{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T17:32:37Z","timestamp":1793122357809,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse &amp; Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T22:04:43Z","timestamp":1792274683000},"page":"108372","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The structural drivers of violence against children in Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu: An exploratory review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"182","author":[{"given":"Katherine","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minhui","family":"Law","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"Doel-Mackaway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-023-02248-9","article-title":"Exposure to interparental violence and justification of intimate partner violence among women in Papua New Guinea","volume":"23","author":"Aboagye","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Women's Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-023-02179-5","article-title":"Exposure to interparental violence and intimate partner violence among women in Papua New Guinea","volume":"23","author":"Ahinkorah","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Women's Health"},{"issue":"sup1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1080\/17450128.2018.1476747","article-title":"The multi-country study on the drivers of violence affecting children in Peru: The process and its outcomes","volume":"13","author":"Ames","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-023-03624-y","article-title":"Stories of loss and healing: connecting non-economic loss and damage, gender-based violence and wellbeing erosion in the Asia\u2013Pacific region","volume":"176","author":"Ayeb-Karlsson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Climatic Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0020","author":"Bakrania"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0025","series-title":"World risk report 2020. Focus: Forced displacement and migration","author":"Behlert","year":"2021"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1007\/s12110-023-09456-0","article-title":"Adoption, fostering, and parental absence in Vanuatu","volume":"34","author":"Brandl","year":"2023","journal-title":"Human Nature"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605221086642","article-title":"High-risk contexts for violence against women: Using latent class analysis to understand structural and contextual drivers of intimate partner violence at the national level","volume":"38","author":"Brown","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0040","series-title":"\u2018Just married, just a child\u2019: Child marriage in the Indo-Pacific region","author":"Burn","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0050","series-title":"Situation analysis of children in the Pacific Island countries","author":"Coram International","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0055","author":"Datzberger"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0060","author":"Davy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0070","author":"ECPAT International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0075","author":"Fatiaki"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0080","series-title":"Learning from men in Papua New Guinea (PNG) about power and relationships (at home and in the community)","author":"Feinstein","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0085","series-title":"Fiji Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2021, survey findings report","author":"Fiji Bureau of Statistics","year":"2022"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e187","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70074-3","article-title":"Prevalence of and factors associated with male perpetration of intimate partner violence: Findings from the UN multi-country cross-sectional study on men and violence in Asia and the Pacific","volume":"1","author":"Fulu","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Lancet Global Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e512","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30103-1","article-title":"Pathways between childhood trauma, intimate partner violence, and harsh parenting: Findings from the UN multi-country study on men and violence in Asia and the Pacific","volume":"5","author":"Fulu","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0100","author":"Fulu"},{"issue":"3, Supplement","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2021.11.003","article-title":"Premarital conception as a driver of child marriage and early union in selected countries in Southeast Asia and the Pacific","volume":"70","author":"Harvey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0110","article-title":"\u2018Raits blong mere\u2019? Framing human rights and gender relations in Solomon Islands","volume":"33","author":"Hermkens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gender and Sexuality in Asia and the Pacific"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0115","series-title":"Transforming harmful gender norms in Solomon Islands: A study of the Oxfam Safe Families program","author":"Homan","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0120","author":"Howes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0125","author":"ILO"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0130","author":"IOM"},{"issue":"sup1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1080\/17450128.2018.1478475","article-title":"The multi-country study on the drivers of violence affecting children in Zimbabwe: Using a mixed methods, multi-stakeholder approach to discover what drives violence","volume":"13","author":"Izumi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e208","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70069-X","article-title":"Prevalence of and factors associated with non-partner rape perpetration: Findings from the UN multi-country cross-sectional study on men and violence in Asia and the Pacific","volume":"1","author":"Jewkes","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Lancet Global Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002381","article-title":"Women's and men's reports of past-year prevalence of intimate partner violence and rape and women's risk factors for intimate partner violence: A multicountry cross-sectional study in Asia and the Pacific","volume":"14","author":"Jewkes","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1473","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30354-5","article-title":"Gender inequalities in health and wellbeing across the first two decades of life: An analysis of 40 low-income and middle-income countries in the Asia-Pacific region","volume":"8","author":"Kennedy","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet Global Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2158244015581017","article-title":"Mixed methods for study of gender issues in access, application, and attitudes toward ICT in higher education institutions in Papua New Guinea","volume":"5","author":"Kolodziejczyk","year":"2015","journal-title":"SAGE Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.105679","article-title":"Child maltreatment as reported in a survey of the parents and teachers of primary school-aged children in Tonga","volume":"120","author":"Langridge","year":"2021","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.16417","article-title":"Investigating the health status of primary school children in Tonga: Lessons learnt and reflections on field work in the Pacific Islands","volume":"59","author":"Langridge","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0170","series-title":"Change and continuity in the Pacific: Revisiting the region","first-page":"118","article-title":"Becoming Tongan today","author":"Lee","year":"2018"},{"issue":"sup1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1080\/17450128.2018.1476749","article-title":"Applying the child-centred and integrated framework for violence prevention: A case study on physical violence in Viet Nam","volume":"13","author":"Loan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539518792911","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences, mental health, and risk behaviors among men in the Solomon Islands","volume":"30","author":"Lui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-007704","article-title":"Risk factors for violence against women in high-prevalence settings: A mixed-methods systematic review and meta-synthesis","volume":"7","author":"Mannell","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Global Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0190","series-title":"Pacific masculinities: Exploring men's perspectives and experiences of masculinity, and efforts to engage men and boys in preventing violence in Papua New Guinea and Fiji RMIT","author":"Masta","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0195","author":"Maternowska"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0200","series-title":"Children