{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T09:10:56Z","timestamp":1779095456309,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000138","name":"U.S. Department of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000138","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007296","name":"Office of Special Education Programs, Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007296","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005253","name":"Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H325D220056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H325D220056"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005253","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T15:17:28Z","timestamp":1771341448000},"page":"107939","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Unequal representation? Examining child and case characteristics in child protective services cases involving disabled children"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"174","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9803-066X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Liffley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4938-4773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marisa H.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb1020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2017.04.005","article-title":"Intelligence is associated with voluntary disclosure in child sexual abuse victims","volume":"61","author":"Bae","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559521994177","article-title":"Children with intellectual disability and victimization: A logistic regression analysis","volume":"27","author":"Brendli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb1025","first-page":"43","article-title":"Safety issues in the lives of children with learning disabilities","volume":"29","author":"Briggs","year":"2006","journal-title":"Social Policy Journal of New Zealand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0010","series-title":"StatPearls","article-title":"Child physical abuse and neglect","author":"Brown","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-081219-090532","article-title":"Developmental perspectives on the study of persons with intellectual disability","volume":"17","author":"Burack","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0020","author":"CAPTA Reauthorization Act of 2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.105714","article-title":"Overrepresentation of Black children in the child welfare system: A systematic review to understand and better act","volume":"120","author":"C\u00e9nat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0030","series-title":"Treatment Improvement Protocol Series No. 36","article-title":"Substance abuse treatment for persons with child abuse and neglect issues","author":"Center for Substance Abuse Treatment","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0035","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb1040","article-title":"National child abuse and neglect data system (NCANDS) child file, FFY 2022 [Data set]","author":"Children\u2019s Bureau, Administration on Children, Youth, Families, & Administration for Children and Families, & U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2024","journal-title":"National Data Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0040","article-title":"The impact of child maltreatment on the educational and psychological well-being of students","volume":"17","author":"Chitiyo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of School Counseling"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb1035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.22271\/27103862.2025.v5.i1a.97","article-title":"Understanding the hidden signs of neglect and abuse in children with intellectual disabilities","volume":"5","author":"Choudhary","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Research in Special Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1352\/1944-7558-128.2.134","article-title":"Childhood sexual abuse, intellectual disability, and subsequent physical and mental health disorders: A matched cohort study","volume":"128","author":"Daigneault","year":"2023","journal-title":"American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101128","article-title":"Child maltreatment investigations and substantiations in child protection services: Factors distinguishing children with intellectual disabilities","volume":"14","author":"De La Sablonni\u00e8re-Griffin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Disability and Health Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1352\/1944-7558-123.2.176","article-title":"Child maltreatment among children with intellectual disability in the Canadian incidence study","volume":"123","author":"Dion","year":"2018","journal-title":"American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12160","article-title":"The prevalence of child sexual abuse in out-of-home care: Increased risk for children with a mild intellectual disability","volume":"29","author":"Euser","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(22)00033-5","article-title":"Global estimates of violence against children with disabilities: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Fang","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361318813998","article-title":"A population-based examination of maltreatment referrals and substantiation for children with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"23","author":"Fisher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autism"},{"issue":"15\u201316","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7414","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260519834996","article-title":"The organizational context of substantiation in child protective services cases","volume":"36","author":"Font","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb1005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s10560-020-00680-6","article-title":"Moral challenges when suspecting abuse and neglect in school children: A mixed method study","volume":"38","author":"Forsner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Child & Adolescent Social Work Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1177\/1088357614539834","article-title":"Involvement of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the child protection system","volume":"30","author":"Hall-Lande","year":"2015","journal-title":"Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/15548732.2025.2461141","article-title":"Enhancing care: Child protective service workers\u2019 perspectives and experiences of serving children with disabilities","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Public Child Welfare"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16132280","article-title":"A systematic review of polyvictimization among children with attention deficit hyperactivity or autism spectrum disorder","volume":"16","author":"Hellstr\u00f6m","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1080\/15548732.2013.843497","article-title":"Prevalence of disabilities and abilities in children investigated for abuse and neglect","volume":"7","author":"Helton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Public Child