{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T04:30:18Z","timestamp":1785731418061,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006759","name":"California Department of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006759","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Chromatography A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,27]],"date-time":"2021-03-27T19:16:08Z","timestamp":1616872568000},"page":"462097","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Validation of a high-throughput method for analysis of pesticide residues in hemp and hemp products"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1645","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2095-3936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicol\u00e1s","family":"Michlig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5934-7469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven J.","family":"Lehotay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan R.","family":"Lightfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1313-6647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Horacio","family":"Beldom\u00e9nico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Rosa","family":"Repetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0001","series-title":"Hemp: American History Revisited: The Plant With a Divided History","first-page":"232","author":"Deitch","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0002","unstructured":"United States Environmental Protection Agency, Pesticide Products Registered for Use on Hemp. www.epa.gov\/pesticide-registration\/pesticide-products-registered-use-hemp. (Accessed Sept. 2020)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0003","unstructured":"California Code of Regulations, Title 16, Division 42. Bureau of Cannabis Control, Chapter 11, \u00a7 5719 https:\/\/bcc.ca.gov\/law_regs\/readopt_text_final.pdf (Accessed Sept. 2020)\"."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0004","article-title":"Technical report: oregon Health Authority's process to decide which types of contaminants to test for in cannabis","author":"Farrer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oregon Health Authority"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0005","unstructured":"Nevada Division of Public and Behavioral Health, Marijuana Pesticide List (Revised 05\/29\/2019). http:\/\/agri.nv.gov\/Plant\/Environmental_Services\/Pesticide_Use_on_Medical_Marijuana\/. (Accessed Sept. 2020)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0006","unstructured":"Health Canada, Mandatory cannabis testing for pesticide active ingredients - List and limits. www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/publications\/drugs-health-products\/cannabis-testing-pesticide-list-limits.html. (Accessed Sept. 2020)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1039\/C3AY40930A","article-title":"Detection of pesticides in seized illegal cannabis plants","volume":"6","author":"Schneider","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1007\/s10337-016-3029-9","article-title":"Evaluation of three multiresidue methods for the determination of pesticides in marijuana (Cannabis sativa L.) with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"79","author":"P\u00e9rez-Parada","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chromatographia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.5740\/jaoacint.17-0495","article-title":"Multiresidue method of analysis of pesticides in medical cannabis","volume":"101","author":"Moulins","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. AOAC Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2019.07.006","article-title":"A sensitive multiresidue method for the determination of pesticides in marijuana by liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"1603","author":"Daniel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2019.460656","article-title":"Pesticide analysis in cannabis products","volume":"1612","author":"Atapattu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2016.00019","article-title":"Cannabis sativa: the plant of the thousand and one molecules","volume":"7","author":"Andre","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers Plant Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s10681-007-9543-y","article-title":"Time course of cannabinoid accumulation and chemotype development during the growth of Cannabis sativa L","volume":"160","author":"Pacifico","year":"2008","journal-title":"Euphytica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soncn.2019.04.012","article-title":"Using cannabis to treat cancer-related pain","volume":"35","author":"Byars","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sem. Oncol. Nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoac\/86.2.412","article-title":"Fast and easy multiresidue method employing acetonitrile extraction\/partitioning and \"dispersive solid-phase extraction\" for the determination of pesticide residues in produce","volume":"86","author":"Anastassiades","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. AOAC Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0016","first-page":"33","article-title":"Pesticide and mycotoxin analysis: mastering the complexity of the cannabis matrix","volume":"35","author":"Kinsella","year":"2017","journal-title":"LCGC North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoac\/88.2.615","article-title":"Use of buffering and other means to improve results of problematic pesticides in a fast and easy method for residue analysis of fruits and vegetables","volume":"88","author":"Lehotay","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. AOAC Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-007-1610-7","article-title":"Analysis of pesticide residues using the quick easy cheap effective rugged and safe (QuEChERS) pesticide multiresidue method in combination with gas and liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometric detection","volume":"389","author":"Paya","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12670","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.9b01559","article-title":"Comprehensive determination of unregulated pesticide residues in oregon Cannabis flower by liquid chromatography paired with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry and gas chromatography paired with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry","volume":"67","author":"Maguire","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0020","first-page":"38","article-title":"LC\u2013MS\/MS with ESI and APCI sources for meeting California cannabis pesticide and mycotoxin residue regulatory requirements","volume":"1","author":"Dalmia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cannabis Sci.Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1159\/000504391","article-title":"Screening for More than 1,000 Pesticides and Environmental Contaminants in Cannabis by GC\/Q-TOF","volume":"3","author":"Wylie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Cannabis Cannabinoids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0022","article-title":"A sensitive and robust workflow to measure residual pesticides and mycotoxins from the Canadian target list in dry Cannabis flower","author":"Roy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Agilent Appl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0023","article-title":"A fast analysis of the GC\/MS\/MS amenable pesticides regulated by the California Bureau of Cannabis Control","author":"Honnold","year":"2019","journal-title":"Agilent Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.2533\/chimia.2006.846","article-title":"Headspace solid-phase microextraction of pesticide residues in cannabis samples","volume":"60","author":"Ilias","year":"2006","journal-title":"CHIMIA Int. J. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0025","unstructured":"Extraction of pesticides from cannabis. CEM Application Note ap0168v2 (2019)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.9b07685","article-title":"Assessment of test portion sizes after sample comminution with liquid nitrogen in an improved high-throughput method for analysis of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables","volume":"68","author":"Lehotay","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c00710","article-title":"High-throughput mega-method for the analysis of pesticides, veterinary drugs, and environmental contaminants by UHPLC-MS\/MS and robotic mini-SPE cleanup\u00a0+\u00a0LPGC-MS\/MS, part 1: beef","volume":"69","author":"Monteiro","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c00995","article-title":"High-throughput mega-method for the analysis of pesticides, veterinary drugs, and environmental contaminants by UHPLC-MS\/MS and robotic mini-SPE cleanup\u00a0+\u00a0LPGC-MS\/MS, part 2: catfish","volume":"69","author":"Ninga","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5107","DOI":"10.1021\/jf505539e","article-title":"Development of an automated column solid-phase extraction cleanup of QuEChERS extracts using zirconia-based sorbent, for pesticide residue analysis by LC-MS\/MS","volume":"63","author":"Morris","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1007\/s10337-016-3116-y","article-title":"Automated mini-column solid-phase extraction cleanup for high-throughput analysis of chemical contaminants in foods by low-pressure gas chromatography\u2014Tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"79","author":"Lehotay","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chromatographia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0031","unstructured":"SANTE\/12682\/2019. Method validation & quality control procedures for pesticide residues in food & feed. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/food\/sites\/food\/files\/plant\/docs\/pesticides_mrl_guidelines_wrkdoc_2019-12682.pdf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2019.103314","article-title":"Recent developments and applications of QuEChERS based techniques on food samples during pesticide analysis","volume":"84","author":"Musarurwa","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Food Comp. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2019.02.036","article-title":"QuEChERS \u2013 Fundamentals, relevant improvements, applications, and future trends","volume":"1070","author":"Perestrelo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.126469","article-title":"Development, validation, and application of a LC-MS\/MS method for quantification of 15 cannabinoids in food","volume":"318","author":"Christinat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5959","DOI":"10.1021\/jf9029892","article-title":"Pesticide analysis in cereal grains using modified QuEChERS method combined with automated direct sample introduction GC-TOFMS and UPLC-MS\/MS techniques","volume":"58","author":"Mastovska","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.200600410","article-title":"Evaluation of the QuEChERS sample preparation approach for the analysis of pesticide residues in olives","volume":"30","author":"Cunha","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Sep. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9450","DOI":"10.1021\/ac801557f","article-title":"Toward a generic extraction method for simultaneous determination of pesticides, mycotoxins, plant toxins, and veterinary drugs in feed and food matrixes","volume":"80","author":"Mol","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6b05407","article-title":"Development of a QuEChERS-based method for the simultaneous determination of acidic pesticides, their esters, and conjugates following alkaline hydrolysis","volume":"65","author":"Steinborn","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0039","series-title":"Enabling New Levels of Quantification","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.3047","article-title":"The influence of electrospray ion source design on matrix effects","volume":"47","author":"Stahnke","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0041","article-title":"MatrixEX\u2122 \u2013 A fully automated column switching system to reduce matrix effects in LC-MS\/MS analysis","author":"Roussev","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sciex Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-016-0056-1","article-title":"Accelerated quantification of amphetamine enantiomers in human urine using chiral liquid chromatography and on-line column-switching coupled with tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"409","author":"Hadener","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2012.09.094","article-title":"Evaluation of a new column backflushing set-up in the gas chromatographic - tandem mass spectrometric analysis of pesticide residues in dietary supplements","volume":"1265","author":"Mastovska","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10341","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5b04527","article-title":"Analysis of nitrosamines in cooked bacon by QuEChERS sample preparation and gas chromatography \u2013 tandem mass spectrometry with backflushing","volume":"63","author":"Lehotay","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0045","first-page":"457","article-title":"There is no time to waste: low-pressure gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry is a proven solution for fast, sensitive, and robust GC\u2013MS analysis","author":"Lehotay","year":"2020","journal-title":"LCGC N. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0046","first-page":"391","article-title":"Utility of summation chromatographic peak integration function to avoid manual reintegrations in the analysis of targeted analytes","volume":"35","author":"Lehotay","year":"2017","journal-title":"LC GC N. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2012.10.059","article-title":"Variability of matrix effects in liquid and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry analysis of pesticide residues after QuEChERS sample preparation of different food crops","volume":"1270","author":"Kwon","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5465","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-018-0905-1","article-title":"Use of a quality control approach to assess method uncertainty in the comparison of sample processing techniques in the analysis of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables","volume":"410","author":"Lehotay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4986","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.7b04359","article-title":"Use of an efficient measurement uncertainty approach to compare room temperature and cryogenic sample processing in the analysis of chemical contaminants in foods","volume":"66","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/10408347.2014.980775","article-title":"Biological matrix effects in quantitative tandem mass spectrometry-based analytical methods: advancing biomonitoring","volume":"46","author":"Panuwet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2020.461596","article-title":"Critical review and re-assessment of analyte protectants in gas chromatography","volume":"1632","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Ramos","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2008.10.004","article-title":"Identification and confirmation of chemical residues in food by chromatography-mass spectrometry and other techniques","volume":"27","author":"Lehotay","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2015.02.012","article-title":"Current issues involving screening and identification of chemical contaminants in foods by mass spectrometry","volume":"69","author":"Lehotay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4423","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-014-8386-3","article-title":"Validation of a streamlined multiclass, multiresidue method for determination of veterinary drug residues in bovine muscle by liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"407","author":"Schneider","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2015.03.007","article-title":"Identification in residue analysis based on liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry: experimental evidence to update performance criteria","volume":"873","author":"Mol","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"}],"container-title":["Journal of Chromatography A"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021967321002211?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021967321002211?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T06:05:06Z","timestamp":1758261906000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0021967321002211"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["S0021967321002211"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9673"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9673","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Validation of a high-throughput method for analysis of pesticide residues in hemp and hemp products","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Chromatography A","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"462097"}}