{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T01:29:12Z","timestamp":1793496552016,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005289","name":"National Institute of Justice","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R2CX0015 2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R2CX0015 2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse &amp; Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T17:05:53Z","timestamp":1673975153000},"page":"106020","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Which dynamics make online child sexual abuse and cyberstalking more emotionally impactful: Perpetrator identity and images?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Finkelhor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deirdre","family":"Colburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260503259053","article-title":"Differences in trauma symptoms and family functioning in intra-and extrafamilial sexually abused adolescents","volume":"19","author":"Bal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801204274339","article-title":"Trauma exposure and sexual revictimization risk: Comparisons across single, multiple incident, and multiple perpetrator victimizations","volume":"11","author":"Casey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Violence Against Women"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0015","author":"Davidson"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0020","series-title":"Disrupting Harm in Uganda: Evidence on online child sexual exploitation and abuse: Global partnership to end violence against children","author":"ECPAT","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0025","series-title":"Disrupting harm in Ethiopia: Evidence on online child sexual exploitation and abuse: Global partnership to end violence against children","author":"ECPAT","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0030","series-title":"Disrupting harm in Tanzania: Evidence on online child sexual exploitation and abuse: Global partnership to end violence against children","author":"ECPAT","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0035","series-title":"Disrupting harm in Thailand: Evidence on online child sexual exploitation and abuse: Global partnership to end violence against children","author":"ECPAT","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-1029","article-title":"Longitudinal associations between teen dating violence victimization and adverse health outcomes","volume":"131","author":"Exner-Cortens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.11.001","article-title":"The juvenile victimization questionnaire: Reliability, validity, and national norms","volume":"29","author":"Finkelhor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Child Abuse and Neglect"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.34471","article-title":"The prevalence of online sexual offenses against children in the US","volume":"5","author":"Finkelhor","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Open Network"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/s12103-019-09489-1","article-title":"The aftermath of cyberstalking: School, work, social, and health costs of victimization","volume":"45","author":"Fissel","year":"2020","journal-title":"American Journal of Criminal Justice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0065","author":"French"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1300\/J229v06n03_04","article-title":"Betrayal trauma: Relationship to physical health, psychological distress, and a written disclosure intervention","volume":"6","author":"Freyd","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559519873975","article-title":"Sexual abuse and assault in a large national sample of children and adolescents","volume":"25","author":"Gewirtz-Meydan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104189","article-title":"Psychopathology among adult survivors of child pornography","volume":"98","author":"Gewirtz-Meydan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.03.031","article-title":"The complex experience of child pornography survivors","volume":"80","author":"Gewirtz-Meydan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.105451","article-title":"Technology assisted child sexual abuse in the UK: Young people\u2019s views on the impact of online sexual abuse","volume":"119","author":"Hamilton-Giachritsis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0095","series-title":"Online risk to children: Impact, protection and prevention","first-page":"97","article-title":"The impact of online sexual abuse on children and young people","author":"Hanson","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0100","series-title":"Image-Based Sexual Abuse: A study on the causes and consequences of non-consensual nude or sexual imagery","author":"Henry","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000854","article-title":"Digital sextortion: Internet predators and pediatric interventions","volume":"32","author":"Hong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0110","series-title":"Online child sexual exploitation and abuse in Canada: A statistical profile of police-reported incidents and court charges, 2014 to 2020","first-page":"1","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0115","series-title":"A smart kid s guide to avoiding online predators","author":"Jakubiak","year":"2009"},{"issue":"3432","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0120","article-title":"\u201cAll of me is completely different\u201d: Experiences and consequences among victims of technology-assisted child sexual abuse","volume":"11","author":"Joleby","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0125","series-title":"The internet is overrun with images of child sexual abuse. What went wrong","author":"Keller","year":"2019"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00165-0","article-title":"Adult mental health consequences of peer bullying and maltreatment in childhood: Two cohorts in two countries","volume":"2","author":"Lereya","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1080\/0145935X.2015.1092832","article-title":"Conceptualizing the harms done to children made the subjects of sexual abuse images online","volume":"36","author":"Martin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child & Youth Services"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000022","article-title":"Betray my trust, shame on me: Shame, dissociation, fear, and betrayal trauma","volume":"7","author":"Platt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000171","article-title":"Quasi-experimental evidence on short-and long-term consequences of bullying victimization: A meta-analysis","volume":"144","author":"Schoeler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0150","series-title":"Image-based sexual abuse among Australian youths: The experiences and perspectives of victims, perpetrators and bystanders interpersonal violence against children and youth","first-page":"85","author":"Scott","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e232","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-2663","article-title":"The lifelong effects of early childhood adversity and toxic stress","volume":"129","author":"Shonkoff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0160","series-title":"The dangers of online predators","author":"Sommers","year":"2008"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025765","article-title":"Betrayal trauma and gender differences in posttraumatic stress","volume":"4","author":"Tang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2009.11.012","article-title":"Poly-victimization in a national sample of children and youth","volume":"38","author":"Turner","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1037\/spq0000058","article-title":"Beyond bullying: Aggravating elements of peer victimization episodes","volume":"30","author":"Turner","year":"2015","journal-title":"School Psychology Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1300\/J070v16n01_02","article-title":"Relationship to perpetrator, disclosure, social reactions, and PTSD symptoms in child sexual abuse survivors","volume":"16","author":"Ullman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Child Sexual Abuse"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18052597","article-title":"How are consensual, non-consensual, and pressured sexting linked to depression and self-harm? The moderating effects of demographic variables","volume":"18","author":"Wachs","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.63.2.111","article-title":"Online 'predators' and their victims: Myths, realities, and implications for prevention and treatment","volume":"63","author":"Wolak","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2017.08.014","article-title":"Sextortion of minors: Characteristics and dynamics","volume":"62","author":"Wolak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020_bb0055","series-title":"What works to prevent violence against children online?","year":"2022"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse &amp; Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213423000017?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213423000017?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T18:45:07Z","timestamp":1777488307000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213423000017"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S0145213423000017"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Which dynamics make online child sexual abuse and cyberstalking more emotionally impactful: Perpetrator identity and images?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106020","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106020"}}