{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T15:41:04Z","timestamp":1792683664624,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]],"date-time":"2016-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":374,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Host & Microbe"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,10]],"date-time":"2015-12-10T16:06:53Z","timestamp":1449763613000},"page":"694-704","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Group B Streptococcus Evades Host Immunity by Degrading Hyaluronan"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Stacey\u00a0L.","family":"Kolar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Kyme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching\u00a0Wen","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Soliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amber","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiurong","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Nizet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dianhua","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramachandran","family":"Murali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moshe","family":"Arditi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David\u00a0M.","family":"Underhill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George\u00a0Y.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)96292-7","article-title":"Lysosomal hyaluronidase from rat liver. II. Properties","volume":"242","author":"Aronson","year":"1967","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24751","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.104950","article-title":"Oral administration of high molecular weight hyaluronan (900\u00a0kDa) controls immune system via Toll-like receptor 4 in the intestinal epithelium","volume":"285","author":"Asari","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1279","article-title":"Hyaluronan accumulates in demyelinated lesions and inhibits oligodendrocyte progenitor maturation","volume":"11","author":"Back","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-1466","article-title":"Policy statement\u2014recommendations for the prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal (GBS) disease","volume":"128","author":"Baker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib5","first-page":"411","article-title":"Hyaluronidase activity of group B streptococci","volume":"20","author":"Benchetrit","year":"1987","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2005.12.039","article-title":"DNase expression allows the pathogen group A Streptococcus to escape killing in neutrophil extracellular traps","volume":"16","author":"Buchanan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2683","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00248-09","article-title":"Chlamydial heat shock protein 60 induces acute pulmonary inflammation in mice via the Toll-like receptor 4- and MyD88-dependent pathway","volume":"77","author":"Bulut","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280319","article-title":"Molecular genetic analysis of the nagH gene encoding a hyaluronidase of Clostridium perfringens","volume":"243","author":"Canard","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol. Gen. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200112455","article-title":"The adhesion receptor CD44 promotes atherosclerosis by mediating inflammatory cell recruitment and vascular cell activation","volume":"108","author":"Cuff","year":"2001","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481301","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/481301","article-title":"The role of hyaluronan in innate defense responses of the intestine","volume":"2015","author":"de la Motte","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1086\/322696","article-title":"Group B streptococcal disease in nonpregnant adults","volume":"33","author":"Farley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib12","first-page":"435","article-title":"Inhibition of phagocytosis by high molecular weight hyaluronate","volume":"40","author":"Forrester","year":"1980","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.1997.00170.x","article-title":"Hyaluronan: its nature, distribution, functions and turnover","volume":"242","author":"Fraser","year":"1997","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16689","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.350447","article-title":"Hyaluronidase 1 and \u03b2-hexosaminidase have redundant functions in hyaluronan and chondroitin sulfate degradation","volume":"287","author":"Gushulak","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-9-2-129","article-title":"Clostridium difficile: isolation and characteristics","volume":"9","author":"Hafiz","year":"1976","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01052625","article-title":"Hyaluronan: RHAMM mediated cell locomotion and signaling in tumorigenesis","volume":"26","author":"Hall","year":"1995","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurooncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3203","article-title":"Targeting Toll-like receptors: emerging therapeutics?","volume":"9","author":"Hennessy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2000.tb08999.x","article-title":"The extracellular hyaluronidase gene (hylA) of Streptococcus pyogenes","volume":"184","author":"Hynes","year":"2000","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.185.4.1208-1217.2003","article-title":"Molecular genetic analysis of a group A Streptococcus operon encoding serum opacity factor and a novel fibronectin-binding protein, SfbX","volume":"185","author":"Jeng","year":"2003","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.23.090506.123337","article-title":"Hyaluronan in tissue injury and repair","volume":"23","author":"Jiang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.11.2.111-113.1980","article-title":"Serotypes of group B streptococci and their relation to hyaluronidase production and hydrolysis of salicin","volume":"11","author":"Kjems","year":"1980","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.5560040902","article-title":"Hyaluronidases\u2013a group of neglected enzymes","volume":"4","author":"Kreil","year":"1995","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20102510","article-title":"Severe lung fibrosis requires an invasive fibroblast phenotype regulated by