{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T05:06:34Z","timestamp":1789967194326,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T12:40:27Z","timestamp":1761136827000},"page":"107754","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"P2","title":["Childhood matters: How benevolent and adverse childhood experiences shape alexithymia in perpetrators of sex crimes and the community sample"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"169","author":[{"given":"B\u00e1rbara Mestre","family":"Albuquerque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3354-7809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Telma Catarina","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1177\/00111287231172716","article-title":"Benevolent and adverse childhood experiences and attachment in adulthood: A comparative study between sex offenders and the general population","volume":"71","author":"Almeida","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crime & Delinquency"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105969","article-title":"The role of positive childhood experiences in the link between childhood maltreatment and affective lability in a sample of incarcerated men and women","volume":"135","author":"Almeida","year":"2023","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105179","article-title":"Positive childhood experiences and adverse experiences: Psychometric properties of the Benevolent Childhood Experiences Scale (BCEs) among the Portuguese population","volume":"120","author":"Almeida","year":"2021","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.156","article-title":"Understanding the influence of early life challenges on alexithymia: A comparative study of offenders and a community sample","volume":"380","author":"Almeida","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106720","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences, sexual risk-taking and non-consensual sexual experiences in a nationally representative study of 15\u201329-year-old Danes","volume":"151","author":"Andresen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0030","first-page":"1","article-title":"Impact trajectories of childhood maltreatment duration on affective and social development","author":"Ardizzi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb5000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2017.04.161","article-title":"Methods to assess adverse childhood experiences of children and families: Toward approaches to promote child well-being in policy and practice","volume":"17","author":"Bethell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Academic Pediatrics"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2019.3007","article-title":"Positive childhood experiences and adult mental and relational health in a statewide sample: Associations across adverse childhood experiences levels","volume":"173","author":"Bethell","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03662-9","article-title":"The effect of sexual abuse and dissociation on suicide attempt","volume":"22","author":"Brokke","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000279","article-title":"Associations between emotional abuse and neglect and dimensions of alexithymia: The moderating role of sex","volume":"10","author":"Brown","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice and Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.12.008","article-title":"Accounting for the associations between child maltreatment and internalizing problems: The role of alexithymia","volume":"52","author":"Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063214558940","article-title":"\u201cIdentifying and describing emotions\u201d: Measuring the effectiveness of a brief, alexithymia-specific, intervention for a sex offender population","volume":"28","author":"Byrne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.53819\/81018102t5318","article-title":"School dropout and students\u2019 academic performance in public twelve years basic education schools of Rwanda","volume":"7","author":"Celestin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal Of Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1007\/s40653-023-00520-6","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences: Relationship with empathy and alexithymia","volume":"16","author":"Cerqueira","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-06083-6","article-title":"The implication of alexithymia in personality disorders: A systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Chaim","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106457","article-title":"Adverse childhood experience trajectories and individual high risk-behaviors of sexual offenders: A developmental victimology perspective","volume":"146","author":"Chopin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105659","article-title":"Childhood victimization and poly-victimization of online sexual offenders: A developmental psychopathology perspective","volume":"129","author":"Chopin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0090","series-title":"Handbook of developmental psychopathology","first-page":"723","article-title":"A developmental psychopathology perspective on child maltreatment","author":"Cicchetti","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104089","article-title":"ACEs and counter-ACEs: How positive and negative childhood experiences influence adult health","volume":"96","author":"Crandall","year":"2019","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/jrh.12708","article-title":"Examining the association between rurality and positive childhood experiences among a national sample","volume":"39","author":"Crouch","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Journal of Rural Health"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000391","article-title":"Child maltreatment and alexithymia: A meta-analytic review","volume":"149","author":"Ditzer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-025-03103-8","article-title":"Pleasure-inclusive sex education, sexual agency, and sexual well-being in adolescents and young adults: A scoping review","volume":"54","author":"Ditzhuijzen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00992","article-title":"The impact of past trauma on psychological distress: The roles of defense mechanisms and alexithymia","volume":"11","author":"Fang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8","article-title":"Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study","volume":"14","author":"Felitti","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.2552","article-title":"Alexithymia