{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:22:46Z","timestamp":1787242966649,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart Lung and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08HL168205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08HL168205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chestpulmonary.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CHEST Pulmonary"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T16:57:29Z","timestamp":1753117049000},"page":"100196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Mechanisms and Risk Factors of Cognitive Impairment in COPD"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Sanchit","family":"Panda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ileana","family":"Anghel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0334-4039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Auyon J.","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(23)00461-7","article-title":"GOLD COPD report: 2024 update","volume":"12","author":"Venkatesan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00128008","article-title":"Systemic manifestations and comorbidities of COPD","volume":"33","author":"Barnes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S447739","article-title":"Extrapulmonary comorbidities associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a review","volume":"19","author":"Xiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1982.00340210062015","article-title":"Neuropsychologic findings in hypoxemic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"142","author":"Grant","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-37132015000004424","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in COPD: a systematic review","volume":"41","author":"Torres-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Bras Pneumol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S466173","article-title":"A multicenter study of COPD and cognitive impairment: unraveling the interplay of quantitative CT, lung function, HIF-1\u03b1, and clinical variables","volume":"19","author":"Simargi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.15-0027","article-title":"Structural brain changes in patients with COPD","volume":"149","author":"Esser","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2010.49","article-title":"MRI estimation of global brain oxygen consumption rate","volume":"30","author":"Jain","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib9","first-page":"199","article-title":"Hypoxemia in patients with COPD: cause, effects, and disease progression","volume":"6","author":"Kent","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-016-0331-0","article-title":"Clinical, physiologic, and radiographic factors contributing to development of hypoxemia in moderate to severe COPD: a cohort study","volume":"16","author":"Wells","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib11","first-page":"263","article-title":"COPD and cognitive impairment: the role of hypoxemia and oxygen therapy","volume":"5","author":"Thakur","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.120.5.1506","article-title":"Cerebral metabolic abnormalities in COPD patients detected by localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"120","author":"Shim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.4540","article-title":"Sleep disorders in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: etiology, impact, and management","volume":"11","author":"Budhiraja","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-024-03228-5","article-title":"Examining the impact of obstructive sleep apnea on cognitive function in severe COPD","volume":"29","author":"Hansen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-3035","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment in moderate to severe COPD: a preliminary study","volume":"142","author":"Villeneuve","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.002","article-title":"Severe obstructive sleep apnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with an increased prevalence of mild cognitive impairment","volume":"75","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00477.2020","article-title":"Cognitive performance is lower among individuals with overlap syndrome than in individuals with COPD or obstructive sleep apnea alone: association with carotid artery stiffness","volume":"131","author":"Luehrs","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13321","article-title":"Associations between sleep-disordered breathing, nocturnal hypoxemia, and subsequent cognitive decline in older community-dwelling men: the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Sleep Study","volume":"63","author":"Blackwell","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-2997","article-title":"Influence of obstructive sleep apnea on cognitive impairment in patients with COPD","volume":"143","author":"Damiani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15485","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192315485","article-title":"Impact of sleep fragmentation on cognition and fatigue","volume":"19","author":"Benkirane","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1782","article-title":"Amyloid-beta protein dimers isolated directly from Alzheimer\u2019s brains impair synaptic plasticity and memory","volume":"14","author":"Shankar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-022-01498-2","article-title":"Sleep fragmentation affects glymphatic system through the different expression of AQP4 in wild type and 5xFAD mouse models","volume":"11","author":"Vasciaveo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11530-z","article-title":"Impaired glymphatic drainage underlying obstructive sleep apnea is associated with cognitive dysfunction","volume":"270","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001566","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing advances cognitive decline in the elderly","volume":"84","author":"Osorio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.001417","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in COPD: Should cognitive evaluation be part of respiratory assessment?","volume":"13","author":"Andrianopoulos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Breathe (Sheff)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11050965","article-title":"Oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"11","author":"Barnes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib27","first-page":"14","article-title":"[The role of rat liver microsomes in the metabolism of methylmethacrylate to formaldehyde]","volume":"34","author":"Kotlovski\u012d","year":"1988","journal-title":"Vopr Med Khim"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.05.032","article-title":"Activity-induced DNA breaks govern the expression of neuronal early-response genes","volume":"161","author":"Madabhushi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2107031","article-title":"Midthigh muscle cross-sectional area is a better predictor of mortality than body mass index in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"166","author":"Marquis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbr.2019.12.029","article-title":"Presence or absence of skeletal muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with distinct phenotypes","volume":"57","author":"Cruthirds","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Bronconeumol (Engl