{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T13:53:06Z","timestamp":1792158786373,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse &amp; Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T06:32:20Z","timestamp":1768458740000},"page":"107894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Nepali school teachers' perceptions of child abuse in Dhulikhel municipality: A qualitative study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"173","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Karki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer J.","family":"Infanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suja P.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Chapagain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.D.","family":"Pun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0005","first-page":"353","article-title":"Child Maltreatment in the World: A Review Article","volume":"3","author":"Abbasi","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.15415\/jmrh.2015.12007","article-title":"Study on nutritional problems in preschool aged children of Kaski District of Nepal","volume":"1","author":"Acharya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Healthcare"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.2147\/AHMT.S363699","article-title":"Magnitude of child sexual abuse and its associated factors among children treated in public hospitals of Addis Ababa Ethiopia","volume":"13","author":"Alemayehu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0020","author":"American Society for the Positive Care of Children"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1007\/s12310-015-9170-z","article-title":"Improving implementation of a school-based program for traumatized students: Identifying factors that promote teacher support and collaboration","volume":"8","author":"Baweja","year":"2016","journal-title":"School Mental Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0030","article-title":"Caste-based discrimination: Socio-economic impact to Dalit Community in Nepal","volume":"9","author":"Biswokarma","year":"2023","journal-title":"American Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0035","author":"Child at Risk Network Nepal (CARNet)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.12163","article-title":"Data collection and sampling in qualitative research: Does size matter?","volume":"70","author":"Cleary","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0045","series-title":"Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches","author":"Creswell","year":"2007"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s10560-018-0560-6","article-title":"Perspectives of key informants on child abuse: Qualitative evidence from northern Ghana","volume":"36","author":"Dako-Gyeke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0055","first-page":"225","article-title":"Child sexual abuse in Iran: A systematic review of the prevalence, risk factors, consequences, interventions and laws","volume":"14","author":"Danaeifar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of injury and violence research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s40653-020-00304-2","article-title":"Teaching youth to resist abuse: Evaluation of a strengths-based child maltreatment curriculum for high school students","volume":"14","author":"Diaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1177\/1744987119880234","article-title":"An overview of the qualitative descriptive design within nursing research","volume":"25","author":"Doyle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Nursing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1017\/cha.2016.53","article-title":"Teachers\u2019 understanding and practice of mandatory reporting of child maltreatment","volume":"42","author":"Falkiner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Children Australia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.14.140970","article-title":"The burden of child maltreatment in China: A systematic review","volume":"93","author":"Fang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1080\/03004430.2014.901013","article-title":"Combating violence against children: Jordanian pre-service early childhood teachers\u2019 perceptions towards child abuse and neglect","volume":"184","author":"Fayez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Early Child Development and Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb3080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2008.09.007","article-title":"Kindergarten teachers\u2019 experience of reporting child abuse in Taiwan: Dancing on the edge","volume":"31","author":"Feng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0085","series-title":"The Act Relating to Children, 2075 (2018)","author":"Government of Nepal","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2003.10.001","article-title":"Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: Concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness","volume":"24","author":"Graneheim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nurse Education Today"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-4079","article-title":"Global prevalence of past-year violence against children: a systematic review and minimum estimates","volume":"137","author":"Hillis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2954","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.13031","article-title":"Systematic methodological review: Developing a framework for a qualitative semi-structured interview guide","volume":"72","author":"Kallio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.06.020","article-title":"Child maltreatment in Nepal: Prevalence and associated factors","volume":"151","author":"Kandel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2015.01.851","article-title":"Teachers\u2019 views related to the effectiveness of in-service training programs in primary schools","volume":"174","author":"Katman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0115","first-page":"53","article-title":"Corporal punishment in private schools: The case of Kathmandu","volume":"7","author":"Khanal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nepal. Journal of Education and Practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.21768","article-title":"Characteristics of qualitative descriptive studies: A systematic review","volume":"40","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Research in Nursing & Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0125","series-title":"Naturalistic inquiry","author":"Lincoln","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2257205","article-title":"Economic conditions and child abuse","author":"Lindo","year":"2013","journal-title":"SSRN Electronic Journal."