{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T18:42:07Z","timestamp":1793126527009,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001774","name":"University of Sydney","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,31]],"date-time":"2024-08-31T18:42:16Z","timestamp":1725129736000},"page":"106977","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Characteristics that predict exposure to and subsequent intentional viewing of child sexual abuse material among a community sample of Internet users"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"156","author":[{"given":"Sarah Skye","family":"Napier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Seto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Cashmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Shackel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb0005","author":"AIFS"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1080\/14789949.2014.884618","article-title":"Demographic and offence characteristics: A comparison of sex offenders convicted of possessing indecent images of children, committing contact sex offences or both offences","volume":"25","author":"Aslan","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb5000","series-title":"Questionnaire design","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-014-0270-x","article-title":"Online child pornography offenders are different: A meta-analysis of the characteristics of online and offline sex offenders against children","volume":"44","author":"Babchishin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063210370708","article-title":"The characteristics of online sex offenders: A meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Babchishin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb5005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1037\/sgd0000558","article-title":"The gender\/sex 3\u00d73: Measuring and categorizing gender\/sex beyond binaries","volume":"10","author":"Beischel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb5010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199703000-00012","article-title":"Validity of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire in an adolescent psychiatric population","volume":"36","author":"Bernstein","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb0025","author":"British Board of Film Classification"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb0030","series-title":"Eliminating online child sexual abuse material","author":"Brown","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb0035","article-title":"Prevalence of viewing online child sexual abuse material among Australian adults","volume":"682","author":"Brown","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends & Issues in Crime & Criminal Justice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb5015","series-title":"Justice News","article-title":"Department of Justice, Homeland Security and International Partners Announce Launch of Voluntary Principles to Counter Online Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse","author":"Department of Justice","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb5020","first-page":"421","article-title":"Adult-child sex advocacy websites as social learning environments: A content analysis","volume":"3","author":"D\u2019Ovidio","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Cyber Criminology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb5025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1177\/10790632221108951","article-title":"Correspondence of Child Age and Gender Distribution in Child Sexual Exploitation Material and Other Child Content With Age and Gender of Child Sexual Assault Victims","volume":"35","author":"Eke","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sexual Abuse"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063214521469","article-title":"Child pornography possessors and child contact sex offenders: A multilevel comparison of demographic characteristics and rates of recidivism","volume":"27","author":"Faust","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research & Treatment (Sage)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb0045","series-title":"Preventing child sexual abuse material offending: An international review of initiatives","volume":"Vol. 28","author":"Gannoni","year":"2023"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb5030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1080\/03610928008827941","article-title":"Goodness of fit tests for the multiple logistic regression model","volume":"9","author":"Hosmer","year":"1980","journal-title":"Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb0050","author":"Insoll"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.54501\/jots.v1i2.29","article-title":"Risk factors for child sexual abuse material users contacting children online: Results of an anonymous multilingual survey on the dark web","volume":"1","author":"Insoll","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Online Trust and Safety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb5035","series-title":"The Annual Report 2021. Internet Watch Foundation","author":"Internet Watch, Foundation","year":"2021"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.2450","article-title":"Motivational pathways underlying the onset and maintenance of viewing child pornography on the Internet","volume":"38","author":"Knack","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb5040","article-title":"Online child sexual exploitation offenders: A study of Australian law enforcement data (Criminology Research Grant Report)","author":"Krone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Australian Institute of Criminology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1080\/13552600.2019.1705925","article-title":"Child sexual abuse material in child-centred institutions: Situational crime prevention approaches","volume":"26","author":"Krone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Sexual Aggression"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2022.100590","article-title":"Effects of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy on use of child sexual abuse material: A randomized placebo-controlled trial on the Darknet","volume":"30","author":"L\u00e4tth","year":"2022","journal-title":"Internet Interventions"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1080\/10683160701340577","article-title":"An investigation into maladaptive personality functioning in Internet sex offenders","volume":"13","author":"Laulik","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychology, Crime & Law"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12678","article-title":"Young Australians\u2019 use of pornography and associations with sexual risk behaviours","volume":"41","author":"Lim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181ec173d","article-title":"Receiver operating characteristic curve in diagnostic test assessment","volume":"5","author":"Mandrekar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Thoracic Oncology"},{"issue":"S6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S13","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.51873","article-title":"The prevalence of child maltreatment in Australia: Findings from a national survey","volume":"218","author":"Mathews","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Australia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb0095","article-title":"Fantasy-driven versus contact-driven users of child sexual exploitation material offender classification and implications for their risk assessment","volume":"30","author":"Merdian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment"},{"issue":"10\u201311","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X17748067","article-title":"Development of a case formulation model for individuals who have viewed, distributed, and\/or shared child sexual exploitation material","volume":"64","author":"Merdian","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb5045","article-title":"So why did you do it?