Ed)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2021.01.084","article-title":"Pulmonary arterial pruning and longitudinal change in percent emphysema and lung function: the genetic epidemiology of COPD study","volume":"160","author":"Pistenmaa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-007-9199-x","article-title":"The Rotterdam Study: objectives and design update","volume":"22","author":"Hofman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-016-0132-z","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of COPD in smokers and non-smokers: the Rotterdam study","volume":"31","author":"Terzikhan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201303-0455OC","article-title":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cerebral microbleeds. The Rotterdam study","volume":"188","author":"Lahousse","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201206-1046OC","article-title":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lipid core carotid artery plaques in the elderly: the Rotterdam study","volume":"187","author":"Lahousse","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S222803","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic hypercapnia in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: data from the HOmeVent Registry","volume":"14","author":"Dreher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91532-8.00001-X","article-title":"Neurological effects of respiratory dysfunction","volume":"189","author":"Holla","year":"2022","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2009.08.008","article-title":"Impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on attention functions","volume":"104","author":"Klein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2011.02.004","article-title":"Hypercapnic encephalopathy syndrome: a new frontier for non-invasive ventilation?","volume":"105","author":"Scala","year":"2011","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146437","article-title":"Midbrain and cerebral inflammatory and glutamatergic adaptations during chronic hypercapnia in goats","volume":"1724","author":"Burgraff","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib41","first-page":"999","article-title":"NLRP3 inflammasome\u2019s activation in acute and chronic brain diseases-an update on pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives with respect to other inflammasomes","volume":"11","author":"Chiarini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01337.2009","article-title":"Hypercapnia causes cellular oxidation and nitrosation in addition to acidosis: implications for CO2 chemoreceptor function and dysfunction","volume":"108","author":"Dean","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(99)00014-4","article-title":"Neurodegenerative disorders: the role of peroxynitrite","volume":"30","author":"Torreilles","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Res Brain Res Rev"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(81)90403-0","article-title":"Cerebral circulatory response to hypercapnia: effects of lesions of central dopaminergic and serotoninergic neuron systems","volume":"230","author":"Dahlgren","year":"1981","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-1051-y","article-title":"Hypercapnia induces IL-1\u03b2 overproduction via activation of NLRP3 inflammasome: implication in cognitive impairment in hypoxemic adult rats","volume":"15","author":"Ding","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02985621","article-title":"Brain perfusion abnormalities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: comparison with cognitive impairment","volume":"20","author":"Ortapamuk","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Nucl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.00087501","article-title":"Ventilatory and cerebrovascular responses in normocapnic and hypercapnic COPD patients","volume":"18","author":"Van de Ven","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2466-14-164","article-title":"Non-emphysematous chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with diabetes mellitus","volume":"14","author":"Hersh","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202106-1404OC","article-title":"Alpha-1 antitrypsin MZ heterozygosity is an endotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"205","author":"Ghosh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2020-216401","article-title":"Blood RNA sequencing shows overlapping gene expression across COPD phenotype domains","volume":"77","author":"Ghosh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00569-2021","article-title":"An interferon-inducible signature of airway disease from blood gene expression profiling","volume":"59","author":"Yun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02390-w","article-title":"BrainGENIE: The Brain Gene Expression and Network Imputation Engine","volume":"13","author":"Hess","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-025-11412-4","article-title":"LungGENIE: the lung gene-expression and network imputation engine","volume":"26","author":"Ghosh","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2402638","article-title":"Long-term oxygen therapy for 24 or 15 hours per day in severe hypoxemia","volume":"391","author":"Ekstr\u00f6m","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1604344","article-title":"The Long-Term Oxygen Treatment Trial Research Group, A randomized trial of long-term oxygen for COPD with moderate desaturation","volume":"375","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/14799731231201643","article-title":"Effect of a pulmonary rehabilitation program combined with cognitive training on exercise tolerance and cognitive functions among Tunisian male patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Tabka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chron Respir Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199736","article-title":"Screening for neuropsychological impairment in COPD patients undergoing rehabilitation","volume":"13","author":"Pierobon","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59040732","article-title":"Comorbid cognitive impairment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): current understanding, risk factors, implications for clinical practice, and suggested interventions","volume":"59","author":"Siraj","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1159\/000345223","article-title":"Should \u2018C\u2019 in COPD stand for \u2018cognition\u2019?","volume":"85","author":"Khan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respiration"}],"container-title":["CHEST Pulmonary"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2949789225000637?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2949789225000637?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T02:35:07Z","timestamp":1774060507000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2949789225000637"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S2949789225000637"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196","relation":{},"ISSN":["2949-7892"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2949-7892","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Mechanisms and Risk Factors of Cognitive Impairment in COPD","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"CHEST Pulmonary","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chpulm.2025.100196","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc under license from the American College of Chest Physicians.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100196"}}