{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T10:58:31Z","timestamp":1780052311101,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse &amp; Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T03:48:51Z","timestamp":1700624931000},"page":"106554","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"P1","title":["Parental mental health trajectories over the COVID-19 pandemic and links with childhood adversity and pandemic stress"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"168","author":[{"given":"Dylan","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dillon T.","family":"Browne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Prime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Heron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Wade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.626456","article-title":"Parents are stressed! Patterns of parent stress across COVID-19","volume":"12","author":"Adams","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2014.915181","article-title":"Auxiliary variables in mixture modeling: Three-step approaches using Mplus","volume":"21","author":"Asparouhov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modeling"},{"issue":"AUG.","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.181.2.158","article-title":"Brief screening instrument for post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"181","author":"Brewin","year":"2002","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0001237","article-title":"COVID-19 disruption gets inside the family: A two-month multilevel study of family stress during the pandemic","volume":"57","author":"Browne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0025","first-page":"1","article-title":"Families in the COVID-19 pandemic: Parental stress, parent mental health and the occurrence of adverse childhood experiences\u2014Results of a representative survey in Germany","volume":"1","author":"Calvano","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104089","article-title":"ACEs and counter-ACEs: How positive and negative childhood experiences influence adult health","volume":"96","author":"Crandall","year":"2019","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-020-0880-3","article-title":"Objective and subjective experiences of child maltreatment and their relationships with psychopathology","volume":"4","author":"Danese","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Human Behaviour"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.837423","article-title":"Mediation-moderation links between mothers\u2019 ACEs, mothers\u2019 and children\u2019s psychopathology symptoms, and maternal mentalization during COVID-19","volume":"13","author":"Dollberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s42844-021-00038-6","article-title":"Adverse and benevolent childhood experiences predict mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"2","author":"Doom","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adversity and Resilience Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30482-X","article-title":"Trajectories of anxiety and depressive symptoms during enforced isolation due to COVID-19 in England: A longitudinal observational study","volume":"8","author":"Fancourt","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/famp.12649","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on parent, child, and family functioning","volume":"61","author":"Feinberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Family Process"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.07.011","article-title":"A revised inventory of adverse childhood experiences","volume":"48","author":"Finkelhor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Abuse and Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0065","article-title":"Pandemic trajectories of depressive and anxiety symptoms and their predictors: Five-wave study during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland","volume":"1\u20133","author":"Gambin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s11113-021-09645-8","article-title":"Comparison of past year substance use estimates by age, sex, and race\/ethnicity between two representative samples of the U.S. adult population","volume":"41","author":"Grigsby","year":"2022","journal-title":"Population Research and Policy Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0075","series-title":"Growth modeling structural: Equation and multilevel modeling approaches","author":"Grimm","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106346","article-title":"A systematic review of positive childhood experiences and adult outcomes: Promotive and protective processes for resilience in the context of childhood adversity","volume":"144","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.14301\/llcs.v6i4.322","article-title":"A comparison of approaches for assessing covariate effects in latent class analysis","volume":"6","author":"Heron","year":"2015","journal-title":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0000049","article-title":"Additive contributions of childhood adversity and recent stressors to inflammation at midlife: Findings from the MIDUS study","volume":"51","author":"Hostinar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.800871","article-title":"Childhood experiences and psychological distress: Can benevolent childhood experiences counteract the negative effects of adverse childhood experiences?","volume":"13","author":"Hou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e356","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(17)30118-4","article-title":"The effect of multiple adverse childhood experiences on health: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Hughes","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-11900-8","article-title":"The trajectories of depressive symptoms among working adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal analysis of the InHamilton COVID-19 study","volume":"21","author":"Joshi","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291702006074","article-title":"Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress","volume":"32","author":"Kessler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.080499","article-title":"Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the WHO world mental health surveys","volume":"197","author":"Kessler","year":"2010","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.10.043","article-title":"Trajectories of depression and anxiety during COVID-19 associations with religion, income, and economic difficulties","volume":"144","author":"Kimhi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291709992121","article-title":"Childhood adversity, adult stressful life events, and risk of past-year psychiatric disorder: A test of the stress sensitization hypothesis in a population-based sample of adults","volume":"40","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721416655883","article-title":"Beyond cumulative risk: