{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T02:31:06Z","timestamp":1791599466214,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse &amp; Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]],"date-time":"2022-03-09T17:53:55Z","timestamp":1646848435000},"page":"105567","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Reactions to the disclosure of intrafamilial childhood sexual abuse: Findings from the National Sexual Assault Online Hotline"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Shannon A.","family":"Elliott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly L.","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma S.","family":"Bardwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tara M.","family":"Mullin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s11896-016-9205-x","article-title":"Children's reports of disclosure recipient reactions in forensic interviews: Comparing the NICHD and MoGP protocols","volume":"32","author":"Ahern","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0010","first-page":"263","article-title":"Being silenced: The impact of negative social reactions on the disclosure of rape","volume":"38","author":"Ahrens","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Community Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6402.2007.00329.x","article-title":"Deciding whom to tell: Expectations and outcomes of rape survivors' first disclosures","volume":"31","author":"Ahrens","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychology of Women Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0020","series-title":"Understanding social media disclosures of sexual abuse through the lenses of support seeking and anonymity","first-page":"3906","author":"Andalibi","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.020","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the prevalence of child sexual abuse disclosure in forensic settings","volume":"93","author":"Azzopardi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Child Abuse and Neglect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2017.04.005","article-title":"Intelligence is associated with voluntary disclosure in child sexual abuse victims","volume":"61","author":"Bae","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0035","series-title":"Handbook of infant development","first-page":"818","article-title":"Applying observational methods: A systematic view","author":"Bakeman","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.022","article-title":"\u201cThey were the ones that saw me and listened\u201d. From child sexual abuse to disclosure: Adults' recalls of the process towards final disclosure","volume":"89","author":"Brattfjell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Child Abuse and Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.179.5.444","article-title":"Features of childhood sexual abuse and the development of psychiatric and substance use disorders","volume":"179","author":"Bulik","year":"2001","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104414","article-title":"\u201cI\u2019m here to listen and want you to know I am a mandated reporter\u201d: Understanding how text message-based crisis counselors facilitate child maltreatment disclosures","volume":"102","author":"Cash","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Abuse and Neglect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1037\/vio0000082","article-title":"Seeing roses in the thorn bush: Sexual assault survivors' perceptions of social reactions","volume":"8","author":"Dworkin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychology of Violence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101750","article-title":"Social reactions to disclosure of interpersonal violence and psychopathology: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"72","author":"Dworkin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1007\/s10615-012-0420-3","article-title":"Disclosure of child sexual abuse among adult male survivors","volume":"41","author":"Easton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clinical Social Work Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.04.005","article-title":"Childhood disclosure of sexual abuse and mental health outcomes in adulthood: Assessing merits of early disclosure and discussion","volume":"93","author":"Easton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Child Abuse and Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104287","article-title":"Disclosure of child sexual abuse: Directions for breaking new ground","volume":"99","author":"Easton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Abuse and Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104922","article-title":"\u201cThe whole wall fell apart, and I felt free for the first time\u201d: Men's perceptions of helpful responses during discussion of child sexual abuse","volume":"112","author":"Easton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Child Abuse and Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0085","article-title":"A pilot evaluation of an intervention to improve social reactions to sexual and partner violence disclosures","author":"Edwards","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559501006004005","article-title":"Reactions of nonoffending parents to the sexual abuse of their child: A review of the literature","volume":"6","author":"Elliott","year":"2001","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1108\/JCRPP-05-2016-0008","article-title":"The prevalence, nature, and impact of intrafamilial child sexual abuse: Findings from a rapid evidence assessment","volume":"2","author":"Gekoski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0100","first-page":"91","article-title":"Complex trauma and mental health in children and adolescents placed in foster care: Findings from the National Child Traumatic Stress Network","volume":"90","author":"Greeson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Child Welfare"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-8971.11.1.194","article-title":"Disclosure of child sexual abuse: What does the research tell us about the ways that children tell?","volume":"11","author":"London","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychology, Public Policy, and Law"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1080\/09658210701725732","article-title":"Review of the contemporary literature on how children report sexual abuse to others: Findings, methodological issues, and implications for forensic interviewers","volume":"16","author":"London","year":"2008","journal-title":"Memory"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0115","series-title":"Improving