{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T01:36:47Z","timestamp":1789781807647,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018707","name":"European Commission Reforming and enhancing the European Research and Innovation system","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018707","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101095546"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101095546"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse &amp; Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T02:38:24Z","timestamp":1739414304000},"page":"107299","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Investigating the disparities among child sexual abuse material users: Anonymous self-reports from both charged and uncharged individuals"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"161","author":[{"given":"Hanna-Mari","family":"Lahtinen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsi","family":"Honkalampi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tegan","family":"Insoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juha","family":"Nurmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ethel","family":"Quayle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Katariina","family":"Ovaska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Vaaranen-Valkonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-023-02662-y","article-title":"The viewing reaction time as a diagnostic tool of pedohebephilia in the Dunkelfeld","volume":"53","author":"Amelung","year":"2024","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1080\/15564886.2023.2172504","article-title":"\u201cWe\u2019re not allowed to have experienced trauma. We\u2019re not allowed to go through the grieving process\u201d\u2014Exploring the indirect harms associated with child sexual abuse material (CSAM) offending and its impacts on non-offending family members","volume":"19","author":"Armitage","year":"2023","journal-title":"Victims & Offenders"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-014-0270-x","article-title":"Online child pornography offenders are different: A Meta-analysis of the characteristics of online and offline sex offenders against children","volume":"44","author":"Babchishin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063210370708","article-title":"The characteristics of online sex offenders: A Meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Babchishin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sexual Abuse"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1027\/1016-9040\/a000326","article-title":"Child sexual exploitation materials offenders: A review","volume":"23","author":"Babchishin","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Psychologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Broadhurst, R. (2020). The human factor of cybercrime. In The human factor of cybercrime. (Leukfeldt R&Holt TJ, pp. 310\u2013336). Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429460593-14"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380231178754","article-title":"Victims of technology-assisted child sexual abuse: A scoping review","volume":"25","author":"Chauvir\u00e9-Geib","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trauma, Violence & Abuse"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1080\/01639625.2022.2059417","article-title":"Geeks and newbies: Investigating the criminal expertise of online sex offenders","volume":"44","author":"Chopin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Deviant Behavior"},{"issue":"9280","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05622-7","article-title":"Relation between childhood sexual and physical abuse and risk of revictimisation in women: A cross-sectional survey","volume":"358","author":"Coid","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"21\u221222","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11642","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605231186156","article-title":"Help-seeking from websites and police in the aftermath of technology-facilitated victimization","volume":"38","author":"Colburn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2015.1020108","article-title":"How common is Men\u2019s self-reported sexual interest in prepubescent children?","volume":"53","author":"Dombert","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Journal of Sex Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1177\/10790632221108951","article-title":"Correspondence of child age and gender distribution in child sexual exploitation material and other child content with age and gender of child sexual assault victims","volume":"35","author":"Eke","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sexual Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0065","series-title":"Child sexual abuse: New theory and research","volume":"Vol. 1984","author":"Finkelhor","year":"1984"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.34471","article-title":"Prevalence of online sexual offenses against children in the US","volume":"5","author":"Finkelhor","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106634","article-title":"The prevalence of child sexual abuse with online sexual abuse added","volume":"149","author":"Finkelhor","year":"2024","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106269","article-title":"Child sexual abuse images and youth produced images: The varieties of image-based sexual exploitation and abuse of children","volume":"143","author":"Finkelhor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s11757-023-00790-8","article-title":"Child sexual abuse material on the darknet","volume":"17","author":"Gannon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0090","article-title":"\u2018If my parents find out, I will not see my phone anymore\u2019: Who do children choose to disclose online sexual solicitation to?","volume":"cfs.13069","author":"Gemara","year":"2023","journal-title":"Child & Family Social Work"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0095","unstructured":"Global Threat Assesment (2023). Assessing the scale and scope of child sexual exploitation and abuse online, to transform the response. https:\/\/www.weprotect.org\/global-threat-assessment-23\/."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30286-X","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of childhood sexual abuse: An umbrella review","volume":"6","author":"Hailes","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0105","author":"Insoll"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.54501\/jots.v1i2.29","article-title":"Risk factors for child sexual abuse material users contacting children online: Results of an anonymous multilingual survey on the dark web","volume":"1","author":"Insoll","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Online Trust and Safety"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.54501\/jots.v2i4.205","article-title":"Factors associated with help-seeking among online child sexual abuse material offenders: Results of an anonymous survey on the dark web","volume":"2","author":"Insoll","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Online Trust and Safety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0120","unstructured":"Internet Watch Foundation (2024). The Annual Report 2023. Technical report. April. https:\/\/www.iwf.org.uk\/annual-report-2023\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.606218","article-title":"\u201cAll of me is completely different\u201d: Experiences and consequences among victims of technology-assisted child sexual abuse","volume":"11","author":"Joleby","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1111\/sltb.12749","article-title":"Suicidal behavior in individuals accused or convicted of child sex abuse or indecent image offenses: Systematic review of prevalence and risk factors","volume":"51","author":"Key","year":"2021","journal-title":"Suicide and Life-threatening Behavior"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.20250","article-title":"Pornography use and sexual aggression: The impact of frequency and type of pornography use on recidivism among sexual offenders","volume":"34","author":"Kingston","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aggressive