\u201d: Explanations provided by child pornography offenders","volume":"8","author":"Merdian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sexual Offender Treatment"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb0105","first-page":"105","article-title":"Age of sexual consent law in Canada: Population-based evidence for law and policy","volume":"19","author":"Miller","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb0110","article-title":"Viewing child sexual abuse material for the first time: Findings from an anonymous survey of Internet users","author":"Napier","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sexual Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb5110","series-title":"CyberTipline Report 2023","author":"National Center for Missing & Exploited Children","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb0115","author":"Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb5050","series-title":"Child sexual abuse and subsequent offending and victimisation: A 45 year follow-up study (440; Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice)","author":"Ogloff","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb5055","series-title":"Who uses YouTube, WhatsApp and Reddit","author":"Pew Research Center","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb5060","first-page":"15","article-title":"Goodness of Link Tests for Generalized Linear Models","volume":"29","author":"Pregibon","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C (Applied Statistics)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb0120","article-title":"Warning messages to prevent illegal sharing of sexual images: Results of a randomised controlled experiment","volume":"647","author":"Prichard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends & Issues in Crime & Criminal Justice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb0125","article-title":"Effects of automated messages on internet users attempting to access \u201cbarely legal\u201d pornography","author":"Prichard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb5065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1089\/109493103321168009","article-title":"Model of problematic internet use in people with a sexual interest in children","volume":"6","author":"Quayle","year":"2003","journal-title":"CyberPsychology & Behavior"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063213502678","article-title":"Correlates and moderators of child pornography consumption in a community sample","volume":"26","author":"Ray","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb0135","author":"Salter"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb0140","author":"Scanlan"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb5070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/22277","article-title":"Characteristics of the users of troubled desire, a web-based self-management app for individuals with sexual interest in children: Descriptive analysis of self-assessment data","volume":"8","author":"Schuler","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Mental Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb0145","first-page":"286","article-title":"Self-reported online child pornography behavior: A psychological analysis","volume":"2","author":"Seigfried","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Cyber Criminology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb0150","first-page":"141","article-title":"Individual differences of internet child pornography users: Peculiar findings in a community-based study","volume":"7","author":"Seigfried-Spellar","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Cyber Criminology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.4018\/IJCBPL.2016070103","article-title":"Deviant pornography use: The role of early-onset adult pornography use and individual differences","volume":"6","author":"Seigfried-Spellar","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Cyber Behavior, Psychology and Learning"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2009.0212","article-title":"Low neuroticism and high hedonistic traits for female internet child pornography consumers","volume":"13","author":"Seigfried-Spellar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2013.04.018","article-title":"Does deviant pornography use follow a Guttman-like progression?","volume":"29","author":"Seigfried-Spellar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb0170","first-page":"207","article-title":"Treatment and management of child pornography use","volume":"37","author":"Seto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatric Clinics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-013-0244-4","article-title":"Viewing child pornography: Prevalence and correlates in a representative community sample of young Swedish men","volume":"44","author":"Seto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb5075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.22610\/imbr.v3i2.916","article-title":"Accuracy of web survey data: The state of research on factual questions in surveys","volume":"3","author":"Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Information Management and Business Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.12.009","article-title":"Web-based child pornography: The global impact of deterrence efforts and its consumption on mobile platforms","volume":"44","author":"Steel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb5090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2010.04.010","article-title":"Frequent users of pornography. A population based epidemiological study of Swedish male adolescents","volume":"34","author":"Svedin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb5105","series-title":"Why an increase in reports of CSAM is actually a good thing","author":"Thorn","year":"2021"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb5095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1080\/13552601003759990","article-title":"Care and treatment of child victims of child pornographic exploitation (CPE) in Germany","volume":"16","author":"von Weiler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Sexual Aggression"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb5100","series-title":"Global Threat Assessment 2023. WeProtect Global Alliance","year":"2023"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559511415837","article-title":"Arrests for child pornography production: Data at two time points from a national sample of U.S. law enforcement agencies","volume":"16","author":"Wolak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213424003673?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213424003673?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T02:34:01Z","timestamp":1728009241000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213424003673"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["S0145213424003673"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Characteristics that predict exposure to and subsequent intentional viewing of child sexual abuse material among a community sample of Internet users","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106977"}}