responses to sexual assault disclosures: Both informal and formal support providers: End Violence Against Women International","author":"Lonsway","year":"2019"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1300\/J070v15n04_06","article-title":"Caregiver support and child sexual abuse: Why does it matter?","volume":"15","author":"Malloy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Child Sexual Abuse"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0125","first-page":"162","article-title":"Filial dependency and recantation of child sexual abuse allegations","volume":"46","author":"Malloy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559513497250","article-title":"\u201cBecause she\u2019s one who listens\u201d: Children discuss disclosure recipients in forensic interviews","volume":"18","author":"Malloy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0135","article-title":"Recipients of children\u2019s and adolescents\u2019 disclosures of childhood sexual abuse: A systematic review","volume":"116","author":"Manay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Child Abuse and Neglect"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.08.003","article-title":"The impact of child sexual abuse on health: A systematic review of reviews","volume":"29","author":"Maniglio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0145","first-page":"1190","article-title":"Systematic review: The state of research into youth helplines","volume":"60","author":"Mathieu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1002\/car.2280","article-title":"Disclosure of child sexual abuse: Delays, non-disclosure and partial disclosure. What the research tells us and implications for practice","volume":"24","author":"McElvaney","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Abuse Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104121","article-title":"Child sexual abuse disclosures: Does age make a difference?","volume":"99","author":"McElvaney","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Abuse and Neglect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2012.05.010","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of child sexual abuse: A national study","volume":"54","author":"Perez-Fuentes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2013.05.007","article-title":"Listening to victims: Use of a Critical Incident Reporting System to enable adult victims of childhood sexual abuse to participate in a political reappraisal process in Germany","volume":"37","author":"Rassenhofer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Child Abuse and Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.11.013","article-title":"Child sexual abuse in the Roman Catholic Church in Germany: Comparison of victim-impact data collected through church-sponsored and government-sponsored programs","volume":"40","author":"Rassenhofer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Abuse and Neglect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838015584368","article-title":"Is anybody listening? The literature on the dialogical process of child sexual abuse disclosure reviewed","volume":"17","author":"Reitsema","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trauma, Violence, & Abuse"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-013-0230-x","article-title":"Adolescent perspectives on social support received in the aftermath of sexual abuse: A qualitative study","volume":"43","author":"Schonbucher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/car.2353","article-title":"The prevalence of child maltreatment across the globe: Review of a series of meta-analyses","volume":"24","author":"Stoltenborgh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Abuse Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2016.10.009","article-title":"Childhood disclosure of sexual abuse: Necessary but not necessarily sufficient","volume":"62","author":"Swingle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Abuse and Neglect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6402.2000.tb00208.x","article-title":"Psychometric characteristics of the Social Reactions Questionnaire: A measure of reactions to sexual assault victims","volume":"24","author":"Ullman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychology of Women Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1300\/J070v12n01_05","article-title":"Social reactions to child sexual abuse disclosures: A critical review","volume":"12","author":"Ullman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Child Sexual Abuse"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1300\/J070v16n01_02","article-title":"Relationship to perpetrator, disclosure, social reactions, and PTSD symptoms in child sexual abuse survivors","volume":"16","author":"Ullman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Child Sexual Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0210","series-title":"Talking about sexual assault: Society's response to survivors","first-page":"59","article-title":"Social reactions and their effects on survivors","author":"Ullman","year":"2010"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011125220522","article-title":"Predictors of PTSD symptom severity and social reactions in sexual assault victims","volume":"14","author":"Ullman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.21624","article-title":"Social reactions to sexual assault disclosure, coping, perceived control and PTSD symptoms in sexual assault victims","volume":"42","author":"Ullman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Community Psychology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"NP851","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260520918585","article-title":"A mixed-method process evaluation of an intervention to improve social reactions to disclosures of sexual assault and partner abuse","volume":"37","author":"Waterman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse &amp; Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213422000874?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213422000874?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T01:22:15Z","timestamp":1758936135000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213422000874"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S0145213422000874"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Reactions to the disclosure of intrafamilial childhood sexual abuse: Findings from the National Sexual Assault Online Hotline","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105567","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105567"}}