{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:22:58Z","timestamp":1791289378373,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338508800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338508800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,17]],"date-time":"2013-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":411,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Host & Microbe"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,13]],"date-time":"2012-06-13T12:56:36Z","timestamp":1339592196000},"page":"631-642","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":166,"title":["Timing and Magnitude of Type I Interferon Responses by Distinct Sensors Impact CD8\u00a0T Cell Exhaustion and Chronic Viral Infection"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yaming","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Swiecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Cella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gottfried","family":"Alber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert\u00a0D.","family":"Schreiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Gilfillan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Colonna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2102","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.62.6.2102-2106.1988","article-title":"T4+ T helper cell function in\u00a0vivo: differential requirement for induction of antiviral cytotoxic T-cell and antibody responses","volume":"62","author":"Ahmed","year":"1988","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20091193","article-title":"Innate immunity defines the capacity of antiviral T\u00a0cells to limit persistent infection","volume":"207","author":"Andrews","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2011.0006","article-title":"Evaluation of the immunomodulatory and antiviral effects of the cytokine combination IFN-\u03b1 and IL-7 in the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and Friend retrovirus mouse infection models","volume":"24","author":"Audig\u00e9","year":"2011","journal-title":"Viral Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-031210-101340","article-title":"Nucleic acid recognition by the innate immune system","volume":"29","author":"Barbalat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4700","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.68.7.4700-4704.1994","article-title":"Enhanced establishment of a virus carrier state in adult CD4+ T-cell-deficient mice","volume":"68","author":"Battegay","year":"1994","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21641","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1011998107","article-title":"Viral replicative capacity is the primary determinant of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus persistence and immunosuppression","volume":"107","author":"Bergthaler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6451","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.12.6451","article-title":"Virus-activated CD8 T\u00a0cells and lymphokine-activated NK cells express the mast cell function-associated antigen, an inhibitory C-type lectin","volume":"161","author":"Blaser","year":"1998","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.03.012","article-title":"Intracellular toll-like receptors","volume":"32","author":"Blasius","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.69.2.1059-1070.1995","article-title":"Virus-induced immunosuppression: immune system-mediated destruction of virus-infected dendritic cells results in generalized immune suppression","volume":"69","author":"Borrow","year":"1995","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.3390\/v2112443","article-title":"Inhibition of the type I interferon antiviral response during arenavirus infection","volume":"2","author":"Borrow","year":"2010","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10514","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.16.10514-10527.2005","article-title":"Intrinsic functional dysregulation of CD4 T\u00a0cells occurs rapidly following persistent viral infection","volume":"79","author":"Brooks","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-5355-7_13","article-title":"Dynamics of the CD8+ T\u00a0cell response during acute LCMV infection","volume":"452","author":"Butz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3012","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1117359109","article-title":"Plasmacytoid dendritic cells control T-cell response to chronic viral infection","volume":"109","author":"Cervantes-Barragan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.8.1315","article-title":"Two roads diverged: interferon alpha\/beta- and interleukin 12-mediated pathways in promoting T\u00a0cell interferon gamma responses during viral infection","volume":"189","author":"Cousens","year":"1999","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20011672","article-title":"Interferon alpha\/beta and interleukin 12 responses to viral infections: pathways regulating dendritic cell cytokine expression in\u00a0vivo","volume":"195","author":"Dalod","year":"2002","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1125676","article-title":"Type 1 interferons and the virus-host relationship: a lesson in d\u00e9tente","volume":"312","author":"Garc\u00eda-Sastre","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2358","article-title":"Plasmacytoid dendritic cells: sensing nucleic acids in viral infection and autoimmune diseases","volume":"8","author":"Gilliet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.2741\/3685","article-title":"Chronic viral hepatitis: epidemiology, molecular biology, and antiviral therapy","volume":"16","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.07.001","article-title":"Inflaming the CD8+ T\u00a0cell response","volume":"25","author":"Haring","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3315","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.6.3315","article-title":"Cutting Edge: The direct action of type I IFN on CD4 T\u00a0cells is critical for sustaining clonal expansion in response to a viral but not a bacterial