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1547-5069.2004.04029.x","article-title":"Effects of cultural sensitivity training on health care provider attitudes and patient outcomes","volume":"36","author":"Majumdar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Nursing Scholarship"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2016.1189474","article-title":"Teachers\u2019 knowledge and beliefs about child sexual abuse","volume":"25","author":"M\u00e1rquez-Flores","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Child Sexual Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.107183","article-title":"Disclosure and non-disclosure of childhood sexual abuse in Australia: Results from a national survey","volume":"160","author":"Mathews","year":"2025","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106553","article-title":"Educators\u2019 experiences of coping with cases of child abuse and neglect: Challenges and supports","volume":"147","author":"Melkman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00987314","article-title":"Focus groups: A new tool for qualitative research","volume":"7","author":"Morgan","year":"1984","journal-title":"Qualitative Sociology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732315588501","article-title":"Critical analysis of strategies for determining rigor in qualitative inquiry","volume":"25","author":"Morse","year":"2015","journal-title":"Qualitative Health Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018922","article-title":"Self-reported child abuse in the home: A cross-sectional survey of prevalence, perpetrator characteristics and correlates among public secondary school students in Kathmandu, Nepal","volume":"8","author":"Neupane","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-3327.104884","article-title":"Evaluation of factors influencing child abuse leading to oro-facial lesions in Isfahan, Iran: A qualitative approach","volume":"9","author":"Nilchian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dental Research Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chipro.2024.100064","article-title":"Teachers\u2019 perceptions of enabling and hindering factors in child abuse disclosures","volume":"3","author":"Nohilly","year":"2024","journal-title":"Child Protection and Practice"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0180","article-title":"Urban children at risk of violence: A qualitative study of experiences of parents, teachers, and service providers of collaborative support","volume":"4","author":"Nurjannah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Urban Child Welfare"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.3126\/jkmc.v2i3.9968","article-title":"Corporal punishment and its effects in children","volume":"2","author":"Rimal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Kathmandu Medical College"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0190","first-page":"3185","article-title":"Qualitative interview questions: Guidance for novice researchers","volume":"25","author":"Roberts","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Qualitative Report"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.20362","article-title":"What\u2019s in a name? Qualitative description revisited","volume":"33","author":"Sandelowski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Research in Nursing & Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-807","article-title":"How do public child healthcare professionals and primary school teachers identify and handle child abuse cases? A qualitative study","volume":"13","author":"Schols","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0205","author":"Sharma"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.33546\/bnj.2792","article-title":"Child sexual abuse prevention: A qualitative study of teachers\u2019 educational needs","volume":"9","author":"Solehati","year":"2023","journal-title":"Belitung Nursing Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/car.2353","article-title":"The prevalence of child maltreatment across the globe: Review of a series of Meta-analyses","volume":"24","author":"Stoltenborgh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Abuse Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1080\/10903127.2016.1204038","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators to recognition and reporting of child abuse by prehospital providers","volume":"21","author":"Tiyyagura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prehospital Emergency Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0225","article-title":"An examination of the knowledge and awareness levels of teachers working in special education institutions regarding child neglect and abuse","author":"Toydemir","year":"2019","journal-title":"OPUS International Journal of Society Researches."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb3225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4038\/sljch.v52i3.10574","article-title":"Assessment of awareness of good touch and bad touch in primary school children of a metropolis in North India","volume":"52","author":"Tyagi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0230","series-title":"Violence against children widespread, affecting millions globally","author":"UNICEF","year":"2024"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13147","article-title":"Annual research review: Umbrella synthesis of meta-analyses on child maltreatment antecedents and interventions: Differential susceptibility perspective on risk and resilience","volume":"61","author":"Van IJzendoorn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-015-1085-5","article-title":"Quality of life in maltreated children and adult survivors of child maltreatment: A systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Weber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Quality of Life Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1007\/s12310-019-09317-1","article-title":"Child maltreatment knowledge and responses among teachers: A training needs assessment","volume":"11","author":"Weegar","year":"2019","journal-title":"School Mental Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0255","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0260","author":"World Health Organization"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2013.811136","article-title":"Prevention of child sexual abuse: Analysis and discussion of the field","volume":"22","author":"Zeuthen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Child Sexual Abuse"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse &amp; Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S014521342600013X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S014521342600013X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T13:23:17Z","timestamp":1792156997000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S014521342600013X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["S014521342600013X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Nepali school teachers' perceptions of child abuse in Dhulikhel municipality: A qualitative study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107894","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107894"}}