{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:12:57Z","timestamp":1792033977926,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":78,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["395357507 -SFB 1371"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["395357507 -SFB 1371"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005010","name":"Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020-24440"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-24440"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005010","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004784","name":"Novartis Foundation for Medical-Biological Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25B048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25B048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004784","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["310030_185234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310030_185234"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Host & Microbe"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T15:09:21Z","timestamp":1773241761000},"page":"425-443.e11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Intratumoral microbiota and host genotype cooperatively shape neutrophil cytotoxic functions in colorectal cancer"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Elisa","family":"Sorrenti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Governa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Bressan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Cremonesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicol\u00f2","family":"Formaggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Latino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca","family":"Cal\u00ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Torcasio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Basso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacopo","family":"Galafassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Villa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Stornante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Cetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Calabrese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caner","family":"Ercan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Mauri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Terzaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Mele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Poncioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julija","family":"Djordjevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnese","family":"Cianfarani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Tonolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Sconocchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus-Peter","family":"Janssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milo","family":"Frattini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Philippe","family":"Theurillat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santiago F.","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"De Dosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serenella","family":"Eppenberger-Castori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi Maria","family":"Terracciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro Edoardo","family":"Majno-Hurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fulvio","family":"Chiacchiera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lubor","family":"Borsig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulio Cesare","family":"Spagnoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Christoforidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5841-495X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giandomenica","family":"Iezzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.02.009","article-title":"Embracing cancer complexity: Hallmarks of systemic disease","volume":"187","author":"Swanton","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3245","article-title":"The immune contexture in human tumours: impact on clinical outcome","volume":"12","author":"Fridman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-020-0285-7","article-title":"The immune contexture and Immunoscore in cancer prognosis and therapeutic efficacy","volume":"20","author":"Bruni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11465","article-title":"Adenoma-linked barrier defects and microbial products drive IL-23\/IL-17-mediated tumour growth","volume":"491","author":"Grivennikov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2019.08.003","article-title":"Epithelial NOTCH Signaling Rewires the Tumor Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer to Drive Poor-Prognosis Subtypes and Metastasis","volume":"36","author":"Jackstadt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.01001","article-title":"Increased Incidence of Colon Tumors in AOM-Treated Apc1638N\/+ Mice Reveals Higher Frequency of Tumor Associated Neutrophils in Colon Than Small Intestine","volume":"9","author":"Metzger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21598","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2008112117","article-title":"Suppressing neutrophil-dependent angiogenesis abrogates resistance to anti-VEGF antibody in a genetic model of colorectal cancer","volume":"117","author":"Itatani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2019.02.008","article-title":"KRAS-IRF2 Axis Drives Immune Suppression and Immune Therapy Resistance in Colorectal Cancer","volume":"35","author":"Liao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201910681","article-title":"Neutrophils suppress tumor-infiltrating T cells in colon cancer via matrix metalloproteinase-mediated activation of TGF\u03b2","volume":"12","author":"Germann","year":"2020","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030806","article-title":"Increased Intratumoral Neutrophil in Colorectal Carcinomas Correlates Closely with