{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T21:46:43Z","timestamp":1792014403190,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006928","name":"The Ohio State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006928","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T05:10:55Z","timestamp":1697260255000},"page":"106501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The neighborhood deprivation gradient and child physical abuse and neglect: A Bayesian spatial model"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Gia Elise","family":"Barboza-Salerno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0005","author":"Annie E. Casey Foundation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260516639583","article-title":"The geography of child maltreatment: A spatiotemporal analysis using Bayesian hierarchical analysis with integrated nested laplace approximation","volume":"34","author":"Barboza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104472","article-title":"Variability and stability in child maltreatment risk across time and space and its association with neighborhood social & housing vulnerability in New Mexico: A bayesian space-time model","volume":"104","author":"Barboza-Salerno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.10816","article-title":"Methodologic issues and approaches to spatial epidemiology","volume":"116","author":"Beale","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1080\/07418825.2019.1584326","article-title":"Childhood material hardship and externalizing behavior","volume":"38","author":"Bellair","year":"2021","journal-title":"Justice Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb7015","series-title":"Neighborhoods, communities and child maltreatment: A global perspective","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-93096-7_4","article-title":"Racism and the racialization of US neighborhoods: Impacts on child maltreatment and child maltreatment reporting","author":"Berg","year":"2022"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1080\/10618600.1998.10474787","article-title":"General methods for monitoring convergence of iterative simulations","volume":"7","author":"Brooks","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0035","unstructured":"Bywaters, P. (n.d.). The child welfare inequalities project: Final report."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/cfs.12154","article-title":"Child welfare inequalities: New evidence, further questions","volume":"21","author":"Bywaters","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child & Family Social Work"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838020939136","article-title":"Association of Housing Stress with Child Maltreatment: A systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Chandler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trauma, Violence, & Abuse"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.2307\/1131646","article-title":"Community level factors and child maltreatment rates","volume":"66","author":"Coulton","year":"1995","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2022.106595","article-title":"Born into care: Associations between area-level deprivation and the rates of children entering care proceedings in Wales","volume":"141","author":"Doebler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(96)00091-9","article-title":"Understanding the relationship between neighborhood poverty and specific types of child maltreatment","volume":"20","author":"Drake","year":"1996","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-1707","article-title":"Income inequality and child maltreatment in the United States","volume":"133","author":"Eckenrode","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.06.017","article-title":"US-based indices of area-level deprivation: Results from HealthCare for communities","volume":"62","author":"Eibner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.01.014","article-title":"Neighborhood inequality in the prevalence of reported and substantiated child maltreatment","volume":"90","author":"Fong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-011-9377-3","article-title":"Neighborhood deprivation, supermarket availability, and BMI in low-income women: A multilevel analysis","volume":"36","author":"Ford","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Community Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2004.02.022","article-title":"A spatial analysis of social disorganization, alcohol access, and rates of child maltreatment in neighborhoods","volume":"26","author":"Freisthler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559507300107","article-title":"Exploring the spatial dynamics of alcohol outlets and child protective services referrals, substantiations, and foster care entries","volume":"12","author":"Freisthler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000057043.04199.B7","article-title":"Evaluating alcohol access and the alcohol environment in neighborhood areas","volume":"27","author":"Freisthler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0100","series-title":"The processes that moderate the effect of community structural factors on neighborhood child maltreatment rates","author":"Fromm","year":"2004"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.2307\/1129606","article-title":"High-risk neighborhoods and high-risk families: The human ecology of child maltreatment","volume":"51","author":"Garbarino","year":"1980","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0110","first-page":"457","article-title":"Inference from iterative simulation using multiple sequences","author":"Gelman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Statistical Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s12942-017-0111-y","article-title":"Mapping child maltreatment risk: A 12-year spatio-temporal analysis of neighborhood influences","volume":"16","author":"Gracia","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Health Geographics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.018","article-title":"Child obesity associated with social disadvantage of