A dimensional approach to childhood adversity","volume":"25","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Current Directions in Psychological Science"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-0317","article-title":"Performance of the tobacco, alcohol, prescription medication, and other substance use (TAPS) tool for substance use screening in primary care patients","volume":"165","author":"McNeely","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0181522","article-title":"An analysis of retrospective and repeat prospective reports of adverse childhood experiences from the South African Birth to Twenty Plus cohort","volume":"12","author":"Naicker","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.09.022","article-title":"Positive childhood experiences predict less psychopathology and stress in pregnant women with childhood adversity: A pilot study of the benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs) scale","volume":"78","author":"Narayan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Abuse and Neglect"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510701575396","article-title":"Deciding on the number of classes in latent class analysis and growth mixture modeling: A Monte Carlo simulation study","volume":"14","author":"Nylund","year":"2007","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30308-4","article-title":"Mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal probability sample survey of the UK population","volume":"7","author":"Pierce","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00151-6","article-title":"Mental health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic: A latent class trajectory analysis using longitudinal UK data","volume":"8","author":"Pierce","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191111411667","article-title":"Item banks for measuring emotional distress from the patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS\u00ae): Depression, anxiety, and anger","volume":"18","author":"Pilkonis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000660","article-title":"Risk and resilience in family well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic","author":"Prime","year":"2020","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.669106","article-title":"The COVID-19 family stressor scale: Validation and measurement invariance in female and male caregivers","volume":"12","author":"Prime","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-03017-w","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and maternal anxiety and depression: A meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Racine","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.21959","article-title":"When the Bough Breaks: A systematic review and meta-analysis of mental health symptoms in mothers of young children during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"43","author":"Racine","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infant Mental Health Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.098","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies comparing mental health before versus during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020","volume":"296","author":"Robinson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0195","series-title":"Multiple imputation for nonresponse in surveys","author":"Rubin","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0200","article-title":"Understanding different trajectories of mental health across the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"1\u20139","author":"Saunders","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"37","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7037e1","article-title":"Monitoring incidence of COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths, by vaccination status - 13 U.S. jurisdictions, April 4\u2013July 17, 2021","volume":"70","author":"Scobie","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0210","article-title":"Refuting the myth of a \u2018tsunami\u2019 of mental ill-health in populations affected by COVID-19: Evidence that response to the pandemic is heterogeneous, not homogeneous","volume":"1","author":"Shevlin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jcv2.12139","article-title":"Changes in UK parental mental health symptoms over 10 months of the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"3","author":"Skripkauskaite","year":"2023","journal-title":"JCPP Advances"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01161-7","article-title":"Age at onset of mental disorders worldwide: Large-scale meta-analysis of 192 epidemiological studies","volume":"27","author":"Solmi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7902","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-022-00620-7","article-title":"COVID restrictions are lifting - what scientists think","volume":"603","author":"Stokel-Walker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1139\/facets-2021-0078","article-title":"The impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of Canadian children and youth","volume":"6","author":"Vaillancourt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Facets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2021.01.028","article-title":"Psycho-emotional adjustment in parents of adolescents: A cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of the impact of the COVID pandemic","volume":"59","author":"Valero-Moreno","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113143","article-title":"Why we need longitudinal mental health research with children and youth during (and after) the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"290","author":"Wade","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113801","article-title":"The disparate impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of female and male caregivers","volume":"275","author":"Wade","year":"2021","journal-title":"Social Science and Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0250","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554_bb0255","first-page":"1","article-title":"Parent and child adjustment dual trajectories at the beginning of the COVID-19 syndemic","volume":"00","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Family Process"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse &amp; Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213423005422?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213423005422?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:59:39Z","timestamp":1760115579000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213423005422"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S0145213423005422"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Parental mental health trajectories over the COVID-19 pandemic and links with childhood adversity and pandemic stress","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106554","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106554"}}