Behavior"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.0440","article-title":"Effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist on risk of committing child sexual abuse in men with pedophilic disorder: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"77","author":"Landgren","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0145","article-title":"The propensity for deviant sexual behavior in the general population: An empirical examination of the motivation-facilitation model","volume":"10790632241283752","author":"Lehmann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sexual Abuse"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380221137653","article-title":"A meta-analysis of trends in general, sexual, and violent recidivism among youth with histories of sex offending","volume":"25","author":"Lussier","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trauma, Violence & Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106977","article-title":"Characteristics that predict exposure to and subsequent intentional viewing of child sexual abuse material among a community sample of internet users","volume":"156","author":"Napier","year":"2024","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7849","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-58346-7","article-title":"Investigating child sexual abuse material availability, searches, and users on the anonymous Tor network for a public health intervention strategy","volume":"14","author":"Nurmi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1177\/00111287221115647","article-title":"Pornography use and sexual scripts among men who have committed sexual offenses","volume":"70","author":"Osuna","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crime & Delinquency"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2021.2023450","article-title":"Pornography use, offense-supportive cognitions, atypical sexual interests, and sexual offending against children","volume":"59","author":"Paquette","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Journal of Sex Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-81232018234.11362016","article-title":"Sexual violence against children: Authors, victims and consequences. Ci\u00eancia & Saude Coletiva","volume":"23","author":"Platt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ci\u00eancia & Sa\u00fade Coletiva"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s12027-020-00625-7","article-title":"Prevention, disruption and deterrence of online child sexual exploitation and abuse","volume":"21","author":"Quayle","year":"2020","journal-title":"ERA Forum"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1002\/car.2507","article-title":"Children in identified sexual images \u2013 Who are they? Self- and non-self-taken images in the international child sexual exploitation image database 2006\u20132015","volume":"27","author":"Quayle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Abuse Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0190","series-title":"Searchlight 2023 - Childlight\u2019s annual flagship report","article-title":"The nature of online offending against children: Representative data from Australia, UK and the USA","author":"Salter","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0195","unstructured":"Salter, M., Woodlock, D., Whitten, T., Tyler, M., Naldrett, G., Breckenridge, J., Nolan, J., & Peleg, N. (2023). Identifying and understanding child sexual offending behaviours and attitudes among Australian men. UNSW. https:\/\/www.humanrights.unsw.edu.au\/news\/worlds-largest-child-sexual-abuse-perpetration-prevalence-study-recommends-significant-investment-early-intervention-measures."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281996","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1281996","article-title":"Understanding the prolonged impact of online sexual abuse occurring in childhood","volume":"14","author":"Schmidt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2158","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380231207896","article-title":"The mental health and social implications of nonconsensual sharing of intimate images on youth: A systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Schmidt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trauma, Violence & Abuse"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/22277","article-title":"Characteristics of the users of troubled desire, a web-based self-management app for individuals with sexual interest in children: Descriptive analysis of self-assessment data","volume":"8","author":"Schuler","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Mental Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2013.04.018","article-title":"Does deviant pornography use follow a Guttman-like progression?","volume":"29","author":"Seigfried-Spellar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0220","series-title":"Production and active trading of child sexual exploitation images depicting identified victims","author":"Seto","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0225","article-title":"Pedophilia and sexual offending against children: Theory, assessment, and intervention","author":"Seto","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Psychological Association."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-016-0799-y","article-title":"The puzzle of male Chronophilias","volume":"46","author":"Seto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063217720919","article-title":"The motivation-facilitation model of sexual offending","volume":"31","author":"Seto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sexual Abuse"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.115.3.610","article-title":"Child pornography offenses are a valid diagnostic indicator of pedophilia","volume":"115","author":"Seto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1037\/lhb0000240","article-title":"Correlates of admitted sexual interest in children among individuals convicted of child pornography offenses","volume":"41","author":"Seto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Law and Human Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0250","article-title":"Child sexual exploitation material offenses: Differences in individual and case characteristics based on how they came to attention of police","volume":"1\u201319","author":"Seto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Police Practice and Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063210369013","article-title":"Contact sexual offending by men with online sexual offenses","volume":"23","author":"Seto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sexual Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106896","article-title":"Contact sex offenders with adult and minor victims: Psychopathological and criminological differences","volume":"154","author":"Soldino","year":"2024","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277225","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1277225","article-title":"Individuals under voluntary treatment with sexual interest in minors: What risk do they pose?","volume":"14","author":"Von Franqu\u00e9","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2005.05.002","article-title":"An integrated theory of sexual offending","volume":"11","author":"Ward","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aggression and Violent Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299_bb0275","author":"Winter"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse &amp; Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213425000547?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213425000547?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T04:27:51Z","timestamp":1777350471000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213425000547"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["S0145213425000547"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Investigating the disparities among child sexual abuse material users: Anonymous self-reports from both charged and uncharged individuals","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107299","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107299"}}