{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,13]],"date-time":"2026-11-13T16:52:35Z","timestamp":1794588755781,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FDN - 148376"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FDN - 148376"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T18:02:03Z","timestamp":1685642523000},"page":"106242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Overcoming the soul wound: Reflecting on experiences and resilience of intergenerational residential school survivors"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"Sherri D.","family":"Pooyak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicky","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Earl W.","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Laliberte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Jongbloed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richa","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia M.","family":"Spittal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margo E.","family":"Pearce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0005","author":"Bellamy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0010","author":"Bellamy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0015","author":"Bellamy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(02)00081-3","article-title":"In search of a healing place: Aboriginal women in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside","volume":"56","author":"Benoit","year":"2003","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine (1982)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0025","series-title":"Child welfare: Connecting research, policy and practice","first-page":"331","article-title":"First Nations child and family services: Restoring peace and harmony in First Nations communities","author":"Blackstock","year":"2003"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0030","first-page":"71","article-title":"Are residential schools closed or have they just morphed into child welfare?","volume":"6","author":"Blackstock","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indigenous Law Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0035","series-title":"From truth to reconciliation, transforming the legacy of residential schools","first-page":"165","article-title":"Reconciliation means no saying sorry twice: Lessons from child welfare in Canada","author":"Blackstock","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.7202\/1040049ar","article-title":"The complainant: The Canadian human rights case on first nations child welfare","volume":"62","author":"Blackstock","year":"2016","journal-title":"McGill Law Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1177\/1363461511410240","article-title":"The impact of stressors on second generation Indian Residential School survivors","volume":"48","author":"Bombay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transcultural Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1177\/1363461513503380","article-title":"The intergenerational effects of Indian Residential Schools: Implications for the concept of historical trauma","volume":"51","author":"Bombay","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transcultural Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0055","first-page":"7","article-title":"Reflections on identity and empowerment recurring themes in the discourse on and with aboriginal youth","volume":"10","author":"Brant Castellano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Horizons: Policy Research Initiative"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2011.628913","article-title":"Historical trauma among Indigenous Peoples of the Americas: Concepts, research, and clinical considerations","volume":"43","author":"Brave Heart","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Psychoactive Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-016-1707-9","article-title":"Enhancing health care equity with Indigenous populations: Evidence-based strategies from an ethnographic study","volume":"16","author":"Browne","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Health Services Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/h5010014","article-title":"Shock and awe: Trauma as the new colonial frontier","volume":"15","author":"Clark","year":"2016","journal-title":"Humanities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0075","series-title":"International handbook of multigenerational legacies of trauma","first-page":"341","article-title":"Healing the American Indian soul wound","author":"Duran","year":"1998"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260507312290","article-title":"Historical trauma in American Indian\/Native Alaska communities: A multilevel framework for exploring impacts on individuals, families, and communities","volume":"23","author":"Evans-Campbell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0085","first-page":"7","article-title":"Resilience, an evolving concept: A review of literature relevant to aboriginal research","volume":"6","author":"Fleming","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pimatisiwin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.60082\/0829-3929.1302","article-title":"Reimagining the Child Welfare System","volume":"28","author":"Foster","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Law and Social Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0095","first-page":"60","article-title":"The spirit of indigenous youth: The resilience and self-determination in connecting to the spirit and ways of knowing","volume":"2","author":"Freeman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Indigenous Wellbeing: Te Mauri - Pimatisiwin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0100","author":"Ginwright"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732312450324","article-title":"\u201cWe\u2019re still in a struggle\u201d: Dine resilience, survival, historical trauma, and healing","volume":"22","author":"Goodkind","year":"2012","journal-title":"Qualitative Health Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0110","author":"Haskell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henderson, E. W. (2014, July 14). [Personal communication].","DOI":"10.3727\/109830414X14133839512541"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0120","series-title":"Researching within relations of violence: Witnessing as methodology","author":"Hunt","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0125","series-title":"Colonizing bodies: Aboriginal health and healing in British Columbia, 1900\u201350","author":"Kelm","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0130","series-title":"Healing traditions: The mental health of aboriginal peoples in