infection","volume":"176","author":"Havenar-Daughton","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01640-07","article-title":"Lymphocytoid choriomeningitis virus activates plasmacytoid dendritic cells and induces a cytotoxic T-cell response via MyD88","volume":"82","author":"Jung","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050821","article-title":"Type I interferons act directly on CD8 T\u00a0cells to allow clonal expansion and memory formation in response to viral infection","volume":"202","author":"Kolumam","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4711","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.7.4711","article-title":"Differential role of TLR- and RLR-signaling in the immune responses to influenza A virus infection and vaccination","volume":"179","author":"Koyama","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2007.10.007","article-title":"Type I interferon as a stimulus for cross-priming","volume":"19","author":"Le Bon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1038\/ni978","article-title":"Cross-priming of CD8+ T\u00a0cells stimulated by virus-induced type I interferon","volume":"4","author":"Le Bon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1136880","article-title":"Autophagy-dependent viral recognition by plasmacytoid dendritic cells","volume":"315","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7178","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0802526","article-title":"Multiple mechanisms contribute to impairment of type 1 interferon production during chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection of mice","volume":"182","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20082387","article-title":"Activating receptors promote NK cell expansion for maintenance, IL-10 production, and CD8 T\u00a0cell regulation during viral infection","volume":"206","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3266","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.5.3266","article-title":"Type 1 IFN deficiency in the absence of normal splenic architecture during lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection","volume":"177","author":"Louten","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.04.017","article-title":"Early host responses upon in\u00a0vivo infection with a plasmacytoid dendritic cell-tropic arenavirus","volume":"11","author":"Macal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.3.521","article-title":"Type I interferons keep activated T\u00a0cells alive","volume":"189","author":"Marrack","year":"1999","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9192","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00555-06","article-title":"Inhibition of the type I interferon response by the nucleoprotein of the prototypic arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus","volume":"80","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Sobrido","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8056","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.68.12.8056-8063.1994","article-title":"CD4+ T\u00a0cells are required to sustain CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell responses during chronic viral infection","volume":"68","author":"Matloubian","year":"1994","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4734","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.11.4734-4737.1997","article-title":"Treatment with homodimeric interleukin-12 (IL-12) p40 protects mice from IL-12-dependent shock but not from tumor necrosis factor alpha-dependent shock","volume":"65","author":"Mattner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2006.00382.x","article-title":"Signals required for programming effector and memory development by CD8+ T\u00a0cells","volume":"211","author":"Mescher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.4.1851","article-title":"Rapid activation of spleen dendritic cell subsets following lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection of mice: analysis of the involvement of type 1 IFN","volume":"174","author":"Montoya","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1038\/362758a0","article-title":"Virus persistence in acutely infected immunocompetent mice by exhaustion of antiviral cytotoxic effector T\u00a0cells","volume":"362","author":"Moskophidis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.68.3.1951-1955.1994","article-title":"Resistance of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus to alpha\/beta interferon and to gamma interferon","volume":"68","author":"Moskophidis","year":"1994","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15430","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0702579104","article-title":"Viral targeting of fibroblastic reticular cells contributes to immunosuppression and persistence during chronic infection","volume":"104","author":"Mueller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8009221","article-title":"Functional role of type I and type II interferons in antiviral defense","volume":"264","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.76.5.2375-2383.2002","article-title":"Role of an intact splenic microarchitecture in early lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus production","volume":"76","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2002","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib42","first-page":"83","article-title":"Biology and pathogenesis of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection","volume":"263","author":"Oldstone","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8407","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.18.8407-8423.2001","article-title":"Critical role for alpha\/beta and gamma interferons in persistence of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus by clonal exhaustion of cytotoxic T\u00a0cells","volume":"75","author":"Ou","year":"2001","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.08.012","article-title":"Innate recognition of viruses","volume":"27","author":"Pichlmair","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1038\/353180a0","article-title":"Normal development and function of CD8+ cells but markedly