{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T05:19:38Z","timestamp":1783055978123,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,5,7]],"date-time":"2027-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1809648000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":310,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UH3DA050174"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3DA050174"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000056","name":"National Institute of Nursing Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F31NR020987"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F31NR020987"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000056","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse &amp; Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T16:03:52Z","timestamp":1778169832000},"page":"108090","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Adversity among youth experiencing homelessness: A latent class analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"177","author":[{"given":"Margaret M.","family":"Fitzpatrick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jodi L.","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Slesnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Browning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ethan","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-025-02740-8","article-title":"Building a comprehensive understanding of 2SLGBTQ+ youth homelessness: A scoping review","volume":"24","author":"Abramovich","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal for Equity in Health"},{"issue":"23\u201324","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11236","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260519898434","article-title":"Victimization and resilience among sexual and gender minority homeless youth engaging in survival sex","volume":"36","author":"Alessi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2014.915181","article-title":"Auxiliary variables in mixture modeling: Three-step approaches using M plus","volume":"21","author":"Asparouhov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-021-02620-4","article-title":"Health and adverse childhood experiences among homeless youth","volume":"21","author":"Barnes","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559514562859","article-title":"Multiple victimizations before and after leaving home associated with PTSD, depression, and substance use disorder among homeless youth","volume":"20","author":"Bender","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1177\/106342660000800403","article-title":"The characteristics and mental health of homeless adolescents: Age and gender differences","volume":"8","author":"Cauce","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.105714","article-title":"Overrepresentation of black children in the child welfare system: A systematic review to understand and better act","volume":"120","author":"C\u00e9nat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.92.5.773","article-title":"Challenges faced by homeless sexual minorities: Comparison of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender homeless adolescents with their heterosexual counterparts","volume":"92","author":"Cochran","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0045","series-title":"Latent class and latent transition analysis: With applications in the social, behavioral, and health sciences","author":"Collins","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0050","series-title":"Trauma Screening and Assessments","author":"Craw","year":"2026"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2019.02.042","article-title":"Cumulative adversity profiles among youth experiencing housing and parental care instability","volume":"100","author":"Crum\u00e9","year":"2019","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.03.005","article-title":"Trauma and homelessness in youth: Psychopathology and intervention","volume":"54","author":"Davies","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105670","article-title":"Sex differences in poly-victimization among youth experiencing homelessness prior to substance use treatment","volume":"129","author":"DiGuiseppi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2006.06.008","article-title":"Poly-victimization: A neglected component in child victimization","volume":"31","author":"Finkelhor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1111\/phn.13183","article-title":"Application of the ecobiodevelopmental model for research among youth experiencing homelessness","volume":"40","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2023","journal-title":"Public Health Nursing"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-1108","article-title":"Suicide attempts and childhood maltreatment among street youth: A prospective cohort study","volume":"136","author":"Hadland","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-020-01092-9","article-title":"Longitudinal associations between early-mid adolescent risk and protective factors and young adult homelessness in Australia and the United States","volume":"21","author":"Heerde","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prevention Science\u00a0: The Official Journal of the Society for Prevention Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-017-2365-1","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and child health outcomes: Comparing cumulative risk and latent class approaches","volume":"22","author":"Lanier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Maternal and Child Health Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2023.101909","article-title":"The relationship between cash-based interventions and violence: A systematic review and evidence map","volume":"75","author":"Machado","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aggression and Violent Behavior"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0226306","article-title":"Common trust and personal safety issues: A systematic review on the acceptability of health and social interventions for persons with lived experience of homelessness","volume":"14","author":"Magwood","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106886","article-title":"Discovering sources of resilience among homeless LGBTQ+ youth in out-of-home care in Israel: An ecological framework","volume":"154","author":"Mazursky","year":"2024","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0110","unstructured":"McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act, 42 U.S.C \u00a7 11302 (2018)."