Canada","first-page":"440","article-title":"Conclusion: Healing\/invention\/tradition","author":"Kirmayer","year":"2009"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371105600203","article-title":"Rethinking resilience from indigenous perspectives","volume":"56","author":"Kirmayer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1038-5282.2003.02010.x","article-title":"Healing traditions: Culture, community and mental health promotion with Canadian Aboriginal peoples","volume":"11","author":"Kirmayer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Australian Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0145","first-page":"4","article-title":"From woundedness to resilience: A critical review from an aboriginal perspective","volume":"3","author":"Lavallee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Aboriginal Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0150","series-title":"Therapeutic nations: Healing in an age of Indigenous human rights","author":"Million","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0155","first-page":"14","article-title":"Healing the generations: Post-traumatic stress and the health status of aboriginal populations in Canada","volume":"2","author":"Mitchell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Aboriginal Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s40653-016-0117-9","article-title":"Hidden burdens: A review of intergenerational, historical and complex trauma, implications for indigenous families","volume":"11","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0165","series-title":"Paper presented at the 20th IPSCAN International Conference on Child Abuse and Neglect, Nagoya, Japan","article-title":"The Cedar Project: Understanding the continuing effects of childhood maltreatment on HIV risk among young Indigenous people who use drugs in three Canadian cities","author":"Pearce","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2417-7","article-title":"The Cedar Project: Resilience in the face of HIV vulnerability within a cohort study involving young Indigenous people who use drugs in three Canadian cities","volume":"15","author":"Pearce","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0175","first-page":"18","article-title":"Investigating M\u0101ori approaches to trauma-informed care","volume":"2","author":"Pihama","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Indigenous Wellbeing: Te Mauri - Pimatisiwin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb9000","series-title":"NVivo","author":"QSR International Pty Ltd.","year":"2014"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0252993","article-title":"The Cedar Project: Relationship between child apprehension and attempted suicide among young Indigenous mothers impacted by substance use in two Canadian cities","volume":"16","author":"Ritland","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0185","article-title":"Cedar Project: Conducting health research with indigenous peoples in a good way","volume":"5","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"KULA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.7202\/1069527ar","article-title":"Identity lost and found: Lessons from the sixties scoop","volume":"3","author":"Sinclair","year":"2016","journal-title":"First Peoples Child and Family Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.7202\/1082333ar","article-title":"The Indigenous child removal system in Canada: An examination of legal decision-making and racial bias","volume":"11","author":"Sinclair","year":"2016","journal-title":"First Peoples Child and Family Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18584\/iipj.2021.12.1.10818","article-title":"A review of literature on the involvement of children from Indigenous communities in the Anglo child welfare systems: 1973\u20132018","volume":"12","author":"Sinha","year":"2021","journal-title":"The International Indigenous Policy Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0210","first-page":"93","article-title":"A conceptual model of historical trauma: Implications for public health practice and research","volume":"1","author":"Sotero","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.3402\/ijch.v66i3.18259","article-title":"The Cedar Project: Prevalence and correlates of HIV infection among young Aboriginal people who use drugs in two Canadian cities","volume":"66","author":"Spittal","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Circumpolar Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732307307031","article-title":"Choose your method: A comparison of phenomenology, discourse analysis, and grounded theory","volume":"17","author":"Starks","year":"2007","journal-title":"Qualitative Health Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0225","series-title":"Canada\u2019s Residential Schools: The Legacy: The Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada","first-page":"11","article-title":"Child welfare: A system in crisis","volume":"5","author":"Truth and Reconciliation Commission Canada","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0230","author":"Truth and Reconciliation Commission Canada"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1093\/bjsw\/bcl343","article-title":"Resilience across cultures","volume":"38","author":"Ungar","year":"2008","journal-title":"British Journal of Social Work"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5820\/aian.1603.2009.16","article-title":"Depressed affect and historical loss among North American indigenous adolescents","volume":"16","author":"Whitbeck","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s40985-017-0055-6","article-title":"Residential schools and the effects on indigenous health and well-being in Canada-a scoping review","volume":"38","author":"Wilk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Public Health Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242_bb0250","first-page":"7","article-title":"The historical trauma response among natives and its relationship with substance abuse: A Lakota illustration","volume":"35","author":"Yellow Horse Brave Heart","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Pychoactive Drugs"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213423002235?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213423002235?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T01:26:53Z","timestamp":1758936413000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213423002235"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S0145213423002235"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Overcoming the soul wound: Reflecting on experiences and resilience of intergenerational residential school survivors","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106242","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106242"}}