{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T17:32:47Z","timestamp":1793122367667,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T22:38:07Z","timestamp":1792449487000},"page":"108383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Mandatory reporting of child sexual exploitation online: A qualitative study of school staff perspectives in Hong Kong"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"182","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5589-4986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica C.M.","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9039-1971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taylor, W.F.","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4452-6819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvia Y.C.L.","family":"Kwok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0005","series-title":"Qualitative data analysis: Practical strategies","author":"Bazeley","year":"2013"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology","volume":"3","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qualitative Research in Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0015","first-page":"141","article-title":"Childhood sexual abuse: Disclosure and mandatory reporting\u2014ethical and clinical implications","volume":"24","author":"Burbridge-James","year":"2018","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry Advances"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108050","article-title":"Adolescent disclosure of child sexual abuse in psychiatric care: A French qualitative study of adolescents and their parents","volume":"176","author":"Carretier","year":"2026","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-009-9265-0","article-title":"Assessing the relative importance of the child sexual abuse interview protocol items to assist child victims in abuse disclosure","volume":"25","author":"Cheung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Family Violence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0030","author":"Childlight Global Child Safety Institute"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0035","series-title":"Terminology guidelines for protection of children from sexual exploitation and sexual abuse","author":"ECPAT International","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0040","author":"Education Bureau"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1111\/1745-9133.12456","article-title":"Failing victims? Challenges of the police response to human trafficking","volume":"18","author":"Farrell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Criminology & Public Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s10611-013-9442-1","article-title":"New laws but few cases: Understanding the challenges to the investigation and prosecution of human trafficking cases","volume":"61","author":"Farrell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crime, Law and Social Change"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijer.2007.09.002","article-title":"Primary school student-teachers' knowledge and understandings of child sexual abuse and its mandatory reporting","volume":"46","author":"Goldman","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Educational Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.07.004","article-title":"School staff members' experience and knowledge in the reporting of potential child and youth victimization","volume":"72","author":"Greco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0065","series-title":"Mandatory Reporting of Child Abuse Ordinance, Cap. 650","author":"Hong Kong e-Legislation","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0070","author":"Hong Kong Family Law Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0075","author":"Hong Kong Lawyer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0080","author":"Hong Kong Police Force"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(90)90082-5","article-title":"Professionals' adherence to mandatory child abuse reporting laws: Effects of responsibility attribution, confidence ratings, and situational factors","volume":"14","author":"Kalichman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(00)00218-0","article-title":"Child abuse reporting: Teachers' perceived deterrents","volume":"25","author":"Kenny","year":"2001","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0090","article-title":"Variables affecting the attitudes of teachers and school principals in reporting child abuse: An analysis of demographic characteristics, awareness, and self-efficacy","volume":"145","author":"K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckayd\u0131n","year":"2023","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0095","series-title":"Combating the exploitation of children in cyberspace","first-page":"19","article-title":"The deep web and children cyber exploitation","author":"Kumar","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108037","article-title":"United States mandated reporters' perspectives on reporting child maltreatment: A systematic scoping review","volume":"176","author":"Lau","year":"2026","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106597","article-title":"Assessing online sexual exploitation among secondary students in Tanzania from a routine activity theory perspective","volume":"147","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104898","article-title":"Capacity, confidence and training of Canadian educators and school staff to recognize and respond to child sexual abuse and internet exploitation","volume":"112","author":"Lindenbach","year":"2021","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0110","author":"Macau Daily"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.12.003","article-title":"A taxonomy of duties to report child sexual abuse: Legal developments and disclosure facilitation","volume":"88","author":"Mathews","year":"2019","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107803","article-title":"Characteristics of first disclosure of child sexual abuse: Age, delay, recipient, and feeling of support","volume":"170","author":"Mathews","year":"2025","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2016.04.009","article-title":"Impact of a new mandatory reporting law on reporting and identification of child sexual abuse: A seven-year time trend analysis","volume":"60","author":"Mathews","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.01.025","article-title":"Reports of child sexual abuse of boys and girls: Longitudinal trends over a 20-year period in Victoria, Australia","volume":"66","author":"Mathews","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmmh.2025.100581","article-title":"Online child sexual victimization and associated health risk behaviours and mental disorders: Findings from a national survey in Australia","volume":"9","author":"Mathews","year":"2026","journal-title":"SSM - Mental Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107869","article-title":"Perceived barriers to and facilitators of technology-assisted child sexual abuse disclosure: A systematic review","volume":"172","author":"McGinn","year":"2026","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108173","article-title":"Trust and self-efficacy in reporting child sexual abuse to law enforcement: Evidence from Germany","volume":"178","author":"Mensing","year":"2026","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0195","article-title":"Online sexual exploitation of adolescents in Tanzania: Explaining help-seeking intention using the theory of planned behaviour","volume":"154","author":"Mlyakado","year":"2023","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104261","article-title":"Mandatory reporting between legal requirements and personal interpretations: Community healthcare professionals\u2019 reporting of child maltreatment","volume":"101","author":"Nouman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0140","series-title":"Education at a glance 2025: OECD indicators","author":"OECD","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0145","author":"Procuratorate of the People'\u2019s Republic of China"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0150","series-title":"Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers","first-page":"77","article-title":"Designing and selecting samples","author":"Ritchie","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0155","series-title":"Protecting children from maltreatment: Procedural guide for multi-disciplinary co-operation (revised 2026)","author":"Social Welfare Department and others","year":"2026"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.03.002","article-title":"Case, teacher, and school characteristics influencing teachers' detection and reporting of child physical abuse and neglect","volume":"32","author":"Walsh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.02.007","article-title":"Overreporting and underreporting of child abuse: Teachers' use of professional discretion","volume":"29","author":"Webster","year":"2005","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"}],"container-title":["Child Abuse & Neglect"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S014521342600503X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S014521342600503X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T16:44:50Z","timestamp":1793119490000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S014521342600503X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S014521342600503X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-2134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-2134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Mandatory reporting of child sexual exploitation online: A qualitative study of school staff perspectives in Hong Kong","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Child Abuse & Neglect","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2026.108383","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108383"}}