{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T03:09:49Z","timestamp":1782788989717,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100026162","name":"Society for Range Management","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100026162","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Chromatography A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T23:04:50Z","timestamp":1759359890000},"page":"466430","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Determination of several cationic pesticides in food of plant and animal origin using the QuPPe method and ion chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1763","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9282-6517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann-Kathrin","family":"Sch\u00e4fer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Vetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelangelo","family":"Anastassiades","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2018.12.060","volume":"1592","author":"Francesquett","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0002","unstructured":"Chemicalize.com. https:\/\/chemicalize.com\/welcome. Last accessed July 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0003","article-title":"Commission implementing regulation (EU) No 540\/2011 implementing regulation (EC) No 1107\/2009 of the European parliament and of the council as regards the list of approved active substances","year":"2011","journal-title":"Off. J. Eur. Union"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj2001.934936x","article-title":"Plant growth regulator effects on spring cereal root and shoot growth","volume":"93","author":"Rajala","year":"2001","journal-title":"Agron. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0005","series-title":"Gibberellins","article-title":"Inhibitors of gibberellin biosynthesis: application in agriculture and horticulture","author":"Rademacher","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0006","unstructured":"European Commission. EU pesticides database \u2013 Active substances, safeners and synergists. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/food\/plant\/pesticides\/eu-pesticides-database\/start\/screen\/active-substances. Last accessed June 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0007","series-title":"Technical Report U.S. FDA, LIB","first-page":"4618","article-title":"Determination of paraquat and diquat in potato by liquid chromatography\/tandem mass spectrometry","author":"Chamkasem","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-017-2556-3","article-title":"Wie wird ein Pflanzenschutzmittelr\u00fcckstand zur Kontaminante?","volume":"60","author":"Michalski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bundesgesundheitsbl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0009","unstructured":"H. Marks, A. Barth, S. Zechmann, E. Scherbaum, M, Anastassiades. Nicotine in food \u2013 what does smoking have to do with it?, EPRW 2020, PO40. https:\/\/www.eurl-pesticides.eu\/userfiles\/file\/EurlSRM\/EPRW%202020-PO40.pdf. Last accessed June 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0010","unstructured":"Reg. (EU) 2018\/1532, Commission implementing regulation (EU) 2018\/1532 of December 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0011","first-page":"1","article-title":"Potential risk for public health due to the presence of nicotine in wild mushrooms","volume":"RN-286","year":"2009","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0012","unstructured":"EU Pesticide Database \u2013 Active substance: diquat. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/food\/plant\/pesticides\/eu-pesticides-database\/start\/screen\/active-substances\/details\/659. Last accessed June 2025."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.14252\/foodsafetyfscj.D-22-00012","article-title":"Paraquat (Pesticide)","volume":"10","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Safety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0014","unstructured":"EU Pesticide Database \u2013 Active substance: paraquat. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/food\/plant\/pesticides\/eu-pesticides-database\/start\/screen\/active-substances\/details\/952. Last accessed June 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1007\/s12161-018-1201-6","article-title":"Development of an LCMS\/MS method for simultaneous determination of the quaternary ammonium herbicides paraquat, diquat, chlormequat, and mepiquat in plant-derived commodities","volume":"11","author":"Bauer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Anal. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0016","unstructured":"M. Anastassiades, A.-K. Sch\u00e4fer, E. Eichhorn, D.I. Kolberg, H. Dias, A. Benkenstein, S. Zechmann, D. Mack, C. Wildgrube, A. Barth, B. Sauer, I. Sigalov, S. Goerlich, D. D\u00f6rk and G. Cerchia, Quick method for the analysis of highly polar pesticides in food involving extraction with acidified methanol and LC- or IC-MS\/MS measurement I. Food of plant origin (QuPPe-PO-Method), Version 12.3, 31.12.2024. https:\/\/www.eurl-pesticides.eu\/userfiles\/file\/EurlSRM\/EurlSrm_meth_QuPPe_PO_V12_3.pdf. Last accessed June 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-012-6340-9","article-title":"Development and independent laboratory validation of a simple method for the determination of paraquat and diquat in potato, cereals and pulses","volume":"404","author":"Kolberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2016.04.069","article-title":"Determination of paraquat and diquat: LC-MS method optimization and validation","volume":"209","author":"Pizzutti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0019","unstructured":"D. Mack, L. Moser, A. Wachtler, E. Eichhorn and M. Anastassiades, Analysis of diquat and paraquat by QuPPe and LC-MS\/MS \u2013 critical points. PD-45 at EPRW 2022. https:\/\/www.eurl-pesticides.eu\/userfiles\/file\/EurlSRM\/2022_Poster-EPRW_Diquat-Paraquat_PD-45.pdf. Last accessed June 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0020","unstructured":"A. Wachtler, D. Mack, D. Stanislawczyk, E. Scherbaum and M. Anastassiades, Application of IC-MS\/MS for the analysis of cationic pesticides in food. PD-72 at EPRW 2022. https:\/\/www.eurl-pesticides.eu\/userfiles\/file\/EurlSRM\/2022_Poster-EPRW_IC-MS-MS_ESI-positive_PD-72.pdf. Last accessed June 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2009.03.037","article-title":"Analysis of chlormequat and mepiquat by hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"1216","author":"Esparza","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(01)00836-6","article-title":"Simple ion chromatographic method for the determination of chlormequat residues in pears","volume":"920","author":"Peeters","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.2c04298","article-title":"Ion-exchange chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry in life science, environmental, and medical research","volume":"95","author":"Ngere","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(02)00041-9","article-title":"Applications of ion chromatography with electrospray mass spectrometric detection to the determination of environmental contaminants in water","volume":"956","author":"Roehl","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A."