{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T09:02:56Z","timestamp":1789376576736,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,8,18]],"date-time":"2027-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1818547200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":321,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG034676"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG034676"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011542","name":"Mayo Clinic Center for Clinical and Translational Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR002377"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002377"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse &amp; Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T11:06:56Z","timestamp":1787051216000},"page":"108280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Infant, maternal and pregnancy associated risk factors for offspring fractures during infancy \u2013 A population-based study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"180","author":[{"given":"Chris","family":"Derauf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasika","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Hentz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. Dean","family":"Potter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan R.","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Melville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kww119","article-title":"Plurality of birth and infant mortality due to external causes in the United States, 2000\u20132010","volume":"185","author":"Ahrens","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78.e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2019.08.026","article-title":"Investigating rolling as mechanism for humeral fractures in non-ambulant infants: A preliminary finite element study","volume":"75","author":"Altai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical Radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2006.106120","article-title":"Unexplained fractures in infancy: Looking for fragile bones","volume":"92","author":"Bishop","year":"2007","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0020","article-title":"Maternal smoking during pregnancy and fractures in offspring: National register based sibling comparison study","volume":"368","author":"Brand","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E48","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.4.e48","article-title":"Cause and clinical characteristics of rib fractures in infants","volume":"105","author":"Bulloch","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/16204","article-title":"PediTools electronic growth chart calculators: Applications in clinical care, research, and quality improvement","volume":"22","author":"Chou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Internet Research"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.040902","article-title":"Epidemiology of childhood fractures in Britain: A study using the general practice research database","volume":"19","author":"Cooper","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-13-59","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis to revise the Fenton growth chart for preterm infants","volume":"13","author":"Fenton","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e477","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-3793","article-title":"Evaluating children with fractures for child physical abuse","volume":"133","author":"Flaherty","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181f98300","article-title":"Epidemiologic research using administrative databases: Garbage in, garbage out","volume":"116","author":"Grimes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2024-070074","article-title":"Evaluating young children with fractures for child abuse: Clinical report","volume":"155","author":"Haney","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2014A metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1017\/S2040174409990055","article-title":"Maternal predictors of neonatal bone size and geometry: The Southampton women\u2019s survey","volume":"1","author":"Harvey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.3109\/17453671003628780","article-title":"Epidemiology of fractures in children and adolescents","volume":"81","author":"Hedstr\u00f6m","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Orthopaedica"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0208033","article-title":"Metabolic bone disease risk factors strongly contributing to long bone and rib fractures during early infancy: A population register study","volume":"13","author":"H\u00f6gberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19381980.2017.1279768","article-title":"Multiple fractures in infants who have Ehlers-Danlos\/hypermobility syndrome and or vitamin D deficiency: A case series of 72 infants whose parents were accused of child abuse and neglect","volume":"9","author":"Holick","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatoendocrinol"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i71","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2019-043513","article-title":"Accuracy of ICD-10-CM coding for physical child abuse in a paediatric level I trauma Centre","volume":"27","author":"Hughes Garza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Injury Prevention"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1996.02170270108021","article-title":"Abusive spiral fractures of the humerus: A videotaped exception","volume":"150","author":"Hymel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4923","article-title":"Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring\u2019s risk for bone fracture in childhood and adolescence","volume":"38","author":"K\u00e4\u00e4nt\u00e4","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-069199","article-title":"ICD-10 codes for surveillance of non-fatal abusive head trauma in Aotearoa New Zealand: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Knappstein","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2006.07.004","article-title":"Are abusive fractures in young children becoming less common? Changes over 24 years","volume":"31","author":"Leventhal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1959","article-title":"Incidence of fractures attributable to abuse in young hospitalized children: Results from analysis of a United States database","volume":"122","author":"Leventhal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1993.02160250089028","article-title":"Fractures in young children. Distinguishing child abuse from unintentional injuries","volume":"147","author":"Leventhal","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Journal of Diseases of Children"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579418001700","article-title":"Testing the cycle of maltreatment hypothesis: Meta-analytic evidence of the intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment","volume":"31","author":"Madigan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb9000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2017.02.004","article-title":"Bone fracture in severe small-for-gestational-age, extremely low birth weight infants: A single-center analysis","volume":"106-107","author":"Maruyama","year":"2017","journal-title":"Early Human Development"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2018.05.010","article-title":"Risk factors for maltreatment-related infant hospitalizations in new York City, 1995\u20132004","volume":"28","author":"Mason","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annals of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13072302","article-title":"Maternal diet, nutritional status, and birth-related factors influencing offspring\u2019s bone mineral density: A narrative review of observational, cohort, and randomized controlled trials","volume":"13","author":"Masztalerz-Kozubek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000041701","article-title":"Hypothesis: Young infant bone strength is a multifactorial trait","volume":"104","author":"Miller","year":"2025","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2022.02.009","article-title":"Metabolic bone disease of infancy in the offspring of mothers with bariatric surgery: A series of 5 infants in contested cases of child abuse","volume":"48","author":"Miller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clinical Nutrition ESPEN"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2019-0093","article-title":"Findings of metabolic bone disease in infants with unexplained fractures in contested child abuse investigations: A case series of 75 infants","volume":"32","author":"Miller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000000911","article-title":"Prevalence of abuse among young children with rib fractures: A systematic review","volume":"35","author":"Paine","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatric Emergency Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1177\/014107689008300205","article-title":"Osteogenesis imperfecta and other bone disorders in the differential diagnosis of unexplained fractures","volume":"83","author":"Paterson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.21.25655","article-title":"Debunking fringe beliefs in child abuse imaging: AJR expert panel narrative review","volume":"217","author":"Pfeifer","year":"2021","journal-title":"AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0165","series-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2021"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2016.06.003","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and later life adult obesity and smoking in the United States","volume":"26","author":"Rehkopf","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annals of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx268","article-title":"Data resource profile: Expansion of the Rochester epidemiology project medical records-linkage system (E-REP)","volume":"47","author":"Rocca","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-07633-5","article-title":"The incidence of fractures in children under two years of age: A systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Rosendahl","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0185","series-title":"SAS software (version 9.4)","author":"SAS Institute Inc.","year":"2013"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-016-3546-6","article-title":"The etiology and significance of fractures in infants and young children: A critical multidisciplinary review","volume":"46","author":"Servaes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatric Radiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.2000.00592.x","article-title":"Non-accidental fractures in infants: Risk of further abuse","volume":"36","author":"Skellern","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-014-2954-8","article-title":"Humeral fracture in non-ambulant infants\u2014A possible accidental mechanism","volume":"44","author":"Somers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatric Radiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2005.042085","article-title":"Child abuse registration, fetal growth, and preterm birth: A population-based study","volume":"60","author":"Spencer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2011.11.009","article-title":"Generalizability of epidemiological findings and public health decisions: An illustration from the Rochester epidemiology project","volume":"87","author":"St Sauver","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mayo Clinic Proceedings"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2012.06.017","article-title":"Small-for-gestational-age preterm-born infants already have lower bone mass during early infancy","volume":"51","author":"van de Lagemaat","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-3242","article-title":"Development of guidelines for skeletal survey in young children with fractures","volume":"134","author":"Wood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse &amp; Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S014521342600400X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S014521342600400X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T08:08:46Z","timestamp":1789373326000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S014521342600400X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S014521342600400X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Infant, maternal and pregnancy associated risk factors for offspring fractures during infancy \u2013 A population-based study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108280","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108280"}}