{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T07:03:17Z","timestamp":1789974197845,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chestpulmonary.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CHEST Pulmonary"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T04:10:41Z","timestamp":1777608641000},"page":"100262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ultrasound Techniques for Suspected Malignant Pleural Effusion and Nonexpandable Lung"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Yi Xin","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6333-4572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"Duong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjeevan","family":"Muruganandan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib1","first-page":"377","article-title":"Pleural effusion in adults-etiology, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"116","author":"Jany","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib2","first-page":"296","article-title":"Management of malignant pleural effusions","volume":"11","author":"Bennett","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.5.ats8-00","article-title":"American Thoracic Society, Management of malignant pleural effusions","volume":"162","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.104.5.1486","article-title":"The incidence of pleural effusion in a well-defined region. Epidemiologic study in central Bohemia","volume":"104","author":"Marel","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00349-2018","article-title":"ERS\/EACTS statement on the management of malignant pleural effusions","volume":"52","author":"Bibby","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S95663","article-title":"Management of malignant pleural effusion: challenges and solutions","volume":"9","author":"Penz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Manag Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e318189f53d","article-title":"Diagnostic and prognostic implications of pleural adhesions in malignant effusions","volume":"3","author":"Bielsa","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii32","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.136994","article-title":"Management of a malignant pleural effusion: British Thoracic Society Pleural Disease Guideline 2010","volume":"65","author":"Roberts","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii4","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.136978","article-title":"Investigation of a unilateral pleural effusion in adults: British Thoracic Society Pleural Disease Guideline 2010","volume":"65","author":"Hooper","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"5 suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e142S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-2353","article-title":"Establishing the diagnosis of lung cancer: diagnosis and management of lung cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines","volume":"143","author":"Rivera","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13199","article-title":"Unexpandable lung from pleural disease","volume":"23","author":"Huggins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3410\/M2-77","article-title":"The unexpandable lung","volume":"2","author":"Huggins","year":"2010","journal-title":"F1000 Med Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.127.3.909","article-title":"Phase III intergroup study of talc poudrage vs talc slurry sclerosis for malignant pleural effusion","volume":"127","author":"Dresler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201811-786OC","article-title":"The prevalence and clinical relevance of nonexpandable lung in malignant pleural mesothelioma. A prospective, single-center cohort study of 229 patients","volume":"16","author":"Bibby","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000034134","article-title":"Clinical predictors and outcomes of non-expandable lung following percutaneous catheter drainage in lung cancer patients with malignant pleural effusion","volume":"102","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib16","first-page":"a23786926","article-title":"Ultrasound elastography: a brief clinical history of an evolving technique","volume":"10","author":"Dietrich","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ultrasound Int Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.12.008","article-title":"Three decades of ultrasound contrast agents: a review of the past, present and future improvements","volume":"46","author":"Frinking","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.11152\/mu-3757","volume":"24","author":"Dietrich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med Ultrason"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.100545","article-title":"Thoracic ultrasound in the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion","volume":"64","author":"Qureshi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1159\/000357266","article-title":"The diagnostic value of transthoracic ultrasonographic features in predicting malignancy in undiagnosed pleural effusions: a prospective observational study","volume":"87","author":"Bugalho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1159\/000529871","article-title":"Additional up-front thoracic ultrasound in the workup of patients with unilateral pleural effusion: a prospective observational pilot study","volume":"102","author":"Fjaellegaard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14101041","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of chest ultrasonography and computed tomography as predictors of malignant pleural effusion: a prospective study","volume":"14","author":"Shehata","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02018-2018","article-title":"Ultrasound elastography: a novel tool for the differential diagnosis of pleural effusion","volume":"54","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15020225","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of shear wave elastography in predicting malignant origins of pleural effusions in emergency departments","volume":"15","author":"Nielsen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s43055-024-01209-y","article-title":"Can ultrasound shear wave elastography differentiate between malignant and benign pleural effusions?","volume":"55","author":"Taymour","year":"2024","journal-title":"Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14020204","article-title":"Ultrasound in the diagnosis of non-expandable lung: a prospective observational study of M-mode, B-mode, and 2D-shear wave elastography","volume":"14","author":"Petersen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-2876","article-title":"Novel use of pleural ultrasound can identify malignant entrapped lung prior to effusion drainage","volume":"146","author":"Salamonsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib38","article-title":"Use of a novel ultrasound sign in the management of malignant pleural effusions: a prospective observational trial","author":"Bajad","year":"2025952","journal-title":"Monaldi Arch Chest Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib47","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of B-mode- and contrast-enhanced ultrasound in differentiating malignant from benign pleural effusions","volume":"11","author":"Safai Zadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00464-2020","article-title":"Thoracic ultrasound for malignant pleural effusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Shiroshita","year":"2020","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"issue":"9-10","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-009-1188-5","article-title":"Sonographic evaluation of unexplained pleural exudate: a prospective case series","volume":"121","author":"Marcun","year":"2009","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib61","article-title":"Diagnosis of non-expandable lung using thoracic ultrasound","volume":"40","author":"Khatim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respir