children\u2019s neighborhoods","volume":"71","author":"Greves Grow","year":"2010","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2003.12.005","article-title":"Defining maltreatment according to substantiation: Distinction without a difference?","volume":"29","author":"Hussey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx280","article-title":"Child maltreatment risk as a function of poverty and race\/ethnicity in the USA","volume":"47","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1802313","article-title":"Making neighborhood-disadvantage metrics accessible\u2014The neighborhood atlas","volume":"378","author":"Kind","year":"2018","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2014.03.009","article-title":"Neighborhood racial & ethnic diversity as a predictor of child welfare system involvement","volume":"41","author":"Klein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1111\/ciso.12093","article-title":"Processes of racialization in New York city\u2019s child welfare system","volume":"28","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"City & Society"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1093\/swr\/18.2.67","article-title":"Substantiated and unsubstantiated cases of child maltreatment: Do their consequences differ?","volume":"18","author":"Leiter","year":"1994","journal-title":"Social Work Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104477","article-title":"Disadvantaged neighborhoods and the spatial overlap of substantiated and unsubstantiated child maltreatment referrals","volume":"104","author":"Marco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0160","series-title":"Disease mapping: From foundations to multidimensional modeling","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Beneito","year":"2019"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559502250822","article-title":"A multilevel study of neighborhoods and parent-to-child physical aggression: Results from the project on human development in Chicago neighborhoods","volume":"8","author":"Molnar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.11.007","article-title":"Neighborhood-level social processes and substantiated cases of child maltreatment","volume":"51","author":"Molnar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0175","series-title":"Measures of material hardship","author":"Ouellette","year":"2004"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13442-z","article-title":"Associations between neighborhood built, social, or toxicant conditions and child externalizing behaviors in the Detroit metro area: A cross-sectional study of the neighborhood \u2018exposome\u2019","volume":"22","author":"Pearson","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2020.07.014","article-title":"The effect of neighborhood area deprivation index on residential burn injury severity","volume":"47","author":"Purcell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Burns"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0190","first-page":"581","article-title":"The contingent meaning of neighborhood stability for residents\u2019 psychological well-being","volume":"65","author":"Ross","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Sociological Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0195","series-title":"The color of law: A forgotten history of how our government segregated","author":"Rothstein","year":"2017"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.93.7.1137","article-title":"Area deprivation and widening inequalities in US mortality, 1969\u20131998","volume":"93","author":"Singh","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(22)00252-8","article-title":"The cost-of-living crisis, poverty, and child maltreatment","volume":"7","author":"Skinner","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2008.05.028","article-title":"Small area inequalities in health: Are we underestimating them?","volume":"67","author":"Stafford","year":"2008","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1177\/10775595211070248","article-title":"Inequities in child protective services contact between black and white children","volume":"28","author":"Thomas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb7010","author":"U.S. Census Bureau"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb7025","author":"U.S. Census Bureau"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb7005","author":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.104849","article-title":"Untangling child welfare inequalities and the \u2018inverse intervention law\u2019 in England","volume":"111","author":"Webb","year":"2020","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.009","article-title":"The effect of material hardship on child protective service involvement","volume":"41","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0230","series-title":"Spatial analysis of substantiated child maltreatment in Metro Atlanta, Georgia","author":"Zhou","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00978275","article-title":"Residential density and urban child maltreatment: An aggregate analysis","volume":"1","author":"Zuravin","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Family Violence"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.4.2.101","article-title":"The ecology of child abuse and neglect: Review of the literature and presentation of data","volume":"4","author":"Zuravin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Violence and Victims"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213423004891?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213423004891?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,18]],"date-time":"2024-05-18T13:07:51Z","timestamp":1716037671000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213423004891"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S0145213423004891"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The neighborhood deprivation gradient and child physical abuse and neglect: A Bayesian spatial model","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106501","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106501"}}