{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T01:49:34Z","timestamp":1789004974829,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005247","name":"University of British Columbia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005247","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T19:22:38Z","timestamp":1778872958000},"page":"108115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Child maltreatment cases in Ontario and British Columbia during the pandemic: A comparative study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"177","author":[{"given":"Kelvin Bo Him","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahra","family":"Rajabali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shazya","family":"Karmali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"McFaull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aim\u00e9e","family":"Campeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Carsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Pike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Macpherson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Richmond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2905","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-024-05526-2","article-title":"A silent scream in the pediatric emergency department: Child abuse and neglect","volume":"183","author":"Akkaya","year":"2024","journal-title":"European Journal of Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-014-9668-4","article-title":"Gender differences in the impact of abuse and neglect victimization on adolescent offending behavior","volume":"30","author":"Asscher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Family Violence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0015","series-title":"What do we know about physical and non-physical childhood maltreatment in Canada?","author":"Bader","year":"2023"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192214633","article-title":"Concerns about household violence during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"19","author":"Blair","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s00148-020-00800-7","article-title":"Working from home and income inequality: Risks of a \u2018new normal\u2019 with COVID-19","volume":"34","author":"Bonacini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Population Economics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0030","first-page":"1","article-title":"How the provinces compare in their COVID-19 responses","volume":"4","author":"Breton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Policy Options"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0035","article-title":"An increasing risk of family violence during the Covid-19 pandemic: Strengthening community collaborations to save lives","volume":"2","author":"Campbell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Forensic Science International: Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-019-1788-9","article-title":"Sentinel surveillance of child maltreatment cases presenting to Canadian emergency departments","volume":"19","author":"Campeau","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Pediatrics"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0045","article-title":"COVID-19 and violence against children: A review of early studies","volume":"116","author":"Cappa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106645","article-title":"Child abuse and neglect during the COVID-19 pandemic: An umbrella review","volume":"149","author":"Carsley","year":"2024","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0055","author":"CBC News"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2022-056284","article-title":"Emergency department child abuse evaluations during COVID-19: A multicenter study","volume":"150","author":"Chaiyachati","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3390\/soc14090173","article-title":"A systematic review of economic and concrete support to prevent child maltreatment","volume":"14","author":"Cusick","year":"2024","journal-title":"Societies"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3887","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380241266183","article-title":"Parenting interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review of the rationales, process, feasibility, acceptability, and impacts of adaptation","volume":"25","author":"Fang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trauma, Violence & Abuse"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9593","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18189593","article-title":"Victims and perpetrators of child sexual abuse: Abusive contact and penetration experiences","volume":"18","author":"Ferragut","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0080","first-page":"1","article-title":"COVID-19 shut down B.C. schools\u2014So why are daycares still open?","volume":"1","author":"Fletcher","year":"2020","journal-title":"CBC News"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-021-03358-2","article-title":"Maltreatment related hospitalizations among children ages 17\u00a0years and younger: New York State, 2011-2013","volume":"26","author":"Ghazaryan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Maternal and Child Health Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s40653-022-00473-2","article-title":"Teachers\u2019 responses to child maltreatment","volume":"16","author":"Glouchkow","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0095","series-title":"Summary of evidence supporting COVID-19 public health measures","author":"Government of Canada","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0100","series-title":"Overview of Canada\u2019s COVID-19 economic response plan","author":"Government of Canada","year":"2026"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0105","series-title":"Teachers critical to detecting and reporting child maltreatment","author":"Hanchett","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0110","author":"Injury Surveillance Team, Public Health Agency Canada"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-066840","article-title":"Predictors of harsh parenting practices and inter-partner conflict during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada: A cross-sectional analysis from the Ontario Parent Survey","volume":"13","author":"Joshi","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0120","article-title":"Kindergarten teachers\u2019 experience with reporting child abuse in Taiwan","volume":"34","author":"Jy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(00)00218-0","article-title":"Child abuse reporting: Teachers\u2019 perceived deterrents","volume":"25","author":"Kenny","year":"2001","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-4679(02)00575-9","article-title":"Child abuse and neglect presentations to a pediatric emergency department","volume":"23","author":"Keshavarz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Emergency Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2010.202358","article-title":"Detection of child abuse in emergency departments: A multi-centre study","volume":"96","author":"Louwers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chipro.2024.100020","article-title":"Inflicted violence-related injuries among children and youth in Ontario during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"2","author":"Medeiros","year":"2024","journal-title":"Child Protection and Practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-1071-7","article-title":"Gender moderates the relationship between childhood abuse and internalizing and substance use disorders later in life: A cross-sectional analysis","volume":"16","author":"Meng","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0150","series-title":"Focus on: Trauma informed practices for children and families during the COVID-19 pandemic","author":"Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion (Public Health Ontario)","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0155","series-title":"Negative impacts of community-based public health measures on children, adolescents and families during the COVID-19 pandemic: Update","author":"Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion (Public Health Ontario)","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-020-00347-1","article-title":"Family violence against children in the wake of COVID-19 pandemic: A review of current perspectives and risk factors","volume":"14","author":"Pereda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrimjus.2021.101806","article-title":"Domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic\u2014Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"74","author":"Piquero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Criminal Justice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0170","article-title":"Understanding the effects of Covid-19 through a life course lens","volume":"45","author":"Settersten","year":"2020","journal-title":"Current Perspectives on Aging and the Life Cycle"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-063991","article-title":"Depression, parenting and the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada: Results from three nationally representative cross-sectional surveys","volume":"13","author":"Shields","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105929","article-title":"Child maltreatment reporting during the initial weeks of COVID-19 in the US: Findings from NCANDS","volume":"134","author":"Shusterman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.94.4.599","article-title":"Gender differences in long-term health consequences of physical abuse of children: Data from a nationally representative survey","volume":"94","author":"Thompson","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12735","article-title":"Family violence and COVID-19: Increased vulnerability and reduced options for support","volume":"29","author":"Usher","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health Nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1139\/facets-2021-0080","article-title":"COVID-19 school closures and social isolation in children and youth: Prioritizing relationships in education","volume":"6","author":"Vaillancourt","year":"2021","journal-title":"FACETS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115_bb0200","author":"World Health Organization"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213426002358?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213426002358?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T04:45:41Z","timestamp":1780548341000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213426002358"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0145213426002358"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Child maltreatment cases in Ontario and British Columbia during the pandemic: A comparative study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108115","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Crown Copyright \u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108115"}}