Med Case Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.5455\/aim.2011.19.168-171","article-title":"Application of ultrasound in medicine","volume":"19","author":"Carovac","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Inform Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4447","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S174690","article-title":"Confirmed value of shear wave elastography for ultrasound characterization of breast masses using a conservative approach in Chinese women: a large-size prospective multicenter trial","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Manag Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2016.0341","article-title":"Low elasticity of thyroid nodules on ultrasound elastography is correlated with malignancy, degree of fibrosis, and high expression of galectin-3 and fibronectin-1","volume":"27","author":"Rago","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.05.002","article-title":"Maximum value measured by 2-D shear wave elastography helps in differentiating malignancy from benign focal liver lesions","volume":"42","author":"Tian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.10.022","article-title":"Role of liver and spleen stiffness in predicting the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after resection","volume":"70","author":"Marasco","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-5629(99)00056-3","article-title":"The history of echocardiography","volume":"30","author":"Edler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2001.20.6.597","article-title":"Ultrasonographic evaluation of diaphragmatic motion","volume":"20","author":"Gerscovich","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcx088","article-title":"Sonographic barcode sign of pneumothorax","volume":"110","author":"Chuang","year":"2017","journal-title":"QJM"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201810-654CC","article-title":"The absent sinusoid sign","volume":"16","author":"Wong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"156","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0136-2019","article-title":"Thoracic ultrasound in the modern management of pleural disease","volume":"29","author":"Hassan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib40","first-page":"799","article-title":"Observations on pleural fluid pressures as fluid is withdrawn during thoracentesis","volume":"121","author":"Light","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e3281214492","article-title":"Therapeutic thoracentesis: the role of ultrasound and pleural manometry","volume":"13","author":"Feller-Kopman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.01.014","article-title":"Pleural manometry in patients with pleural diseases - the usefulness in clinical practice","volume":"145","author":"Grabczak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30421-1","article-title":"Routine monitoring with pleural manometry during therapeutic large-volume thoracentesis to prevent pleural-pressure-related complications: a multicentre, single-blind randomised controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"Lentz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13681","article-title":"Inter-observer variation in image interpretation and the prognostic importance of non-expansile lung in malignant pleural effusion","volume":"25","author":"Martin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib45","article-title":"The road less travelled: thoracic ultrasound, advanced imaging and artificial intelligence for early diagnosis of non-expandable lung in malignant pleural effusion","volume":"21","author":"Marchi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Breathe (Sheff)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S167","DOI":"10.1102\/1470-7330.2011.9042","article-title":"Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in oncology","volume":"11","author":"Madsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12115","article-title":"Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound for the differentiation of benign and malignant focal liver lesions: a meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Friedrich-Rust","year":"2013","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W56","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.14.14203","article-title":"Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of focal liver lesions","volume":"205","author":"D'Onofrio","year":"2015","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0586-1107","article-title":"The EFSUMB guidelines and recommendations for the clinical practice of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in non-hepatic applications: update 2017 (long version)","volume":"39","author":"Sidhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ultraschall Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1143-3141","article-title":"Clinical applications of contrast-enhanced thoracic ultrasound (CETUS) compared to standard reference tests: a systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ultraschall Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01519-2020","article-title":"European Respiratory Society statement on thoracic ultrasound","volume":"57","author":"Laursen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13718","article-title":"Expanding knowledge on non-expandable lungs","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21037\/amj-2019-mpe-05","article-title":"Etiopathogenesis of malignant pleural effusion","volume":"6","author":"Jovanovic","year":"2021","journal-title":"AME Medical Journal"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5021","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-06784-y","article-title":"Association of metastatic pattern and molecular status in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer adenocarcinoma","volume":"30","author":"Dormieux","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-019-02105-y","article-title":"Color Doppler ultrasonography diagnostic value in detection of malignant nodules in cysts with pathologically proven thyroid malignancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Darvish","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Transl Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-052830","article-title":"Comparison of conventional, Doppler and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in differential diagnosis of ovarian masses: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Xun","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s1","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax-2022-219784","article-title":"British Thoracic Society Guideline for pleural disease","volume":"78","author":"Roberts","year":"2023","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201807-1415ST","article-title":"Management of malignant pleural effusions. An official ATS\/STS\/STR clinical practice guideline","volume":"198","author":"Feller-Kopman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"}],"container-title":["CHEST Pulmonary"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2949789226000292?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2949789226000292?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T06:25:25Z","timestamp":1789971925000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2949789226000292"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S2949789226000292"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262","relation":{},"ISSN":["2949-7892"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2949-7892","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ultrasound Techniques for Suspected Malignant Pleural Effusion and Nonexpandable Lung","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"CHEST Pulmonary","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chpulm.2026.100262","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc under license from the American College of Chest Physicians.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100262"}}