{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T21:15:43Z","timestamp":1789074943459,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001773","name":"University of New South Wales","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001773","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008016","name":"Financial Markets Foundation for Children","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001774","name":"University of Sydney","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100021147","name":"Colorado Division of Criminal Justice","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100021147","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T22:05:59Z","timestamp":1683237959000},"page":"106196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Developmental trajectories of socio-emotional outcomes of children and young people in out-of-home care \u2013 Insights from data of Pathways of Care Longitudinal Study (POCLS)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"149","author":[{"given":"Nan","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yalemzewod Assefa","family":"Gelaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilan","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Falster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Hanly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.J.","family":"Newton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Stephensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Hotton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Zwi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raghu","family":"Lingam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0005","first-page":"265","article-title":"The Child Behavior Checklist and related forms for assessing behavioral\/emotional problems and competencies","volume":"21","author":"Achenbach","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0010","series-title":"Social and emotional wellbeing: Development of a Children's Headline Indicator. Cat. no. PHE 158","author":"AIHW","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2017.06.004","article-title":"What are the factors associated with educational achievement for children in kinship or foster care: A systematic review","volume":"79","author":"Apos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0020","series-title":"Personal Income in Australia: Key statistics for the 2011-12 to 2016-17 financial years","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0025","series-title":"Child protection Australia 2019\u201320. Child welfare series no. 74. Cat. no. CWS 78","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.03.018","article-title":"\"There are carers, and then there are carers who actually care\"; conceptualizations of care among looked after children and care leavers, social workers and carers","volume":"92","author":"Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0035","series-title":"Children and young people from non-English speaking backgrounds in out-of-home care in NSW","author":"Burke","year":"2008"},{"issue":"89","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0040","first-page":"31","article-title":"The link between child maltreatment and adolescent offending: Systems neglect of adolescents","author":"Cashmore","year":"2011","journal-title":"Family Matters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0045","series-title":"Children's family relationships in out-of-home care: Pathways of care longitudinal study: Outcomes of children and young people in out-of-home care. (Research report number 9)","author":"Cashmore","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0050","series-title":"In our own words, Systemic inquiry into the lived experience of children and young people in the Victorian out-of-home care system","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0055","series-title":"Examining the influence of social support on the relationship between child behavior problems and foster parent satisfaction and challenges. Paper presented at the Child & Youth Care Forum","author":"Cooley","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1002\/berj.3252","article-title":"Systematic review of educational interventions for looked-after children and young people: recommendations for intervention development and evaluation","volume":"43","author":"Evans","year":"2017","journal-title":"British Educational Research Journal"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1093\/bjsw\/bcm028","article-title":"Unravelling emotional, behavioural and educational outcomes in a longitudinal study of children in foster-care","volume":"38","author":"Fernandez","year":"2007","journal-title":"The British Journal of Social Work"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0070","series-title":"Promoting resilience in child welfare","first-page":"131","article-title":"Growing up in care: Resilience and care outcomes","author":"Fernandez","year":"2006"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024870","article-title":"What factors are associated with resilient outcomes in children exposed to social adversity? A systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Gartland","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"9657","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61706-7","article-title":"Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries","volume":"373","author":"Gilbert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0085","series-title":"Foster parent stress as key factor relating to foster children's mental health: A 1-year prospective longitudinal study. Paper presented at the Child & Youth Care Forum","author":"Goemans","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559516657637","article-title":"Developmental outcomes of foster children: A meta-analytic comparison with children from the general population and children at risk who remained at home","volume":"21","author":"Goemans","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.02.003","article-title":"Over three decades of longitudinal research on the development of foster children: A meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"Goemans","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0100","article-title":"Kinship care and child protection in high-income countries: A scoping review","author":"Hallett","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trauma, Violence, & Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.03.012","article-title":"The impact of child maltreatment on the risk of deliberate self-harm among adolescents: a population-wide cohort study using linked administrative records","volume":"67","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0110","series-title":"\u201cOut in the world with no-one\u201d: A qualitative study of housing pathways of young people who have recently left state