and peace: From research to action","first-page":"141","article-title":"Beyond risk factors: Structural drivers of violence affecting children","author":"Maternowska","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1163\/15718158-15010205","article-title":"Corporal punishment of children in Tonga - A violation of constitutional rights","volume":"15","author":"McLean","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asia Pacific Journal on Human Rights and the Law"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0210","author":"M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0215","series-title":"COVID-19 and social protection: A study in human resilience and social solidarity","first-page":"279","article-title":"Vulnerability of children in Fiji: The impact of COVID-19","author":"Meo-Sewabu","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0220","author":"Mutha-Merennege"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0225","series-title":"Solomon Islands' road to recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic: Key findings of public opinion research","author":"National Democratic Institute","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0230","series-title":"Pikinini Stap Sef, Filem Sef: Progress report","author":"Naughton-Watt","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0235","series-title":"Gender violence & human rights: Seeking justice in Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Vanuatu","article-title":"Villages, violence and atonement in Fiji","author":"Newland","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0240","series-title":"Online pornography and its impacts on young people: A Pacific case study","author":"Newman","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0245","author":"Pacific Community"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1163\/15718182-02503003","article-title":"De-colonising human rights: Customary justice and child protection in PNG","volume":"25","author":"Paton","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Children's Rights"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0255","series-title":"Report of the independent expert for the United Nations Study on Violence against Children","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0260","author":"Plan International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0265","author":"Plan International Australia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0270","series-title":"Papua New Guinea Demographic and Health Survey 2016\u201318","author":"PNG National Statistical Office","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0275","article-title":"What is the current evidence for the relationship between the climate and environmental crises and child marriage? A scoping review","volume":"18","author":"Pope","year":"2022","journal-title":"Global Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0285","article-title":"Parenting for child development: The development and preliminary pilot of a parenting intervention to reduce violence against children in Papua New Guinea","author":"Robinson","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Social Work"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0290","series-title":"Implementing the SDG Stimulus. Sustainable Development Report 2023","author":"Sachs","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0295","author":"Save the Children"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0300","series-title":"Strengthening Child Protection Systems: A guide for Country Offices","author":"Save the Children","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0305","series-title":"SCSC Endline report: End of project evaluation for Save the Children's Safe Communities, Safe Children Project in Papua New Guinea (2017\u20132021)","author":"Save the Children","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0310","author":"Save the Children Fiji"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0320","article-title":"Child welfare in the South Pacific: Deciding child protection matters across Pasifika nations","volume":"24","author":"Sheehan","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal on Child Maltreatment: Research, Policy and Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0325","series-title":"Solomon Islands Demographic and Health Survey 2015","author":"SI National Statistics Office","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0330","author":"Szamier"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0335","author":"Third"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1080\/15575330.2019.1599031","article-title":"Mobilizing cultural supports against the commercial sexual exploitation of (female) children (CSEC) in Solomon Islands community development","volume":"50","author":"Thompson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Community Development"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1177\/0020872818755857","article-title":"Integrating Indigenous approaches and relationship-based ethics for culturally safe interventions: Child protection in Solomon Islands","volume":"62","author":"Thompson","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Social Work"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0350","series-title":"Kipim Pikinini Seif. Child Protection and Child Safeguarding in the Vanuatu education system: Final Report for Consultancy \u2013 Vanuatu Seif Skul Project","author":"Thuso Limited","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0355","author":"Tichener"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-016-0054-x","article-title":"The mental health and psychosocial impact of the Bougainville Crisis: A synthesis of available information","volume":"10","author":"Tierney","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0365","series-title":"Tonga 2019 MICS Survey Findings Report","author":"Tonga Statistics Department","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1177\/0020872818775474","article-title":"Fijian women's experiences of domestic violence and mothers' perceived impact of children's exposure to abuse in the home","volume":"63","author":"Tonsing","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Social Work"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0380","author":"U.S Department of State"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0385","author":"UN Women"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0390","author":"UNESCO"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0395","author":"UNFPA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0400","author":"UNFPA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0425","author":"UNICEF"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0405","author":"UNICEF"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0410","author":"UNICEF"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0415","series-title":"Child marriage country profiles: Papua New Guinea","author":"UNICEF","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0420","author":"UNICEF"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0435","author":"UNICEF"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0430","author":"UNICEF EAPRO"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0440","author":"United Nations Pacific"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0445","series-title":"Vanuatu Demographic and Health Survey, 2013","author":"Vanuatu National Statistics Office","year":"2014"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1080\/14681811.2014.934443","article-title":"\u2018It's good to teach them, but \u2026 they should also know when to apply it\u2019: Parents' views and attitudes towards Fiji's Family Life Education curriculum","volume":"14","author":"Varani-Norton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sex Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0460","author":"WHO"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0455","author":"WHO"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0465","author":"World Bank"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372_bb0470","author":"World Bank"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse &amp; Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213426004928?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145213426004928?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T16:43:55Z","timestamp":1793119435000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145213426004928"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":90,"alternative-id":["S0145213426004928"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The structural drivers of violence against children in Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu: An exploratory review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108372","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108372"}}