decreased helper cell activity in mice lacking CD4","volume":"353","author":"Rahemtulla","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1038\/30989","article-title":"A conditioned dendritic cell can be a temporal bridge between a CD4+ T-helper and a T-killer cell","volume":"393","author":"Ridge","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.9.1249","article-title":"Immunosuppression and resultant viral persistence by specific viral targeting of dendritic cells","volume":"192","author":"Sevilla","year":"2000","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI20243","article-title":"Viral targeting of hematopoietic progenitors and inhibition of DC maturation as a dual strategy for immune subversion","volume":"113","author":"Sevilla","year":"2004","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.11.020","article-title":"Plasmacytoid dendritic cell ablation impacts early interferon responses and antiviral NK and CD8(+) T\u00a0cell accrual","volume":"33","author":"Swiecki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20110654","article-title":"Type I interferon negatively controls plasmacytoid dendritic cell numbers in\u00a0vivo","volume":"208","author":"Swiecki","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.01.022","article-title":"Pattern recognition receptors and inflammation","volume":"140","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.3.1746","article-title":"Innate inflammatory signals induced by various pathogens differentially dictate the IFN-I dependence of CD8 T\u00a0cells for clonal expansion and memory formation","volume":"177","author":"Thompson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5270.1947","article-title":"Induction of bystander T\u00a0cell proliferation by viruses and type I interferon in\u00a0vivo","volume":"272","author":"Tough","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20101664","article-title":"Type I interferon: friend or foe?","volume":"207","author":"Trinchieri","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4792","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.69.8.4792-4796.1995","article-title":"Antiviral defense in mice lacking both alpha\/beta and gamma interferon receptors","volume":"69","author":"van den Broek","year":"1995","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1995.tb00090.x","article-title":"Immune defence in mice lacking type I and\/or type II interferon receptors","volume":"148","author":"van den Broek","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10624","article-title":"Natural killer cells act as rheostats modulating antiviral T\u00a0cells","volume":"481","author":"Waggoner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.04.016","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 7 deficiency is associated with multiple defects in the adaptive immune response and lifelong persistent virus infection","volume":"11","author":"Walsh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3363","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.6.3363","article-title":"Cutting Edge: Antibody-mediated TLR7-dependent recognition of viral RNA","volume":"178","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2035","article-title":"T cell exhaustion","volume":"12","author":"Wherry","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003166","article-title":"Type I IFN substitutes for T\u00a0cell help during viral infections","volume":"186","author":"Wiesel","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04790","article-title":"Interleukin-2 signals during priming are required for secondary expansion of CD8+ memory T\u00a0cells","volume":"441","author":"Williams","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.12.2205","article-title":"Viral immune evasion due to persistence of activated T\u00a0cells without effector function","volume":"188","author":"Zajac","year":"1998","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200425730","article-title":"MyD88 is critical for the development of innate and adaptive immunity during acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection","volume":"35","author":"Zhou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9452","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00155-10","article-title":"Induction and inhibition of type I interferon responses by distinct components of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus","volume":"84","author":"Zhou","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib66","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and immunology","volume":"263","author":"Zinkernagel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2008.08.016","article-title":"Persistent virus infection inhibits type I interferon production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells to facilitate opportunistic infections","volume":"4","author":"Zuniga","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"}],"container-title":["Cell Host & Microbe"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S193131281200162X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S193131281200162X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T12:11:28Z","timestamp":1761826288000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S193131281200162X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S193131281200162X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.717957652.793462052","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1931-3128"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1931-3128","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Timing and Magnitude of Type I Interferon Responses by Distinct Sensors Impact CD8\u00a0T Cell Exhaustion and Chronic Viral Infection","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cell Host & Microbe","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2012.04.017","name":"associatedlink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to the associated document"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2012.04.016","name":"associatedlink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to the associated document"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}