{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T22:54:04Z","timestamp":1793228044194,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]],"date-time":"2022-12-26T06:02:00Z","timestamp":1672034520000},"page":"105998","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Identification of red flag child sexual grooming behaviors"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth L.","family":"Jeglic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgia M.","family":"Winters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin N.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998_bb0005","series-title":"National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS): 2010 Summary Report","author":"Basile","year":"2011"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998_bb9005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2014.960632","article-title":"The construct of grooming in child sexual abuse: Conceptual and measurement issues","volume":"23","author":"Bennett","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Child Sexual Abuse: Research, Treatment, & Program Innovations for Victims, Survivors, & Offenders"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998_bb9010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1080\/09585189808405372","article-title":"Paedophilia: Pathology, criminality, or both? The development of a multivariate model of offence behaviour in child sexual abuse","volume":"9","author":"Canter","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Forensic Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998_bb0015","series-title":"Preventing sexual violence where it most often occurs: An investigation of the situational and structural components of child sexual abuse in residential settings","author":"Colombino","year":"2017"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854816658923","article-title":"The proportion of sexual offenders who are female is higher than thought: A meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Cortoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Criminal Justice and Behavior"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998_bb9015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1080\/13552600601069414","article-title":"Sexual grooming of children: Review of literature and theoretical considerations","volume":"12","author":"Craven","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Sexual Aggression"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(95)00017-3","article-title":"Child sexual abuse prevention: What offenders tell us","volume":"19","author":"Elliott","year":"1995","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998_bb0030","series-title":"Child sexual abuse: New theory and research","author":"Finkelhor","year":"1984"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1177\/088626086001001004","article-title":"Risk factors for child sexual abuse","volume":"1","author":"Finkelhor","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998_bb0040","series-title":"Juveniles who commit sexual offenses","author":"Finkelhor","year":"2009"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(96)00126-3","article-title":"A study of potential risk factors for sexual abuse in childhood","volume":"21","author":"Fleming","year":"1997","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.2307\/2648063","article-title":"The leveling of divorce in the United States","volume":"36","author":"Goldstein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Demography"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/cdep.12307","article-title":"Trauma and long-term memory for childhood events: Impact matters","volume":"13","author":"Goodman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Child Development Perspectives"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998_bb0065","author":"Gray"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998_bb9020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01542377","article-title":"Adult sexual orientation and attraction to underage persons","volume":"7","author":"Groth","year":"1978","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370905400908","article-title":"Prevalence of childhood sexual abuse and timing of disclosure in a representative sample of adults from Quebec","volume":"54","author":"H\u00e9bert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998_bb9025","series-title":"C. Protecting your child from sexual abuse: What you need to know to keep your kids safe","author":"Jeglic","year":"2018"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2021.1994505","article-title":"Exploring sexual grooming in female perpetrated child sexual abuse","volume":"31","author":"Kaylor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Child Sexual Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998_bb9030","series-title":"Child molesters: A behavioral analysis","author":"Lanning","year":"2010"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1177\/0964663906066613","article-title":"\u2018Setting\u2019Em Up\u2019: Personal, familial and institutional grooming in the sexual abuse of children","volume":"15","author":"McAlinden","year":"2006","journal-title":"Social & Legal Studies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998_bb0090","series-title":"'Grooming'and the Sexual Abuse of Children: Institutional, Internet and Familial Dimensions","author":"McAlinden","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998_bb9035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbef.2017.12.004","article-title":"Prolific.ac\u2014A subject pool for online experiments","volume":"17","author":"Palan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559501006004001","article-title":"Are father surrogates a risk factor for child maltreatment?","volume":"6","author":"Radhakrishna","year":"2001","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998_bb0100","author":"RAINN"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-019-00982-8","article-title":"The effects of youth mentoring programs: A meta-analysis of outcome studies","volume":"48","author":"Raposa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838016675478","article-title":"Reviewing the focus: A summary and critique of child-focused sexual abuse prevention","volume":"19","author":"Rudolph","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trauma, Violence & Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998_bb0115","series-title":"Preventing child sexual abuse within youth-serving organizations: Getting started on policies and procedures","author":"Saul","year":"2007"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998_bb9055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2022.2123755","article-title":"Retrospective perceptions of grooming in same-sex versus opposite-sex child sexual abuse","volume":"31","author":"Spenard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Child Sexual Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998_bb9040","series-title":"Identifying child molesters: Preventing child sexual abuse by recognizing the patterns of the offenders","author":"van Dam","year":"2001"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559507312962","article-title":"How do high-risk youth use the Internet? Characteristics and implications for prevention","volume":"13","author":"Wells","year":"2008","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2015.1108945","article-title":"I knew it all along: The sexual grooming behaviors of child molesters and the hindsight bias","volume":"25","author":"Winters","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Child Sexual Abuse"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1080\/01639625.2016.1197656","article-title":"Stages of sexual grooming: Recognizing potentially predatory behaviors of child molesters","volume":"38","author":"Winters","year":"2017","journal-title":"Deviant Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998_bb0140","article-title":"The sexual grooming scale-victim version: The development and pilot testing of a measure to assess the nature and extent of child sexual grooming","volume":"1\u201322","author":"Winters","year":"2021","journal-title":"Victims & Offenders"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2020.1801935","article-title":"Validation of the sexual grooming model of child sexual abusers","volume":"29","author":"Winters","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Child Sexual Abuse"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998_bb9045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1177\/10790632211070803","article-title":"The prevalence of sexual grooming behaviors in a large sample of clergy","volume":"34","author":"Winters","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sexual Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998_bb9050","first-page":"1","article-title":"Toward a universal definition of child sexual grooming","volume":"1-13","author":"Winters","year":"2021","journal-title":"Deviant Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998_bb0150","series-title":"Understanding and addressing violence against women: Intimate partner violence (No. WHO\/RHR\/12.36)","year":"2012"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213422005324?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213422005324?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T01:24:32Z","timestamp":1758936272000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213422005324"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S0145213422005324"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Identification of red flag child sexual grooming behaviors","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105998","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105998"}}