Malignant Phenotype and Predicts Patients\u2019 Adverse Prognosis","volume":"7","author":"Rao","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3682","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1663","article-title":"Prognostic significance of nomograms integrating IL-37 expression, neutrophil level, and MMR status in patients with colorectal cancer","volume":"7","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.00704","article-title":"A Risk Signature With Inflammatory and T Immune Cells Infiltration in Colorectal Cancer Predicting Distant Metastases and Efficiency of Chemotherapy","volume":"9","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25609","article-title":"Tumor infiltration by Fc\u03b3RIII (CD16)+ myeloid cells is associated with improved survival in patients with colorectal carcinoma","volume":"128","author":"Sconocchia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064814","article-title":"High Myeloperoxidase Positive Cell Infiltration in Colorectal Cancer Is an Independent Favorable Prognostic Factor","volume":"8","author":"Droeser","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30076","article-title":"Occurrence and significance of tumor-associated neutrophils in patients with colorectal cancer","volume":"139","author":"Galdiero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3847","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-2047","article-title":"The Interplay Between Neutrophils and CD8+ T Cells Improves Survival in Human Colorectal Cancer","volume":"23","author":"Governa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2017.08.028","article-title":"Neutrophil infiltration is a favorable prognostic factor in early stages of colon cancer","volume":"68","author":"Wikberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188799","article-title":"High levels of tumor-associated neutrophils are associated with improved overall survival in patients with stage II colorectal cancer","volume":"12","author":"Berry","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.04.016","article-title":"Neutrophil elastase selectively kills cancer cells and attenuates tumorigenesis","volume":"184","author":"Cui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.05.047","article-title":"Neutrophils Driving Unconventional T Cells Mediate Resistance against Murine Sarcomas and Selected Human Tumors","volume":"178","author":"Ponzetta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.02.005","article-title":"Neutrophil profiling illuminates anti-tumor antigen-presenting potency","volume":"187","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.02.032","article-title":"A neutrophil response linked to tumor control in immunotherapy","volume":"186","author":"Gungabeesoon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.007","article-title":"T cell immunotherapies engage neutrophils to eliminate tumor antigen escape variants","volume":"186","author":"Hirschhorn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2023.01.002","article-title":"Neutrophil-activating therapy for the treatment of cancer","volume":"41","author":"Linde","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.12.009","article-title":"Adaptations of neutrophils in cancer","volume":"58","author":"Ng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-042022-025619","article-title":"The Role of the Microbiome in the Etiopathogenesis of Colon Cancer","volume":"86","author":"El Tekle","year":"2024","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00973-4","article-title":"The microbial landscape of colorectal cancer","volume":"22","author":"White","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2013.07.012","article-title":"Fusobacterium nucleatum Promotes Colorectal Carcinogenesis by Modulating E-Cadherin\/\u03b2-Catenin Signaling via its FadA Adhesin","volume":"14","author":"Rubinstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2013.07.007","article-title":"Fusobacterium nucleatum Potentiates Intestinal Tumorigenesis and Modulates the Tumor-Immune Microenvironment","volume":"14","author":"Kostic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.01.010","article-title":"Binding of the Fap2 Protein of Fusobacterium nucleatum to Human Inhibitory Receptor TIGIT Protects Tumors from Immune Cell Attack","volume":"42","author":"Gur","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-01909-y","article-title":"Exploring the role of Fusobacterium nucleatum in colorectal cancer: implications for tumor proliferation and chemoresistance","volume":"22","author":"Dadgar-Zankbar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1020583","article-title":"Fusobacterium nucleatum and colorectal cancer: From phenomenon to mechanism","volume":"12","author":"Ou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310101","article-title":"Fusobacterium nucleatum in colorectal carcinoma tissue and patient prognosis","volume":"65","author":"Mima","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-019-03649-1","article-title":"Fusobacterium nucleatum tumor DNA levels are associated with survival in colorectal cancer patients","volume":"38","author":"Kunzmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib35","article-title":"Prognostic impact of the Fusobacterium nucleatum status in colorectal cancers","volume":"98","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-313498","article-title":"Gut microbiota modulate T cell trafficking into human colorectal cancer","volume":"67","author":"Cremonesi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aba9157","article-title":"Fusobacterium nucleatum host-cell binding and invasion induces IL-8 and CXCL1 secretion that drives colorectal cancer cell migration","volume":"13","author":"Casasanta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05435-0","article-title":"Effect of the intratumoral microbiota on spatial and cellular heterogeneity in cancer","volume":"611","author":"Galeano Ni\u00f1o","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.06.006","article-title":"The