{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T02:21:07Z","timestamp":1793845267233,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,11]],"date-time":"2025-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746921600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":1045,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016220","name":"Georgia Clinical and Translational Science Alliance","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 TR002014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR002014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016220","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016596","name":"Penn State Clinical and Translational Science Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016596","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008321","name":"Pennsylvania State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50HD089922"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50HD089922"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse &amp; Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]],"date-time":"2022-05-11T06:32:30Z","timestamp":1652250750000},"page":"105666","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"special_numbering":"C","title":["An analysis of physicians' diagnostic reasoning regarding pediatric abusive head trauma"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Kent P.","family":"Hymel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen C.","family":"Boos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Armijo-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Musick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerri","family":"Weeks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne B.","family":"Haney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Marinello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce E.","family":"Herman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terra N.","family":"Frazier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher L.","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katelyn","family":"Even","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1002\/ams2.341","article-title":"Characteristics distinguishing abusive head trauma from accidental head trauma in infants with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage in Japan","volume":"5","author":"Amagasa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acute Medicine Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.3233\/PRM-190624","article-title":"Short term outcomes of children with abusive head trauma two years post injury: A retrospective study","volume":"13","author":"Badger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1080\/13638490410001715331","article-title":"The neurological outcome of non-accidental head injury","volume":"7","author":"Barlow","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatric Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e174","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2739","article-title":"Late neurologic and cognitive sequelae of inflicted traumatic brain injury in infancy","volume":"116","author":"Barlow","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.114.1.165","article-title":"Characteristics that distinguish accidental from abusive injury in hospitalized young children with head trauma","volume":"114","author":"Bechtel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666_bb0030","first-page":"268","article-title":"Odds of abuse associated with retinal hemorrhages in children suspected of child abuse","volume":"13","author":"Binenbaum","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021-051742","article-title":"Traumatic head injury and the diagnosis of abuse: A cluster analysis","volume":"149","author":"Boos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"Suppl. 4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S548","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-014-3169-8","article-title":"Long-term outcome of abusive head trauma","volume":"44","author":"Chevignard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatric Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1987.66.3.0409","article-title":"The shaken baby syndrome","volume":"66","author":"Duhaime","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104643","article-title":"Early developmental, behavioral, and quality of life outcomes following abusive head trauma in infants","volume":"108","author":"Eismann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Abuse Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s003810050006","article-title":"Acute neuroradiologic findings in young children with inflicted or noninflicted traumatic brain injury","volume":"16","author":"Ewing-Cobbs","year":"2000","journal-title":"Child\u2019s Nervous System"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-010-1175-x","article-title":"Shaken baby syndrome in Switzerland: Results of a prospective follow-up study, 2002\u20132007","volume":"169","author":"Fanconi","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.3.636","article-title":"The cause of infant and toddler subdural hemorrhage: A prospective study","volume":"108","author":"Feldman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-1329","article-title":"Validation of a clinical prediction rule for pediatric abusive head trauma","volume":"134","author":"Hymel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.055","article-title":"A cluster randomized trial to reduce missed abusive head trauma in pediatric intensive care settings","volume":"236","author":"Hymel","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.01.048","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic disparities and bias in the evaluation and reporting of abusive head trauma","volume":"198","author":"Hymel","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-3111","article-title":"Mechanisms, clinical presentations, injuries, and outcomes from inflicted versus noninflicted head trauma during infancy: Results of a prospective, multicentered, comparative study","volume":"119","author":"Hymel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.015","article-title":"Estimating the probability of abusive head trauma after abuse evaluation","volume":"88","author":"Hymel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Child Abuse Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e3182712b09","article-title":"Derivation of a clinical prediction rule for pediatric abusive head trauma","volume":"14","author":"Hymel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatric Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.7.621","article-title":"Analysis of missed cases of abusive head trauma","volume":"281","author":"Jenny","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2003-1020-L","article-title":"A population-based comparison of clinical and outcome characteristics of young children with serious inflicted and noninflicted traumatic brain injury","volume":"114","author":"Keenan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2014-306960","article-title":"Abusive head trauma and accidental head injury: A 20-year comparative study of referrals to a hospital child protection team","volume":"100","author":"Kelly","year":"2015","journal-title":"Archive of Disease in Childhood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2011-300630","article-title":"Neuroimaging: what neuroradiological features distinguish abusive from non-abusive head trauma: a systematic review","volume":"96","author":"Kemp","year":"2011","journal-title":"Archive of Disease in Childhood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2016.09.001","article-title":"Prior opportunities to identify abuse in children with abusive head trauma","volume":"60","author":"Letson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Abuse Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.08.001","article-title":"Extended follow-up of neurological, cognitive, behavioral and academic outcomes after severe abusive head trauma","volume":"51","author":"Lind","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Abuse Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13760","article-title":"Insufficient evidence for \u201cshaken baby syndrome\u201d \u2013 a systematic review","volume":"106","author":"Lynoe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e550","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2949","article-title":"Estimating the probability of abusive head trauma: A pooled analysis","volume":"128","author":"Maguire","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2003.tb00947.x","article-title":"Outcomes of infants and children with inflicted traumatic brain injury","volume":"45","author":"Makaroff","year":"2003","journal-title":"Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S163734","article-title":"Clinical comparison of ocular and systemic findings in diagnosed cases of abusive and non-abusive head trauma","volume":"12","author":"Morgan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.011","article-title":"Long-term impact of abusive head trauma in young children","volume":"85","author":"Nu\u00f1o","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Abuse Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-1545","article-title":"Clinical and radiographic characteristics associated with abusive and nonabusive head trauma: A systematic review","volume":"130","author":"Piteau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(02)00008-7","article-title":"Fatal child abuse-maltreatment syndrome a retrospective study in Ontario, Canada, 1990\u20131995","volume":"126","author":"Pollanen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Forensic Science International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666_bb0165","first-page":"11","article-title":"Childhood head injuries: Accidental or inflicted?","volume":"154","author":"Reece","year":"2000","journal-title":"Archives of Pediatrics Adolescent Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666_bb0170","series-title":"Traumatic shaking: The role of the triad in medical investigations of suspected traumatic shaking: A systematic review [Internet]","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-009-1048-7","article-title":"Confessed abuse versus witnessed accidents in infants: Comparison of clinical, radiological, and ophthalmological data in corroborated cases","volume":"26","author":"Vinchon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Child\u2019s Nervous System"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666_bb0180","first-page":"380","article-title":"Accidental and nonaccidental head injuries in infants: A prospective study","volume":"102","author":"Vinchon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15892","article-title":"Unsubstantiated belief in the diagnostic accuracy of the triad of abusive head trauma may lead to incorrect diagnoses of alleged abuse cases","volume":"111","author":"Wester","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-0031","article-title":"Disparities in the evaluation and diagnosis of abuse among infants with traumatic brain injury","volume":"126","author":"Wood","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106037","type":"addendum","label":"Addendum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000}}],"container-title":["Child Abuse &amp; Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213422001867?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213422001867?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T01:23:43Z","timestamp":1758936223000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213422001867"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S0145213422001867"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666","relation":{"addendum":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106037","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An analysis of physicians' diagnostic reasoning regarding pediatric abusive head trauma","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105666"}}