":"112","author":"Romero","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2003.05.001","article-title":"Childhood emotional abuse and neglect as predictors of psychological and physical symptoms in women presenting to a primary care practice","volume":"27","author":"Spertus","year":"2003","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1080\/10926771.2012.708014","article-title":"The universality of childhood emotional abuse: A meta-analysis of worldwide prevalence","volume":"21","author":"Stoltenborgh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-012-0549-y","article-title":"The neglect of child neglect: A meta-analytic review of the prevalence of neglect","volume":"48","author":"Stoltenborgh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1080\/00207594.2012.697165","article-title":"Cultural\u2013geographical differences in the occurrence of child physical abuse? A meta-analysis of global prevalence","volume":"48","author":"Stoltenborgh","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559511403920","article-title":"A global perspective on child sexual abuse: Meta-analysis of prevalence around the world","volume":"16","author":"Stoltenborgh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20092","article-title":"Differential relationships of childhood abuse and neglect subtypes to PTSD symptom clusters among adolescent inpatients","volume":"19","author":"Sullivan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress: Official Publication of The International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2009.03.001","article-title":"A validation study of the Dutch Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form: Factor structure, reliability, and known-groups validity","volume":"33","author":"Thombs","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2017.1380470","article-title":"A new perspective on PTSD symptoms after traumatic vs stressful life events and the role of gender","volume":"8","author":"Van den Berg","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0205","series-title":"The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5)","author":"Weathers","year":"2013"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000486","article-title":"The Clinician-Administered PTSD scale for DSM\u20135 (CAPS-5): Development and initial psychometric evaluation in military veterans","volume":"30","author":"Weathers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0215","series-title":"The PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5)","author":"Weathers","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-017-0185-0","article-title":"Child maltreatment in Germany: Prevalence rates in the general population","volume":"11","author":"Witt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1300\/J135v07n02_02","article-title":"The developmental consequences of child emotional abuse: A neurodevelopmental perspective","volume":"7","author":"Yates","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Emotional Abuse"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213421002817?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213421002817?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T01:20:44Z","timestamp":1758936044000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213421002817"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S0145213421002817"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The impact of childhood maltreatment on the severity of childhood-related posttraumatic stress disorder in adults","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105208","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105208"}}