{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T00:44:59Z","timestamp":1793321099778,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]],"date-time":"2019-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1098828"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1098828"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1139330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1139330"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI1409557"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI1409557"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK109081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK109081"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Washington University","award":["AI007172"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI007172"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01yc7t268","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Host & Microbe"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]],"date-time":"2019-06-20T10:42:06Z","timestamp":1561027326000},"page":"123-134.e8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":179,"title":["A Stem-Cell-Derived Platform Enables Complete Cryptosporidium Development In\u00a0Vitro and Genetic Tractability"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Georgia","family":"Wilke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa J.","family":"Funkhouser-Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soumya","family":"Ravindran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wandy L.","family":"Beatty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan T.","family":"Baldridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelli L.","family":"VanDussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bang","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark S.","family":"Kuhlenschmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa B.","family":"Kuhlenschmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William H.","family":"Witola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thaddeus S.","family":"Stappenbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. David","family":"Sibley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.3.390-400.2002","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro cultivation of cryptosporidium species","volume":"15","author":"Arrowood","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.27.7.1490-1495.1989","article-title":"Comparison of conventional staining methods and monoclonal antibody-based methods for Cryptosporidium oocyst detection","volume":"27","author":"Arrowood","year":"1989","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.08.016","article-title":"Reserve stem cells in intestinal homeostasis and injury","volume":"155","author":"Bankaitis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1005434","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1005434","article-title":"Rhoptry proteins ROP5 and ROP18 are major murine virulence factors in genetically divergent South American strains of Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"11","author":"Behnke","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.05.004","article-title":"Conservation of proteins involved in oocyst wall formation in Eimeria maxima, Eimeria tenella and Eimeria acervulina","volume":"39","author":"Belli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2011.12.009","article-title":"Origin of the brush cell lineage in the mouse intestinal epithelium","volume":"362","author":"Bjerknes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5167","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.9.5167-5175.2000","article-title":"Mediation of Cryptosporidium parvum infection in\u00a0vitro by mucin-like glycoproteins defined by a neutralizing monoclonal antibody","volume":"68","author":"Cevallos","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00288-09","article-title":"Evidence for mucin-like glycoproteins that tether sporozoites of Cryptosporidium parvum to the inner surface of the oocyst wall","volume":"9","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eukaryot. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1986.tb05567.x","article-title":"A comparison of endogenous development of three isolates of Cryptosporidium in suckling mice","volume":"33","author":"Current","year":"1986","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Protozool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00731-16","article-title":"Novel bioengineered three-dimensional human intestinal model for long-term infection of Cryptosporidium parvum","volume":"85","author":"DeCicco RePass","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts635","article-title":"STAR: ultrafast universal RNA-seq aligner","volume":"29","author":"Dobin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-80-8-1929","article-title":"Sequence analysis of a porcine enterovirus serotype 1 isolate: relationships with other picornaviruses","volume":"80","author":"Doherty","year":"1999","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.61.2.844-846.1995","article-title":"Effect of sodium hypochlorite exposure on infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts for neonatal BALB\/c mice","volume":"61","author":"Fayer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.07.009","article-title":"Genetic diversity and population structure of cryptosporidium","volume":"34","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2503","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.9.2503-2508.1998","article-title":"The gamma interferon gene knockout mouse: a highly sensitive model for evaluation of therapeutic agents against Cryptosporidium parvum","volume":"36","author":"Griffiths","year":"1998","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0177-8","article-title":"Modelling Cryptosporidium infection in human small intestinal and lung organoids","volume":"3","author":"Heo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00471","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.00471","article-title":"RNA-programmed genome editing in human cells","volume":"2","author":"Jinek","year":"2013","journal-title":"ELife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib18","first-page":"799","article-title":"The burden and etiology of diarrheal illness in developing countries. Pediatr. Clin","volume":"64","author":"Kotloff","year":"2017","journal-title":"North Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60844-2","article-title":"Burden and aetiology of diarrhoeal disease in infants and young children in developing countries (the Global Enteric Multicenter Study, GEMS): a prospective, case-control study","volume":"382","author":"Kotloff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01915-15","article-title":"Inhibition of calcium-dependent protein kinase 1 (CDPK1) in\u00a0vitro by Pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives does not correlate with sensitivity of Cryptosporidium parvum growth in cell culture","volume":"60","author":"Kuhlenschmidt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762009000200022","article-title":"Oocyst