{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T18:16:27Z","timestamp":1783102587547,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100032654","name":"Human Dignity Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100032654","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000848","name":"University of Edinburgh","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INT21\\u201301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INT21\\u201301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000848","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T19:31:12Z","timestamp":1775849472000},"page":"108033","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Mental health and psychological vulnerabilities in the context of technology-facilitated child sexual exploitation and abuse: A systematic evidence review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"176","author":[{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Page","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Nott\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carleigh","family":"Slater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Cagney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iqra","family":"Ilyas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norsayyidatina Che","family":"Rozubi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberley","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Astha","family":"Ramaiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debi","family":"Fry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/car.70007","article-title":"Self-esteem, family support and online grooming risk among adolescents: The role of problematic internet usage","volume":"33","author":"Aktu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Child Abuse Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033_bb4000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.3390\/disabilities4020017","article-title":"Online child sexual exploitation and abuse of children and adolescents with disabilities: a systematic review","volume":"4","author":"\u00c1lvarez-Guerrero","year":"2024","journal-title":"Disabilities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033_bb0020","article-title":"Risky online behaviour in relation to social support, depression, and anxiety in Czech adolescents","volume":"16","author":"Babilonov\u00e1","year":"2024","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behaviour Reports"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appdev.2010.07.005","article-title":"Unwanted online sexual solicitation and risky sexual onlinebehaviourr across the lifespan","volume":"31","author":"Baumgartner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033_bb0035","series-title":"A secure base: Parent-child attachment and healthy human development","author":"Bowlby","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1007\/s12119-023-10091-1","article-title":"The characteristics of virtual child sexual abuse material offenders and the harms of offending: A qualitative content analysis of print media","volume":"27","author":"Christensen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sexuality and Culture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.10.003","article-title":"Adolescents and self-taken sexual images: A review of the literature","volume":"55","author":"Cooper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behaviour"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2021.10.003","article-title":"Online sexual harassment and cyberbullying in a nationally representative sample of teens: Prevalence, predictors, and consequences","volume":"93","author":"Copp","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033_bb0080","author":"ECPAT International"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2006.06.008","article-title":"Poly-victimisation: A neglected component in child victimisation","volume":"31","author":"Finkelhor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106634","article-title":"The prevalence of child sexual abuse, with online sexual abuse added","volume":"149","author":"Finkelhor","year":"2024","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-139X(04)00086-2","article-title":"Confidential health care for adolescents: Position paper of the Society for Adolescent Medicine","volume":"35","author":"Ford","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(24)00329-8","article-title":"Prevalence estimates and nature of online child sexual exploitation and abuse: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Fry","year":"2025","journal-title":"The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033_bb0115","first-page":"1","article-title":"Stability of the online groomingvictimisationn of minors: Prevalence and associated mental health, self-esteem, and behavioural problems","volume":"96","author":"G\u00e1mez-Guadix","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.03.031","article-title":"The complex experience of child pornography survivors","volume":"80","author":"Gewirtz-Meydan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(03)00037-1","article-title":"Why children tell: A model of children\u2019s disclosure of sexual abuse","volume":"27","author":"Goodman-Brown","year":"2003","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033_bb4005","series-title":"Coping Scale","author":"Hamby","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033_bb4010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106569","article-title":"The risk of sexual-erotic online behavior in adolescents \u2013 Which personality factors predict sexting and grooming victimization?","volume":"114","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.3233\/EFI-180221","article-title":"The mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT) version 2018 for information professionals and researchers","volume":"34","author":"Hong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Education for Information"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-019-0292-1","article-title":"Online sexual abuse of adolescents by a perpetrator met online: A cross-sectional study","volume":"13","author":"Jonsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838013511543","article-title":"Online child sexual exploitation: Prevalence, process, and offender characteristics","volume":"15","author":"Kloess","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trauma, Violence & Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838010378299","article-title":"Child sexual abuse, links to later sexual exploitation\/high-risk sexual behavior, and prevention\/treatment programs","author":"Lalor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trauma, Violence & Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033_bb0200","series-title":"Trends in unwanted online experiences and sexting","author":"Mitchell","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3011","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.23.3011","article-title":"Risk factors for and impact of online sexual solicitation of youth","volume":"285","author":"Mitchell","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559507305996","article-title":"The relative importance of online victimization in understanding depression, delinquency, and substance use","volume":"12","author":"Mitchell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1078","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2983","article-title":"Childhood abuse, avatar choices, and other risk factors associated with internet-initiated victimization of adolescent girls","volume":"123","author":"Noll","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.71.3.575","article-title":"A prospective investigation of the impact of childhood sexual abuse on the development of sexuality","volume":"71","author":"Noll","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.17759\/psylaw.2022120306","article-title":"Clinical and psychological features of minor victims of cybergrooming","volume":"12","author":"Nutskova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychology and Law"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033_bb0240","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"46","author":"Page","year":"2022","journal-title":"Revista Panamericana de Salud P\u00fablica"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/car.70048","article-title":"Psychological and emotional harms of online child sexual exploitation and abuse in children under the age of 18: A systematic review of the evidence","volume":"34","author":"Page","year":"2025","journal-title":"Child Abuse Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033_bb0250","article-title":"Detecting online grooming at its earliest stages: Development and validation of the online grooming risk scale","volume":"10","author":"Pasca","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033_bb0255","series-title":"Guidance on the conduct of narrative synthesis in systematic reviews: A product from the ESRC methods Programme (version 1)","author":"Popay","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033_bb0265","first-page":"1","article-title":"Online child sexual exploitation and the role of computer-mediated communication: A scoping review","author":"Shiau","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Child Sexual Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3390\/soc13020047","article-title":"Children's online safety: Predictive factors of cyberbullying and online grooming involvement","volume":"13","author":"Tintori","year":"2023","journal-title":"Societies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/0022466913479141","article-title":"Patterns of internet use and risk of online victimization for youth with and without disabilities","author":"Wells","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Journal of Special Education."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2012.09.003","article-title":"A review of online grooming: Characteristics and concerns","volume":"18","author":"Whittle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aggression and Violent Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2012.11.008","article-title":"A review of young people\u2019s vulnerabilities to online grooming","volume":"18","author":"Whittle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aggression and Violent Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2017.08.014","article-title":"Sextortion of minors: Characteristics and dynamics","volume":"62","author":"Wolak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213426001535?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213426001535?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T17:29:26Z","timestamp":1783099766000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213426001535"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S0145213426001535"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Mental health and psychological vulnerabilities in the context of technology-facilitated child sexual exploitation and abuse: A systematic evidence review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108033","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108033"}}