{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T00:26:02Z","timestamp":1793665562952,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017540","name":"National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Division of Intramural Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017540","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chestpulmonary.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CHEST Pulmonary"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T07:24:07Z","timestamp":1771658647000},"page":"100239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Current Practices and Preferences Regarding Race and Spirometry Interpretation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3053-1342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. Henry","family":"Brems","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aparna","family":"Balasubramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kadija","family":"Ferryman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Wharton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle N.","family":"Eakin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meredith C.","family":"McCormack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100239_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202302-0310ST","article-title":"Race and ethnicity in pulmonary function test interpretation: an official American Thoracic Society Statement","volume":"207","author":"Bhakta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100239_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202104-0822LE","article-title":"Race, lung function, and long-term mortality in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III","volume":"205","author":"McCormack","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100239_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202107-1612OC","article-title":"Race\/ethnicity, spirometry reference equations, and prediction of incident clinical events: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) Lung Study","volume":"205","author":"Elmaleh-Sachs","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100239_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202105-1246OC","article-title":"Reconsidering the utility of race-specific lung function prediction equations","volume":"205","author":"Baugh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100239_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2022.05.006","article-title":"Ethical considerations regarding the use of race in pulmonary function testing","volume":"162","author":"Brems","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100239_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202212-1004OC","article-title":"Race-specific interpretation of spirometry: impact on the lung allocation score","volume":"20","author":"Brems","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100239_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa2311809","article-title":"Implications of race adjustment in lung-function equations","volume":"390","author":"Diao","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100239_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202309-797OC","article-title":"Use of race-specific equations in pulmonary function tests impedes potential eligibility for care and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"21","author":"Adegunsoye","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100239_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01499-2021","article-title":"ERS\/ATS technical standard on interpretive strategies for routine lung function tests","volume":"60","author":"Stanojevic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100239_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202201-0197LE","article-title":"Race\/ethnicity and reference equations for spirometry","volume":"206","author":"Miller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100239_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202211-2181ED","article-title":"Spirometry in 2022: Is a single set of prediction equations for all the best path forward?","volume":"207","author":"Mannino","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100239_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2023.3239","article-title":"Clinical implications of removing race-corrected pulmonary function tests for African American patients requiring surgery for lung cancer","volume":"158","author":"Bonner","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100239_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.05490421","article-title":"Transplant clinician opinions on use of race in the estimation of glomerular filtration rate","volume":"16","author":"Doshi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100239_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.11734","article-title":"Perspectives on using race in pulmonary function testing: a national survey fellows and program directors","volume":"69","author":"Banerjee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100239_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMms2004740","article-title":"Hidden in plain sight \u2014 reconsidering the use of race correction in clinical algorithms","volume":"383","author":"Vyas","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100239_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2024.100118","article-title":"A national survey of spirometry interpretation practices","volume":"3","author":"Hachey","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chest Pulm"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100239_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/hvad116","article-title":"An update on reported adoption of 2021 CKD-EPI estimated glomerular filtration rate equations","volume":"69","author":"Genzen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100239_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2060","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.15404","article-title":"Reported awareness and adoption of 2021 estimated glomerular filtration rate equations among US clinical laboratories, March 2022","volume":"328","author":"Genzen","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100239_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/hvab278","article-title":"National Kidney Foundation Laboratory Engagement Working Group Recommendations for Implementing the CKD-EPI 2021 race-free equations for estimated glomerular filtration rate: practical guidance for clinical laboratories","volume":"68","author":"Miller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100239_bib21","author":"McFarling"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100239_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.9.2106075","article-title":"The effect of anthropometric and socioeconomic factors on the racial difference in lung function","volume":"164","author":"Harik-Khan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100239_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh297","article-title":"Racial difference in lung function in African-American and White children: effect of anthropometric, socioeconomic, nutritional, and environmental factors","volume":"160","author":"Harik-Khan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100239_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2022.04.017","article-title":"The contribution of anthropometry and socioeconomic status to racial differences in measures of lung function: a systematic review","volume":"162","author":"Holland","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100239_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F423","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.062497","article-title":"Are ethnic differences in lung function explained by chest size?","volume":"90","author":"Whittaker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100239_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907897","article-title":"Genetic ancestry in lung-function predictions","volume":"363","author":"Kumar","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100239_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.03.034","article-title":"Changes in spirometry interpretative strategies: implications for classifying COPD and predicting exacerbations","volume":"166","author":"Brems","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100239_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000003579","article-title":"The implications of removing race from interpretation of pulmonary function among persons with or without HIV","volume":"98","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100239_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.03.026","article-title":"Effect of race and ethnicity on pulmonary function testing interpretation: a CHEST\/AARC\/ATS\/CTS evidence review and research statement","volume":"164","author":"Marciniuk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100239_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2022.03.009","article-title":"Provider perspectives on and access to palliative care for patients with interstitial lung disease","volume":"162","author":"Gersten","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chest"}],"container-title":["CHEST Pulmonary"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2949789226000061?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2949789226000061?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T23:34:35Z","timestamp":1793662475000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2949789226000061"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S2949789226000061"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100239","relation":{},"ISSN":["2949-7892"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2949-7892","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Current Practices and Preferences Regarding Race and Spirometry Interpretation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"CHEST Pulmonary","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100239","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc under license from the American College of Chest Physicians.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100239"}}