Neutrophil","volume":"54","author":"Burn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.08.003","article-title":"Spatially organized multicellular immune hubs in human colorectal cancer","volume":"184","author":"Pelka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14082024","article-title":"Identification of TPM2 and CNN1 as Novel Prognostic Markers in Functionally Characterized Human Colon Cancer-Associated Stromal Cells","volume":"14","author":"Mele","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-024-02974-w","article-title":"Robustness of cancer microbiome signals over a broad range of methodological variation","volume":"43","author":"Sepich-Poore","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2784","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-04-457671","article-title":"NETosis: how vital is it?","volume":"122","author":"Yipp","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2011.06.007","article-title":"The role of TLRs in neutrophil activation","volume":"11","author":"Prince","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2013.02.008","article-title":"Pattern recognition receptor function in neutrophils","volume":"34","author":"Thomas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-102419-035900","article-title":"Siglecs as Immune Cell Checkpoints in Disease","volume":"38","author":"Duan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwp052","article-title":"Deletion polymorphism of SIGLEC14 and its functional implications","volume":"19","author":"Yamanaka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-020-0281-y","article-title":"Neutrophil diversity and plasticity in tumour progression and therapy","volume":"20","author":"Jaillon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2024.11.002","article-title":"Myeloid effector cells in cancer","volume":"42","author":"Schol","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2024.08.019","article-title":"Fusobacterium nucleatum facilitates anti-PD-1 therapy in microsatellite stable colorectal cancer","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6512","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-12-2359","article-title":"Host Immune Defense Peptide LL-37 Activates Caspase-Independent Apoptosis and Suppresses Colon Cancer","volume":"72","author":"Ren","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2490","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21657","article-title":"Ectopic expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin suppresses the invasion and liver metastasis of colon cancer cells","volume":"118","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-016-0564-9","article-title":"Lipocalin2 suppresses metastasis of colorectal cancer by attenuating NF-\u03baB-dependent activation of snail and epithelial mesenchymal transition","volume":"15","author":"Feng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.940706","article-title":"Increased MPO in Colorectal Cancer Is Associated With High Peripheral Neutrophil Counts and a Poor Prognosis: A TCGA With Propensity Score-Matched Analysis","volume":"12","author":"Weng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3371","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.16414","article-title":"Identification of hub genes associated with neutrophils infiltration in colorectal cancer","volume":"25","author":"Su","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-45558-6","article-title":"A neutrophil extracellular traps-related classification predicts prognosis and response to immunotherapy in colon cancer","volume":"13","author":"Feng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2015.53288","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 4 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis and review","volume":"11","author":"Sheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1568729","article-title":"TLR4\/MyD88 expression patterns and novel genetic variants: association with aggressive clinicopathological features in colorectal cancer","volume":"15","author":"Dang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.10.003","article-title":"Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Intratumoral Immune Cells Reveal the Immune Landscape in Human Cancer","volume":"39","author":"Bindea","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15520","article-title":"Epigenetic silencing of TH1-type chemokines shapes tumour immunity and immunotherapy","volume":"527","author":"Peng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-15-1938","article-title":"PRC2 Epigenetically Silences Th1-Type Chemokines to Suppress Effector T-Cell Trafficking in Colon Cancer","volume":"76","author":"Nagarsheth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-022-00546-2","article-title":"Therapeutic targeting of tumour myeloid cells","volume":"23","author":"Barry","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2016.12.006","article-title":"Mouse versus Human Neutrophils in Cancer: A Major Knowledge Gap","volume":"3","author":"Eruslanov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43573-9","article-title":"Human and mouse neutrophils share core transcriptional programs in both homeostatic and inflamed contexts","volume":"14","author":"Hackert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108164","article-title":"Tumor-Promoting Ly-6G+ SiglecFhigh Cells Are Mature and Long-Lived Neutrophils","volume":"32","author":"Pfirschke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.02082","article-title":"The Tumor Milieu Promotes Functional Human Tumor-Resident Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Humanized Mouse Models","volume":"11","author":"Maser","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2121077119","article-title":"Human neutrophil development and functionality are enabled in a humanized mouse model","volume":"119","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20131853","article-title":"Siglec-5 and Siglec-14 are polymorphic paired receptors that modulate neutrophil and amnion signaling responses