out-of-home care","author":"Johnson","year":"2011"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124113503141","article-title":"A note on a Stata plugin for estimating group-based trajectory models","volume":"42","author":"Jones","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sociological Methods & Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.2.184","article-title":"Screening for serious mental illness in the general population","volume":"60","author":"Kessler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.42.4.627","article-title":"Responsive parenting: Establishing early foundations for social, communication, and independent problem-solving skills","volume":"42","author":"Landry","year":"2006","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0130","series-title":"Key findings from the second Australian Child and Adolescent Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing","first-page":"876","volume":"50(9)","author":"Lawrence","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/1753-2000-7-39","article-title":"Mental disorders in foster children: A study of prevalence, comorbidity and risk factors","volume":"7","author":"Lehmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2013.10.014","article-title":"The impact of repeated maltreatment on behavioral trajectories from early childhood to early adolescence","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0145","series-title":"Literature review: Factors influencing the outcomes of children and young people in out-of-home care. Pathways of care longitudinal study: Outcomes of children and young people in out-of-home care. Research report number 6","author":"McHugh","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.006","article-title":"Burden attributable to child maltreatment in Australia","volume":"48","author":"Moore","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0155","series-title":"Group-based modeling of development","author":"Nagin","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0160","series-title":"Measuring child developmental outcomes: approaches and methods","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0165","series-title":"Study design and data user guide. Pathways of care longitudinal study: Outcomes of children and young people in out-of-home care (Technical report number 2.)","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0170","series-title":"Study design and data user guide. Pathways of care longitudinal study: Outcomes of children and young people in out-of-home care","year":"2020"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2013.05.001","article-title":"What do child characteristics contribute to outcomes from care: A PRISMA review","volume":"35","author":"Pritchett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-017-9933-4","article-title":"The importance of the caregiver and adolescent relationship for mental health outcomes among youth in foster care","volume":"33","author":"Rayburn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Family Violence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.05.004","article-title":"Resilience in young children involved with child protective services","volume":"75","author":"Sattler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2206.2010.00741.x","article-title":"Contact between children in out-of-home placements and their family and friends networks: A research review","volume":"16","author":"Sen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Child & Family Social Work"},{"issue":"10078","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30045-4","article-title":"Child-to-adult neurodevelopmental and mental health trajectories after early life deprivation: The young adult follow-up of the longitudinal English and Romanian Adoptees study","volume":"389","author":"Sonuga-Barke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0205","author":"Fuller"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e32830321fa","article-title":"The mental health of children in out-of-home care","volume":"21","author":"Tarren-Sweeney","year":"2008","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1177\/2516103219874810","article-title":"A narrative review of stability and change in the mental health of children who grow up in family-based out-of-home care","volume":"1","author":"Tarren-Sweeney","year":"2019","journal-title":"Developmental Child Welfare"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1177\/2516103219874810","article-title":"A narrative review of stability and change in the mental health of children who grow up in family-based out-of-home care","volume":"1","author":"Tarren-Sweeney","year":"2019","journal-title":"Developmental Child Welfare"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0230","series-title":"Literature review: Factors influencing the outcomes of children and young people in out-of-home care","author":"Walsh","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0235","series-title":"Interventions in out-of-home-care: An updated evidence and gap map","author":"Watt","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0240","series-title":"Influence of placement stability on developmental outcomes of children and young people in out-of-home care","volume":"21","author":"Wells","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1177\/1049731515620843","article-title":"Systematic review of kinship care effects on safety, permanency, and well-being outcomes","volume":"28","author":"Winokur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Research on Social Work Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0250","series-title":"Placement changes among children and young people in out-of-home care. Pathways of care longitudinal study: Outcomes of children and young people in out-of-home care. Research report number 8","author":"Wulczyn","year":"2017"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh090","article-title":"A modified Poisson regression approach to prospective studies with binary data","volume":"159","author":"Zou","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107661","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000}}],"container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213423001771?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213423001771?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T08:33:44Z","timestamp":1762936424000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213423001771"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S0145213423001771"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Developmental trajectories of socio-emotional outcomes of children and young people in out-of-home care \u2013 Insights from data of Pathways of Care Longitudinal Study (POCLS)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106196","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106196"}}