{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:38:43Z","timestamp":1787499523786,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761436800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":1060,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T13:30:15Z","timestamp":1666791015000},"page":"105917","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The association of subcortical brain injury and abusive head trauma"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Katelyn M.","family":"Even","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kent P.","family":"Hymel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Armijo-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Musick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerri","family":"Weeks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne B.","family":"Haney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Marinello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce E.","family":"Herman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terra N.","family":"Frazier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher L.","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menglu","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e683","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.6.e683","article-title":"Rates of pediatric injuries by 3-month intervals for children 0 to 3 years of age","volume":"111","author":"Agran","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0010","first-page":"724","article-title":"Incidence of impact trauma with cranial injuries ascribed to shaking","volume":"144","author":"Alexander","year":"1990","journal-title":"American Journal of Diseases of Children"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.114.1.165","article-title":"Characteristics that distinguish accidental from abusive injury in hospitalized young children with head trauma","volume":"114","author":"Bechtel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Methodological"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-200311000-00003","article-title":"Brain imaging as a predictor of early functional outcome following traumatic brain injury in children, adolescents, and young adults","volume":"18","author":"Blackman","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021-051742","article-title":"Traumatic head injury and the diagnosis of abuse: A cluster analysis","volume":"149","author":"Boos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-014-2959-3","article-title":"Imaging of spinal injury in abusive head trauma: A retrospective study","volume":"44","author":"Choudhary","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatric Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-0356","article-title":"The evaluation of suspected child physical abuse","volume":"135","author":"Christian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(06)61020-0","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury in infants: The phenomenon of subdural hemorrhage with hemispheric hypodensity (\u201cBig black Brain\u201d)","volume":"161","author":"Duhaime","year":"2007","journal-title":"Progress in Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.7.1290","article-title":"Neuropathology of inflicted head injury in children: I. Patterns of brain damage","volume":"124","author":"Geddes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.7.1299","article-title":"Neuropathology of inflicted head injury in children: II. Microscopic brain injury in infants","volume":"124","author":"Geddes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0060","series-title":"Pathophysiologic responses to rotational and translational accelerations of the head","author":"Gennarelli","year":"1972"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410120611","article-title":"Diffuse axonal injury and traumatic coma in the primate","volume":"12","author":"Gennarelli","year":"1982","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.70.3.350","article-title":"Depth of lesion model in children and adolescents with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: Use of SPGR MRI to predict severity and outcome","volume":"70","author":"Grados","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.3.602","article-title":"Can the initial history predict whether a child with a head injury has been abused?","volume":"111","author":"Hettler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-1329","article-title":"Validation of a clinical prediction rule for pediatric abusive head trauma","volume":"134","author":"Hymel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.055","article-title":"A cluster randomized trial to reduce missed abusive head trauma in pediatric intensive care settings","volume":"236","author":"Hymel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105666","article-title":"An analysis of physicians' diagnostic reasoning regarding pediatric abusive head trauma","volume":"129","author":"Hymel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2019.11.010","article-title":"Estimating the relevance of historical red flags in the diagnosis of abusive head trauma","volume":"218","author":"Hymel","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2133","article-title":"Head injury depth as an indicator of causes and mechanisms","volume":"125","author":"Hymel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e3182712b09","article-title":"Derivation of a clinical prediction rule for pediatric abusive head trauma","volume":"14","author":"Hymel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatric Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2006.0087","article-title":"Hypoxic-ischemic injury complicates inflicted and accidental traumatic brain injury in young children: The role of diffusion-weighted imaging","volume":"24","author":"Ichord","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-014-2874-7","article-title":"Usefulness of MRI detection of cervical spine and brain injuries in the evaluation of abusive head trauma","volume":"44","author":"Kadom","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatric Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.5.621","article-title":"A population-based study of inflicted traumatic brain injury in young children","volume":"290","author":"Keenan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0125","first-page":"155","article-title":"Shaken baby syndrome in Canada: Clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospital cases","volume":"168","author":"King","year":"2003","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1602\/neurorx.2.2.372","article-title":"Neuroimaging in traumatic brain imaging","volume":"2","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"NeuroRx"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1988.69.6.0861","article-title":"Relationship of depth of brain lesions to consciousness and outcome after closed head injury","volume":"69","author":"Levin","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0140","first-page":"432","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging in relation to functional outcome of pediatric closed head injury: A test of the Ommaya-Gennarelli model","volume":"40","author":"Levin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13760","article-title":"Insufficient evidence for \u2018shaken baby syndrome\u2019 \u2013 a systematic review","volume":"106","author":"Lyn\u00f8e","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e550","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2949","article-title":"Estimating the probability of abusive head trauma: A pooled analysis","volume":"128","author":"Maguire","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3168373","article-title":"An analytical model of traumatic diffuse brain injury","volume":"111","author":"Margulies","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanical Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(92)90231-O","article-title":"A proposed tolerance criterion for diffuse axonal injury in man","volume":"25","author":"Margulies","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(90)90029-3","article-title":"Physical model simulations of brain injury in the primate","volume":"23","author":"Margulies","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2007.00356.x","article-title":"Traumatic head injury in infants and toddlers","volume":"96","author":"Myhre","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/97.1.633","article-title":"Cerebral concussion and traumatic unconsciousness: Correlation of experimental and clinical observations on blunt head injuries","volume":"97","author":"Ommaya","year":"1974","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0180","series-title":"Pediatric abusive head trauma: Recommended definitions for public health surveillance and research2012Centers for Disease Control and Prevent","author":"Parks","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200012000-00016","article-title":"Outcome of patients with diffuse axonal injury: The significance and prognostic value of MRI in the acute phase","volume":"49","author":"Paterakis","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Trauma Inj. Infect. Crit. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.158.5.454","article-title":"Analysis of perpetrator admissions to inflicted traumatic brain injury in children","volume":"158","author":"Starling","year":"2004","journal-title":"Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0195","series-title":"Traumatic Shaking: The role of the triad in medical investigations of suspected traumatic shaking: A systematic review [Internet]","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-009-1048-7","article-title":"Confessed abuse versus witness accidents in infants: Comparison of clinical, radiological, and ophthalmological data in corroborated cases.","volume":"26","author":"Vinchon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Child\u2019s Nervous System"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0205","series-title":"2011 IRCOBI Conference Proceedings - International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury","article-title":"Mathematical modeling of diffuse brain injury: Correlations of foci and severity of brain strain with clinical symptoms and pathology","author":"Zhang","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917_bb0210","series-title":"Mathematical modeling of cerebral concussion: Correlations of regional brain strain with clinical symptoms","author":"Zhang","year":"2008"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213422004513?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213422004513?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T01:30:04Z","timestamp":1758936604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213422004513"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S0145213422004513"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The association of subcortical brain injury and abusive head trauma","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105917","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105917"}}