to group B Streptococcus","volume":"211","author":"Ali","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3199","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-013-1311-7","article-title":"Loss of Siglec-14 reduces the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation","volume":"70","author":"Angata","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-017-0040-3","article-title":"High-resolution bacterial 16S rRNA gene profile meta-analysis and biofilm status reveal common colorectal cancer consortia","volume":"3","author":"Drewes","year":"2017","journal-title":"NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2016.00179","article-title":"Tissue-Associated Bacterial Alterations in Rectal Carcinoma Patients Revealed by 16S rRNA Community Profiling","volume":"6","author":"Thomas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib72","article-title":"Preoperative metronidazole treatment to evaluate its efficacy in reducing Fusobacterium nucleatum colonisation in colorectal cancer patients: a proof-of-concept trial","volume":"8","author":"De Dosso","year":"2025","journal-title":"ESMO Gastrointest. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2538","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.5.2538","article-title":"Neutrophils Process Exogenous Bacteria Via an Alternate Class I MHC Processing Pathway for Presentation of Peptides to T Lymphocytes","volume":"167","author":"Potter","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2965","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-12-063826","article-title":"Neutrophils efficiently cross-prime naive T cells in vivo","volume":"110","author":"Beauvillain","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-11-844548","article-title":"Neutrophil plasticity in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"133","author":"Giese","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2583","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28598","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cells induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human colorectal cancer cells through the expression of surface-bound TGF-\u03b2","volume":"134","author":"Mele","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-01767-y","article-title":"Dictionary learning for integrative, multimodal and scalable single-cell analysis","volume":"42","author":"Hao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.261","article-title":"Protocol for micro-purification, enrichment, pre-fractionation and storage of peptides for proteomics using StageTips","volume":"2","author":"Rappsilber","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1511","article-title":"MaxQuant enables high peptide identification rates, individualized p.p.b.-range mass accuracies and proteome-wide protein quantification","volume":"26","author":"Cox","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1021\/pr101065j","article-title":"Andromeda: A Peptide Search Engine Integrated into the MaxQuant Environment","volume":"10","author":"Cox","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2513","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M113.031591","article-title":"Accurate Proteome-wide Label-free Quantification by Delayed Normalization and Maximal Peptide Ratio Extraction, Termed MaxLFQ","volume":"13","author":"Cox","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Proteomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3901","article-title":"The Perseus computational platform for comprehensive analysis of (prote)omics data","volume":"13","author":"Tyanova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2847","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw313","article-title":"Complex heatmaps reveal patterns and correlations in multidimensional genomic data","volume":"32","author":"Gu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib84","first-page":"e3916","article-title":"Purification and visualization of lipopolysaccharide from Gram-negative bacteria by hot aqueous-phenol extraction","volume":"63","author":"Davis","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.261704098","article-title":"Synergistic effects of L- and P-selectin in facilitating tumor metastasis can involve non-mucin ligands and implicate leukocytes as enhancers of metastasis","volume":"99","author":"Borsig","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan2507","article-title":"A pathology atlas of the human cancer transcriptome","volume":"357","author":"Uhlen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.02.052","article-title":"An Integrated TCGA Pan-Cancer Clinical Data Resource to Drive High-Quality Survival Outcome Analytics","volume":"173","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2020.12.001","article-title":"The cancer microbiome atlas: a pan-cancer comparative analysis to distinguish tissue-resident microbiota from contaminants","volume":"29","author":"Dohlman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-12-0095","article-title":"The cBio cancer genomics portal: an open platform for exploring multidimensional cancer genomics data","volume":"2","author":"Cerami","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."}],"container-title":["Cell Host & Microbe"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S193131282600051X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S193131282600051X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T04:19:01Z","timestamp":1787631541000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S193131282600051X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S193131282600051X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1931-3128"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1931-3128","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Intratumoral microbiota and host genotype cooperatively shape neutrophil cytotoxic functions in colorectal cancer","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cell Host & Microbe","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}