Welfare"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559517733814","article-title":"Sexual abuse of children with learning disabilities","volume":"23","author":"Helton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104279","article-title":"Risk factors that predict longitudinal patterns of substantiated and unsubstantiated maltreatment reports","volume":"99","author":"Holbrook","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2020.103763","article-title":"Increased risk for child maltreatment in those with developmental disability: A primary health care perspective from Israel","volume":"106","author":"Karni-Visel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Research in Developmental Disabilities"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1080\/09687599.2023.2164848","article-title":"The neglect of a child with intellectual disability as reported in Australian news media: A Foucauldian discourse analysis","volume":"39","author":"Keeley","year":"2024","journal-title":"Disability & Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.12912","article-title":"Subsequent maltreatment in children with disabilities after an unsubstantiated report for neglect","volume":"315","author":"Kistin","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380231179122","article-title":"Sexual abuse of children with disabilities: Key lessons and future directions based on a scoping review","volume":"25","author":"Klebanov","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trauma, Violence & Abuse"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12993","article-title":"Child maltreatment in autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability: Results from a population-based sample","volume":"60","author":"McDonnell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2503","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380231217047","article-title":"Empowering young people with special educational needs to recognize and report child sexual exploitation and abuse: A mixed-methods review","volume":"25","author":"McMinn","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trauma, Violence & Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb1000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106553","article-title":"Educators\u2019 experiences of coping with cases of child abuse and neglect: Challenges and supports","volume":"147","author":"Melkman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb1010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106132","article-title":"Suspicion of child maltreatment: Knowledge and experiences with mandatory reports to social services among general practitioners in Denmark in 2019\u201320","volume":"139","author":"Milidou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0145","author":"National Center for Education Statistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0150","author":"National Center for Education Statistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0155","article-title":"Adversity in childhood is linked to mental and physical health throughout life","volume":"371","author":"Nelson","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2018.05.004","article-title":"Factors associated with intellectual disabilities in maltreated children according to caseworkers in child protective services","volume":"90","author":"Paquette","year":"2018","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1037\/tep0000485","article-title":"Ethical and diversity considerations of mandatory reporting: Implications for training","volume":"18","author":"Pyland","year":"2024","journal-title":"Training and Education in Professional Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1093\/sw\/swz004","article-title":"Child welfare caseworkers and children with developmental disabilities: An exploratory study","volume":"64","author":"Rao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Social Work"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb1030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1177\/1744629507084602","article-title":"Adolescents with intellectual disabilities as victims of abuse","volume":"11","author":"Reiter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Intellectual Disabilities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2024.107499","article-title":"Mandated reporting policies and the detection of child abuse and neglect","volume":"159","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116264","article-title":"Childhood maltreatment in patients with mental illness as a risk factor for obesity","volume":"342","author":"Schalinski","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/15548732.2025.2469168","article-title":"Maltreatment of children with disabilities in the United States","author":"Scurich","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Public Child Welfare"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2010.11.014","article-title":"A qualitative analysis of child protective services practice with children with developmental disabilities","volume":"33","author":"Shannon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106915","article-title":"Family structure and children\u2019s risk of child protective services re-reports","volume":"154","author":"Shipe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.09.010","article-title":"Psychiatric disorders and characteristics of abuse in sexually abused children and adolescents with and without intellectual disabilities","volume":"34","author":"Soylu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Research in Developmental Disabilities"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.16993\/sjdr.963","article-title":"Disability, intersectionality, child welfare, and child protection: Research representations","volume":"25","author":"Thomas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559511427178","article-title":"Disability and victimization in a national sample of children and youth","volume":"16","author":"Turner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0215","article-title":"Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Children\u2019s Bureau","volume":"2022","author":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services","year":"2024","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0220","author":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Planning, Research, and Evaluation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106495","article-title":"Victimization and abuse among children with disabilities: Age adjusted rates in a US national sample","volume":"146","author":"Vanderminden","year":"2023","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S014521342600058X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S014521342600058X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T08:44:15Z","timestamp":1779093855000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S014521342600058X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S014521342600058X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Unequal representation? Examining child and case characteristics in child protective services cases involving disabled children","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.107939","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107939"}}