{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T02:31:04Z","timestamp":1791599464564,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003245","name":"Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["024.004.016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["024.004.016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T10:52:33Z","timestamp":1759315953000},"page":"107702","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"P1","title":["Behind the silence of undisclosed trauma: A social network study on support and well-being in the context of childhood sexual abuse"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"169","author":[{"given":"Kyra E.","family":"Verboon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iva A.E.","family":"Bicanic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Muris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"Verkuil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernet M.","family":"Elzinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Louise J.","family":"Kullberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.25.5.631","article-title":"To tell or not to tell: The impact of disclosure on sexual assault survivors\u2019 recovery","volume":"25","author":"Ahrens","year":"2010","journal-title":"Violence and Victims"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.3109\/08039488.2016.1143028","article-title":"Depression and post-traumatic stress disorder in child victims of sexual abuse: Perceived social support as a protection factor","volume":"70","author":"Aydin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.117.3.497","article-title":"The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation","volume":"117","author":"Baumeister","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb3010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(02)00541-0","article-title":"Development and validation of a brief screening version of the childhood trauma questionnaire","volume":"27","author":"Bernstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22059","article-title":"The posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): Development and initial psychometric evaluation","volume":"28","author":"Blevins","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0030","series-title":"Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 \u2013 Nederlandstalige versie","author":"Boeschoten","year":"2014"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0035","first-page":"4223","article-title":"Evidence of the validity of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) in university students","volume":"27","author":"Brugnoli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ci\u00eancia & Sa\u00fade Coletiva"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.15111403","article-title":"Mental health and social networks after disaster","volume":"174","author":"Bryant","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801219832913","article-title":"Why women are not talking about it: Reasons for nondisclosure of sexual victimization and associated symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression","volume":"26","author":"Carson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Violence Against Women"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101750","article-title":"Social reactions to disclosure of interpersonal violence and psychopathology: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"72","author":"Dworkin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1002\/ajcp.12033","article-title":"Disclosing sexual assault within social networks: A mixed-method investigation","volume":"57","author":"Dworkin","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Journal of Community Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1080\/10926771.2012.648100","article-title":"Health outcomes by closeness of sexual abuse perpetrator: A test of betrayal trauma theory","volume":"21","author":"Edwards","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/20008066.2024.2398921","article-title":"Social support and (complex) posttraumatic stress symptom severity: Does gender matter?","volume":"15","author":"Fares-Otero","year":"2024","journal-title":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1017\/mor.2022.2","article-title":"The measurement and communication of effect sizes in management research","volume":"19","author":"Fey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Management and Organization Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0075","first-page":"110","article-title":"The posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) checklist for DSM\u20135: A systematic review of existing psychometric evidence","volume":"30","author":"Forkus","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1177\/0165025408098020","article-title":"Longitudinal associations between keeping a secret and psychosocial adjustment in adolescence","volume":"33","author":"Frijns","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Behavioral Development"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2006.09.004","article-title":"Exploring the disclosure of child sexual abuse with alleged victims and their parents","volume":"31","author":"Hershkowitz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104775","article-title":"The effect of parental emotional abuse on the severity and treatment of PTSD symptoms in children and adolescents","volume":"111","author":"Hoeboer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1177\/03616843221085213","article-title":"Social network changes and disclosure responses after sexual assault","volume":"46","author":"Jaffe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychology of Women Quarterly"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0100","first-page":"613","article-title":"An ultra-brief screening scale for anxiety and depression: The PHQ-4","volume":"50","author":"Kroenke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260506291654","article-title":"Mental health correlates of the victim-perpetrator relationship among interpersonally victimized adolescents","volume":"21","author":"Lawyer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13813","article-title":"A prospective study of the relative contribution of adolescent peer support quantity and quality to depressive symptoms","volume":"64","author":"Letkiewicz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0115","article-title":"Suppressor variables: The difference between \u2018is\u2019 versus \u2018acting as.\u2019","volume":"22","author":"Ludlow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Statistics Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1177\/0091415018758447","article-title":"Associations between secret-keeping and quality of life in older adults","volume":"88","author":"Maas","year":"2019","journal-title":"The International Journal of Aging and Human Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.04.006","article-title":"Child sexual abuse, disclosure and PTSD: A systematic and critical review","volume":"92","author":"McTavish","year":"2019","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.02.007","article-title":"The prevalence of child sexual abuse in community and student samples: A meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Pereda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb3005","series-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260517727493","article-title":"Social reactions to IPV disclosure and PTSD symptom severity: Assessing avoidant coping as a mediator","volume":"36","author":"Schackner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3486","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260512445380","article-title":"Disclosure of child sexual abuse by adolescents: A qualitative in-depth study","volume":"27","author":"Sch\u00f6nbucher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105228","article-title":"A tangled start: The link between childhood maltreatment, psychopathology, and relationships in adulthood","volume":"121","author":"Shahab","year":"2021","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(99)00130-1","article-title":"Delay in disclosure of childhood rape: Results from a national survey","volume":"24","author":"Smith","year":"2000","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2013.02.006","article-title":"Child abuse and neglect, social support, and psychopathology in adulthood: A prospective investigation","volume":"37","author":"Sperry","year":"2013","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000002","article-title":"Childhood trauma questionnaire: Factor structure, measurement invariance, and validity across emotional disorders","volume":"26","author":"Spinhoven","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2005.06.007","article-title":"\u201cA burden in your heart\u201d: Lessons of disclosure from female preadolescent and adolescent survivors of sexual abuse","volume":"29","author":"Staller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-6303-y","article-title":"Exploring the relationships between sexual violence, mental health and perpetrator identity: A cross-sectional Australian primary care study","volume":"18","author":"Tarzia","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2010.05.008","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the effects of psychotherapy with adults sexually abused in childhood","volume":"30","author":"Taylor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838014537906","article-title":"Adult disclosure of child sexual abuse: A literature review","volume":"16","author":"Tener","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trauma, Violence & Abuse"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2009.03.001","article-title":"A validation study of the Dutch childhood trauma questionnaire-short form: Factor structure, reliability, and known-groups validity","volume":"33","author":"Thombs","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1177\/2156869315574601","article-title":"The contingent value of embeddedness: Self-affirming social environments, network density, and well-being","volume":"5","author":"Walker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Society and Mental Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.101998","article-title":"Social support and posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies","volume":"85","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2023.152432","article-title":"Association between social networks and symptoms of post-traumatic stress during the pandemic: Cohort study in South Korea","volume":"127","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2022.103616","article-title":"The relationships between social support and loneliness: A meta-analysis and review","volume":"227","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702_bb3000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa5201_2","article-title":"The multidimensional scale of perceived social support","volume":"52","author":"Zimet","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Personality Assessment"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213425004582?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213425004582?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,24]],"date-time":"2026-05-24T09:50:15Z","timestamp":1779616215000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213425004582"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S0145213425004582"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Behind the silence of undisclosed trauma: A social network study on support and well-being in the context of childhood sexual abuse","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107702","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107702"}}