as a mediator between childhood maltreatment and impulsivity","volume":"31","author":"Gaher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stress and Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrimjus.2018.07.006","article-title":"Emotion regulation, mindfulness, and alexithymia: Specific or general impairments in sexual, violent, and homicide offenders?","volume":"58","author":"Gillespie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Criminal Justice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2021.108141","article-title":"Processing of emotional faces in sexual offenders with and without child victims: An eye-tracking study with pupillometry","volume":"163","author":"Gillespie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsae058","article-title":"An fMRI study on alexithymia and affective state recognition in the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test","volume":"19","author":"Gosch","year":"2024","journal-title":"Social Cognitive And Affective Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0160","article-title":"\u201cHurt people hurt other people\u201d: The link between past trauma and sexual offending","volume":"17","author":"Grady","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sexual Offending: Theory, Research, and Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s11165-014-9438-6","article-title":"Global patterns in students\u2019 views of science and interest in science","volume":"45","author":"Griethuijsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Research in Science Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12767","article-title":"Speech, language and communication needs and mental health: The experiences of speech and language therapists and mental health professionals","volume":"58","author":"Hancock","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0175","article-title":"No words for feelings? Not only for my own: Diminished emotional empathic ability in alexithymia","volume":"14","author":"H\u00e4rtwig","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063220912451","article-title":"Alexithymia, prior trauma, alcohol use, and sexual aggression perpetration: A cross-cultural comparison of a moderated mediation model","volume":"33","author":"Hawkins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sexual Abuse: Journal of Research and Treatment"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1080\/08039488.2019.1667430","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and alexithymia in patients with major depressive disorder","volume":"74","author":"Honkalampi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.800871","article-title":"Childhood experiences and psychological distress: Can benevolent childhood experiences counteract the negative effects of adverse childhood experiences?","volume":"13","author":"Hou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/children9091418","article-title":"Psychoeducation reduces alexithymia and modulates anger expression in a school setting","volume":"9","author":"Iuso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Children"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb5005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.07.004","article-title":"Sexual abuse history among adult sex offenders and non-sex offenders: A meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Jespersen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/22799036221106613","article-title":"Childhood adversities and mental health problems: A systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Juwariah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Public Health Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063220970031","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences among sexual offenders: Associations with sexual recidivism risk and psychopathology","volume":"33","author":"Kahn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sexual Abuse: A Journal Of Research And Treatment"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb5010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1177\/2156869320912520","article-title":"The long-term impact of parental mental health on children\u2019s distress trajectories in adulthood","volume":"11","author":"Kamis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Society and Mental Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13616","article-title":"Alexithymia in individuals maltreated as children and adolescents: A meta-analysis","volume":"63","author":"Khan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0215","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the effects of comprehensive sexuality education programs on children and adolescents","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.13110\/merrpalmquar1982.62.2.0129","article-title":"The role of maternal emotional validation and invalidation on children\u2019s emotional awareness","volume":"62","author":"Lambie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Merrill-Palmer Quarterly"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1080\/19371918.2013.759005","article-title":"The impact of substance use disorders on families and children: from theory to practice","volume":"28","author":"Lander","year":"2013","journal-title":"Social Work in Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb5015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jintelligence9030042","article-title":"Levels of emotional awareness: Theory and measurement of a socio-emotional skill","volume":"9","author":"Lane","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Intelligence"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063214535819","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences in the lives of male sex offenders: Implications for trauma-informed care","volume":"28","author":"Levenson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sexual Abuse: A Journal Of Research And Treatment"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e21986","article-title":"Perceived stress and severity of depression mediate the association between alexithymia and suicidal ideation in patients with major depressive disorder","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.00444","article-title":"The role of language in emotion: Predictions from psychological constructionism","volume":"6","author":"Lindquist","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1177\/10870547241261826","article-title":"Positive childhood experiences and