hyaluronan and CD44","volume":"208","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2469","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.4.2469","article-title":"CD44 is a negative regulator of acute pulmonary inflammation and lipopolysaccharide-TLR signaling in mouse macrophages","volume":"178","author":"Liang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R102","DOI":"10.1186\/cc6982","article-title":"High-molecular-weight hyaluronan\u2014a possible new treatment for sepsis-induced lung injury: a preclinical study in mechanically ventilated rats","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3354\/dao076017","article-title":"Streptococcus iniae beta-hemolysin streptolysin S is a virulence factor in fish infection","volume":"76","author":"Locke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dis. Aquat. Organ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27641","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M003084200","article-title":"Differences in hyaluronic acid-mediated functions and signaling in arterial, microvessel, and vein-derived human endothelial cells","volume":"275","author":"Lokeshwar","year":"2000","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5768","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.9.5768-5776.2001","article-title":"Fas\/Fas ligand system mediates epithelial injury, but not pulmonary host defenses, in response to inhaled bacteria","volume":"69","author":"Matute-Bello","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1071059","article-title":"The danger model: a renewed sense of self","volume":"296","author":"Matzinger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0695-558","article-title":"Anti-CD44 treatment abrogates tissue oedema and leukocyte infiltration in murine arthritis","volume":"1","author":"Mikecz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.21.3.738-746.1978","article-title":"Association of elevated levels of extracellular neuraminidase with clinical isolates of type III group B streptococci","volume":"21","author":"Milligan","year":"1978","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-003-1301-x","article-title":"High, but not low, molecular weight hyaluronan prevents T-cell-mediated liver injury by reducing proinflammatory cytokines in mice","volume":"39","author":"Nakamura","year":"2004","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(95)00320-6","article-title":"Construction of a series of pACYC-derived plasmid vectors","volume":"162","author":"Nakano","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.2000.3817","article-title":"Mechanism of hyaluronan binding and degradation: structure of Streptococcus pneumoniae hyaluronate lyase in complex with hyaluronic acid disaccharide at 1.7\u00a0\u00c5 resolution","volume":"299","author":"Ponnuraj","year":"2000","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1994.1521","article-title":"Characterization of the group B streptococcal hyaluronate lyase","volume":"315","author":"Pritchard","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1996.6191336.x","article-title":"A set of ordered cosmids and a detailed genetic and physical map for the 8 Mb Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) chromosome","volume":"21","author":"Redenbach","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1038\/2121275a0","article-title":"Serology of strains of Streptococcus faecalis which produce hyaluronidase","volume":"212","author":"Rosan","year":"1966","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.2.1272","article-title":"Hyaluronan fragments act as an endogenous danger signal by engaging TLR2","volume":"177","author":"Scheibner","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6834","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00094-11","article-title":"Serine-rich repeat proteins and pili promote Streptococcus agalactiae colonization of the vaginal tract","volume":"193","author":"Sheen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a133052","article-title":"Degradation process of hyaluronic acid by Streptomyces hyaluronidase","volume":"88","author":"Shimada","year":"1980","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17079","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M310859200","article-title":"Hyaluronan fragments stimulate endothelial recognition of injury through TLR4","volume":"279","author":"Taylor","year":"2004","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20001858","article-title":"Oligosaccharides of hyaluronan activate dendritic cells via Toll-like receptor 4","volume":"195","author":"Termeer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1038\/44605","article-title":"The Toll-like receptor 2 is recruited to macrophage phagosomes and discriminates between pathogens","volume":"401","author":"Underhill","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2615","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00022-14","article-title":"Two novel functions of hyaluronidase from Streptococcus agalactiae are enhanced intracellular survival and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine expression","volume":"82","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.1.285","article-title":"Induction of resistance to diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice by targeting CD44 with a specific monoclonal antibody","volume":"97","author":"Weiss","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.055","article-title":"Regulation of colonic epithelial repair in mice by Toll-like receptors and hyaluronic acid","volume":"137","author":"Zheng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"}],"container-title":["Cell Host & Microbe"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1931312815004552?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1931312815004552?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,28]],"date-time":"2022-05-28T22:10:27Z","timestamp":1653775827000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1931312815004552"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1931312815004552"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1931-3128"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1931-3128","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Group B Streptococcus Evades Host Immunity by Degrading Hyaluronan","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cell Host & Microbe","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}