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2017.10.006","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of youth homelessness in the United States","volume":"62","author":"Morton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0120","series-title":"Mplus User\u2019s Guide","author":"Muth\u00e9n","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2018.01.034","article-title":"Risk and resilience among young adults experiencing homelessness: A typology for service planning","volume":"86","author":"Narendorf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1177\/0002716221991040","article-title":"Racial inequity and homelessness: Findings from the SPARC study","volume":"693","author":"Olivet","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2172","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260513516864","article-title":"The social networks of homeless youth experiencing intimate partner violence","volume":"29","author":"Petering","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-018-02698-w","article-title":"Homelessness in childhood and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)","volume":"23","author":"Radcliff","year":"2019","journal-title":"Maternal and Child Health Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2017.02.004","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences among youth aging out of foster care: A latent class analysis","volume":"74","author":"Rebbe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2023.06.013","article-title":"Examining the role of duration and frequency of homelessness on health outcomes among unsheltered young adults","volume":"73","author":"Richards","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Journal of Adolescent Health: Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine"},{"issue":"1\/2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/ajcp.12098","article-title":"Predicting homelessness among emerging adults aging out of foster care","volume":"60","author":"Shah","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Journal of Community Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-021-00237-7","article-title":"Housing, opportunities, motivation and engagement (HOME) for homeless youth at-risk for opioid use disorder: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Slesnick","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addiction Science & Clinical Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2015.02.001","article-title":"A comparison of three interventions for homeless youth evidencing substance use disorders: Results of a randomized clinical trial","volume":"54","author":"Slesnick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1093\/sw\/sww009","article-title":"Homeless youths\u2019 caretakers: The mediating role of childhood abuse on street victimization and housing instability","volume":"61","author":"Slesnick","year":"2016","journal-title":"Social Work"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1080\/13676261.2015.1020930","article-title":"Longitudinal predictors of homelessness: Findings from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-97","volume":"18","author":"Sznajder-Murray","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Youth Studies"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1080\/10852350902735551","article-title":"Age differences among homeless individuals: Adolescence through adulthood","volume":"37","author":"Tompsett","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0185","series-title":"Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications","article-title":"The impact of childhood sexual abuse on later sexual victimization among runaway youth","author":"Tyler","year":"2001"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(02)00413-1","article-title":"Perpetrators of early physical and sexual abuse among homeless and runaway adolescents","volume":"26","author":"Tyler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"15\u201316","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7202","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260519834090","article-title":"A latent class analysis of lifetime victimization among homeless youth","volume":"36","author":"Tyler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2013.07.014","article-title":"Family histories and multiple transitions among homeless young adults: Pathways to homelessness","volume":"35","author":"Tyler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1080\/15299732.2018.1451971","article-title":"A comparison of risk factors for various forms of trauma in the lives of lesbian, gay, bisexual and heterosexual homeless youth","volume":"19","author":"Tyler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation\u00a0: The Official Journal of the International Society for the Study of Dissociation (ISSD)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2018.11.018","article-title":"Child abuse, mental health and sleeping arrangements among homeless youth: Links to physical and sexual street victimization","volume":"95","author":"Tyler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1177\/0044118X18767032","article-title":"Childhood disadvantage, social and psychological stress, and substance use among homeless youth: A life stress framework","volume":"52","author":"Tyler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Youth & Society"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2009.03.027","article-title":"A longitudinal population-based study of factors in adolescence predicting homelessness in young adulthood","volume":"45","author":"van den Bree","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Journal of Adolescent Health: Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1093\/pan\/mpq025","article-title":"Latent class modeling with covariates: Two improved three-step approaches","volume":"18","author":"Vermunt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Political Analysis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1177\/0095798420930932","article-title":"Latent class analysis: A guide to best practice","volume":"46","author":"Weller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Black Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022891802943","article-title":"A risk-amplification model of victimization and depressive symptoms among runaway and homeless adolescents","volume":"27","author":"Whitbeck","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Community Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260514556770","article-title":"The impact of specific and complex trauma on the mental health of homeless youth","volume":"31","author":"Wong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse &amp; Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213426002103?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213426002103?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T04:53:19Z","timestamp":1783054399000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213426002103"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S0145213426002103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Adversity among youth experiencing homelessness: A latent class analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108090","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108090"}}