the indirect relationship with improved emotion regulation in adults with ADHD through social support","volume":"28","author":"Lowe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Attention Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb5020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3197","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S466379","article-title":"The role of alexithymia and moral disengagement in childhood physical abuse and depressive symptoms: A comparative study among rural and urban Chinese college students","volume":"17","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychology Research and Behavior Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2021.1908231","article-title":"Cognitive-emotional processing in alexithymia: An integrative review","volume":"35","author":"Luminet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cognition and Emotion"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.21122","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences: A meta-analysis of prevalence and moderators among half a million adults in 206 studies","volume":"22","author":"Madigan","year":"2023","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00453","article-title":"The relationship between alexithymia and emotional awareness: A meta-analytic review of the correlation between TAS-20 and LEAS","volume":"9","author":"Maroti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-020-01561-6","article-title":"Mechanisms linking childhood trauma exposure and psychopathology: A transdiagnostic model of risk and resilience","volume":"18","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1072783","article-title":"Alexithymia and sensory processing sensitivity account for unique variance in the prediction of emotional contagion and empathy","volume":"14","author":"McQuarrie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1037\/fam0000521","article-title":"Benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs) in homeless parents: A validation and replication study","volume":"33","author":"Merrick","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Family Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.03.016","article-title":"Unpacking the impact of adverse childhood experiences on adult mental health","volume":"69","author":"Merrick","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579420001273","article-title":"Early adversity and children's emotion regulation: Differential roles of parent emotion regulation and adversity exposure","volume":"32","author":"Milojevich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/cdep.12238","article-title":"The impact of parenting on emotion regulation during childhood and adolescence","volume":"11","author":"Morris","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Development Perspectives"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.21653","article-title":"Assessing angels in the nursery: A pilot study of childhood memories of benevolent caregiving as protective influences","volume":"38","author":"Narayan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infant Mental Health Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2444","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579423000536","article-title":"A multisystem, dimensional interplay of assets versus adversities: Revised benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs) in the context of childhood maltreatment, threat, and deprivation","volume":"35","author":"Narayan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797618773357","article-title":"The nonlinear development of emotion differentiation: Granular emotional experience is low in adolescence","volume":"29","author":"Nook","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1177\/15412040211063129","article-title":"Child delinquency, ACEs, and the juvenile justice system: Does exposure to aces affect justice system experiences for children?","volume":"20","author":"Novak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0315","series-title":"Emotion-focused therapy for complex trauma: An integrative approach","author":"Paivio","year":"2023"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0320","first-page":"125","article-title":"Relationship between parenting, alexithymia, and adult attachment styles: A cross-national study on a group of adolescents and young adults","volume":"14","author":"Pellerone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-014-9602-9","article-title":"Assessing the reliability of retrospective reports of adverse childhood experiences among adolescents with documented childhood maltreatment","volume":"29","author":"Pinto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Family Violence"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb5025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8721.2008.00608.x","article-title":"Mechanisms linking early experience and the emergence of emotions: Illustrations from the study of maltreated children","volume":"17","author":"Pollak","year":"2008","journal-title":"Current directions in psychological science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0330","article-title":"Adapta\u00e7\u00e3o Portuguesa da Escala de Alexitimia de Toronto de 20 itens (TAS-20) [Portuguese adaptation of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale]","volume":"9","author":"Praceres","year":"2000","journal-title":"Revista Iberoamericana de Diagn\u00f3stico y Evaluaci\u00f3n Psicol\u00f3gica"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-018-1253-6","article-title":"The effect of the severity of parental alcohol abuse on mental and behavioural disorders in children","volume":"28","author":"Raitasalo","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0340","first-page":"1992","article-title":"Relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACE\u2019s) and adult introversion-extraversion trait","volume":"9","author":"Rebecca","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Indian Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0345","series-title":"Encyclopedia of Child and Adolescent Development","article-title":"Child physical abuse and neglect","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2020"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.5430\/wje.v5n5p21","article-title":"Emotional and behavioral difficulties and academic achievement in immigrant adolescents in special education","volume":"5","author":"Rousseau","year":"2015","journal-title":"World Journal of Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/20008066.2024.2407256","article-title":"Effects