wall formation and composition in coccidian parasites","volume":"104","author":"Mai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1223821","article-title":"Wnt5a potentiates TGF-beta signaling to promote colonic crypt regeneration after tissue injury","volume":"338","author":"Miyoshi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2471","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2013.153","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro expansion and genetic modification of gastrointestinal stem cells in spheroid culture","volume":"8","author":"Miyoshi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2013.98","article-title":"Development of a primary mouse intestinal epithelial cell monolayer culture system to evaluate factors that modulate IgA transcytosis","volume":"7","author":"Moon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90200-7","article-title":"Temporal changes in permeability and structure of piglet\u00a0ileum after site-specific infection by Cryptosporidium parvum","volume":"108","author":"Moore","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2015.07.006","article-title":"Continuous culture of Cryptosporidium parvum using hollow fiber technology","volume":"46","author":"Morada","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283437e88","article-title":"Cryptosporidiosis in patients with HIV\/AIDS","volume":"25","author":"O'Connor","year":"2011","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20B 2.1","DOI":"10.1002\/cpmc.33","article-title":"Generating and maintaining transgenic Cryptosporidium parvum parasites","volume":"46","author":"Pawlowic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1086\/342296","article-title":"Pathogenesis of human and bovine Cryptosporidium parvum in gnotobiotic pigs","volume":"186","author":"Pereira","year":"2002","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20160094","article-title":"The Warburg effect: 80 years on","volume":"44","author":"Potter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","article-title":"Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schindelin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.20764","article-title":"Using a meiosis detection toolkit to investigate ancient asexual \"scandals\" and the evolution of sex","volume":"30","author":"Schurko","year":"2008","journal-title":"BioEssays"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01114","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01114-14","article-title":"Efficient gene disruption in diverse strains of Toxoplasma gondii using CRISPR\/CAS9","volume":"5","author":"Shen","year":"2014","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2478","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.03.047","article-title":"Intestine-specific ablation of mouse atonal homolog 1 (Math1) reveals a role in cellular homeostasis","volume":"132","author":"Shroyer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182096008761","article-title":"Cloning of the entire COWP gene of Cryptosporidium parvum and ultrastructural localization of the protein during sexual parasite development","volume":"114","author":"Spano","year":"1997","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3154","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0304686101","article-title":"Gene transfer in the evolution of parasite nucleotide biosynthesis","volume":"101","author":"Striepen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-016-0351-z","article-title":"Self-cleaving\" 2A peptide from porcine teschovirus-1 mediates cleavage of dual fluorescent proteins in transgenic Eimeria tenella","volume":"47","author":"Tang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.62.1.329-331.1994","article-title":"An intestinal zenograph model for Cryptosporidium parvum infection","volume":"62","author":"Thulin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)60116-5","article-title":"Natural history and biology of Cryptosporidium parvum","volume":"40","author":"Tzipori","year":"1998","journal-title":"Adv. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1994.tb06833.x","article-title":"Comparative development of Cryptosporidium parvum (Apicomplexa) in 11 continuous host cell lines","volume":"118","author":"Upton","year":"1994","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-306651","article-title":"Development of an enhanced human gastrointestinal epithelial culture system to facilitate patient-based assays","volume":"64","author":"VanDussen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scr.2019.101430","article-title":"L-WRN conditioned medium for gastrointestinal epithelial stem cell culture shows replicable batch-to-batch activity levels across multiple research teams","volume":"37","author":"VanDussen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14651","article-title":"Genetic modification of the diarrhoeal pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum","volume":"523","author":"Vinayak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182008004757","article-title":"High-yield amplification of Cryptosporidium parvum in interferon gamma receptor knockout mice","volume":"135","author":"von Oettingen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14484","article-title":"Cloning and variation of ground state intestinal stem cells","volume":"522","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00124-18","article-title":"Monoclonal antibodies to intracellular stages of Cryptosporidium parvum define life cycle progression in\u00a0vitro","volume":"3","author":"Wilke","year":"2018","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1065718","article-title":"Requirement of Math1 for secretory cell lineage commitment in the mouse intestine","volume":"294","author":"Yang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2018.01.005","article-title":"Morpholino-mediated in\u00a0vivo silencing of Cryptosporidium parvum lactate dehydrogenase decreases oocyst shedding and infectivity","volume":"48","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."}],"container-title":["Cell Host & Microbe"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1931312819302525?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1931312819302525?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T19:54:46Z","timestamp":1609962886000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1931312819302525"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1931312819302525"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.736017115.793561898","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.736017115.793597600","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1931-3128"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1931-3128","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A Stem-Cell-Derived Platform Enables Complete Cryptosporidium Development In\u00a0Vitro and Genetic Tractability","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cell Host & Microbe","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}