},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7294","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.7b00476","article-title":"Development and validation of ion chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based method for the multiresidue determination of polar ionic pesticides in food","volume":"65","author":"Adams","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.5740\/jaoacint.17-0410","article-title":"Coupling ion chromatography to Q-orbitrap for the fast and robust analysis of anionic pesticides in fruits and vegetables","volume":"101","author":"Rajski","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. AOAC Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2017.11.007","article-title":"Ion chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (IC-MS\/MS) multimethod for the determination of highly polar pesticides in plant-derived commodities","volume":"86","author":"Bauer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4503","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-024-05389-4","article-title":"Analysis of highly polar pesticides in food of plant and animal origin by ion chromatography with addressing adverse effects caused by matrix co-extractives","volume":"416","author":"Sch\u00e4fer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1039\/a902712b","article-title":"Determination of residues of the plant growth regulator chlormequat in pears by ion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry","volume":"124","author":"Startin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0030","unstructured":"T. Christison, J.E. Madden, J. Rohrer, Determination of cationic polar pesticides in homogenized fruit and vegetable sample using IC-HRAM MS, AN72908. 2019."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0031","unstructured":"J. Madden, C. Saini, C. Pohl, Y. Liu, Determination of four quaternary ammonium polar pesticides in food and beverage samples by tandem IC-MS\/MS, AN73990. 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0032","unstructured":"T. Christison, J.E. Madden, J. Rohrer, Evaluation of cationic quaternary amines by ion chromatography and mass spectroscopy (IC-MS), TN 001900. 2023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0033","unstructured":"Thermo Scientific Dionex IonPac CS17 Product Manual. 2011."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0034","unstructured":"Thermo Scientific Dionex IonPac CS21 Product Manual. 2022."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0035","unstructured":"M. Anastassiades, A.-K. Sch\u00e4fer, E. Eichhorn, D.I. Kolberg, A. Benkenstein, S. Zechmann, D. Mack, A. Barth, B. Sauer, C. Wildgrube, I. Sigalov, S. Goerlich, D. D\u00f6rk and G. Cerchia, Quick method for the analysis of highly polar pesticides in food involving extraction with acidified methanol and LC-MS\/MS measurement II. Food of animal origin (QuPPe-AO-Method), Version 3.3, 30.12.2024. https:\/\/www.eurl-pesticides.eu\/userfiles\/file\/meth_QuPPe_AO_V3_3.pdf. Last accessed June 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3019","DOI":"10.1021\/ac020361s","article-title":"Strategies for the assessment of matrix effect in quantitative bioanalytical methods based on HPLC-MS\/MS","volume":"75","author":"Matuszewski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0037","unstructured":"Analytical quality control and method validation procedure for pesticide residues analysis in food and feed; SANTE\/11312\/2021 v2. Implemented by 01.01.2024."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.4137\/ACI.S12304","article-title":"Development of methods for the determination of pKa values","volume":"8","author":"Reijenga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anal. Chem. Insights"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2023.122399","article-title":"Shorter-chained trialkylsulfonium cations are preferable as admixtures to lithium-ion and sodium-ion electrolytes in acetonitrile","volume":"385","author":"Chaban","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s10847-014-0464-9","article-title":"Effect of host-guest complex formation on the fluorescence of 6-methoxy-1-methyl-quinolinium cation with 4-sulfonatocalix[4]arene: utilization as a fluorescent probe for the study of difenzoquat binding","volume":"81","author":"Harangoz\u00f3","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Incl. Phenom. Macrocycl. Chem."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(97)01110-2","article-title":"Mechanistic aspects of electrospray ionization","volume":"749","author":"Bruins","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1021\/je980028e","article-title":"Density and viscosity studies of binary mixtures of acetonitrile with methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, propan-2-ol, butan-1-ol, 2-methylpropan-1ol, and 2-methylpropan-2-ol at (298.15, 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15) K","volume":"43","author":"Nikam","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Chem. Eng. Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.03.091","article-title":"Clean-up and matrix effect in LC-MS\/MS analysis of food of plant origin","volume":"230","author":"Kaczy\u0144ski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0044","article-title":"Method validation and application of a selective multiresidue analysis of highly polar pesticides in food matrices using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry","volume":"1594","author":"L\u00f3pez","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1021\/ac202661j","article-title":"Reduction of matrix effects in liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry by dilution of the sample extracts: How much dilution is needed?","volume":"84","author":"Stahnke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."}],"container-title":["Journal of Chromatography A"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021967325007745?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021967325007745?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T11:52:00Z","timestamp":1773143520000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0021967325007745"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S0021967325007745"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9673"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9673","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Determination of several cationic pesticides in food of plant and animal origin using the QuPPe method and ion chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Chromatography A","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466430","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"466430"}}