of childhood adversities on alexithymia features vary between sexes: Results of a prospective population study","volume":"15","author":"Salokangas","year":"2024","journal-title":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1177\/02537176221106278","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences, aggression, empathy, and psychopathology in adult males accused of rape","volume":"44","author":"Satapathy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/children10091498","article-title":"The relationship between paternal alexithymia and children's internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems during early childhood","volume":"10","author":"Scarzello","year":"2023","journal-title":"Children"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11060823","article-title":"Understanding emotions: Origins and roles of the amygdala","volume":"11","author":"\u0160imi\u0107","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3040","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720005085","article-title":"Anxious parents show higher physiological synchrony with their infants","volume":"52","author":"Smith","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191610383","article-title":"Parental divorce process and post-divorce parental behaviors and strategies: Examining emerging adult children\u2019s attachment-related anxiety and avoidance","volume":"19","author":"Smith-Etxeberria","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0385","article-title":"The relationship between alexithymia and aggressive behavior among adolescents","volume":"7","author":"Taiki","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Humanities and Educational Research"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1159\/000288571","article-title":"The revised Toronto alexithymia scale: Some reliability, validity, and normative data","volume":"57","author":"Taylor","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.12681\/psy_hps.34899","article-title":"Prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in child sex offenders and associations with health indicators","volume":"29","author":"Togas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychology: The Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559513500380","article-title":"A developmental psychopathology perspective on child maltreatment","volume":"18","author":"Toth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0405","first-page":"398","article-title":"Attachment, alexithymia and psychiatric symptoms as predictors of subjective well-being","volume":"12","author":"\u00dcn\u00fcbol","year":"2020","journal-title":"Current Approaches in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0410","first-page":"130","article-title":"The quality of attachment relationships and alexithymia","volume":"13","author":"Usaci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal Plus Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.01.025","article-title":"Alexithymia, emotion dysregulation, impulsivity and aggression: A multiple mediation model","volume":"237","author":"Velotti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2024.101982","article-title":"Facial emotion recognition in sexual offenders","volume":"78","author":"Virolle","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aggression and Violent Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.4236\/jss.2024.122025","article-title":"Enhancing sexual health among the youth in the United States: A scholarly exploration","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Open Journal of Social Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2333794X221078708","article-title":"The impact of adverse childhood experiences on health and development in young children","volume":"9","author":"Webster","year":"2022","journal-title":"Global Pediatric Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0435","article-title":"World Medical Association declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects","author":"World Medical Association","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0440","first-page":"36","article-title":"Analysing the ability of university students in expressing their emotions in terms of alexithymia and psychological necessities","volume":"3","author":"Yal\u00e7\u0131n","year":"2013","journal-title":"OPUS International Journal of Society Researches"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb5030","first-page":"8","article-title":"The mediating role of sense of coherence in the relationship between positive childhood experiences and alexithymia","volume":"27","author":"Yilziz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Khazer Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2917","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X17738063","article-title":"Family experiences and sexual victimization histories: A comparative analysis between youth sexual and nonsexual offenders","volume":"62","author":"Yoder","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.02957","article-title":"Attachment style, early childhood trauma, alexithymia, and dissociation among persons addicted to alcohol: Structural equation model of dependencies","volume":"10","author":"Zdankiewicz-\u015aciga\u0142a","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb5040","first-page":"211","article-title":"Sexual trauma type and its relation to alexithymia, dissociation and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among women survivors","volume":"27","author":"Zdankiewicz-\u015aciga\u0142a","year":"2018","journal-title":"Advances in Psychiatry & Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105674","article-title":"Associations of childhood neglect, difficulties in emotion regulation, and psychological distresses to COVID-19 pandemic: An intergenerational analysis","volume":"129","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213425005101?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213425005101?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T16:22:29Z","timestamp":1772900549000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213425005101"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":96,"alternative-id":["S0145213425005101"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Childhood matters: How benevolent and adverse childhood experiences shape alexithymia in perpetrators of sex crimes and the community sample","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107754","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107754"}}