{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T11:16:11Z","timestamp":1789730171607,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100024208","name":"Waters Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100024208","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Chromatography A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T16:41:59Z","timestamp":1769618519000},"page":"466729","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The role of particle size distribution on permeability and efficiency of slurry-packed liquid chromatography columns"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1771","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1023-9050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrice","family":"Gritti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b1","first-page":"1358","article-title":"A new form of chromatogram employing two liquid phases","volume":"35","author":"Martin","year":"1941","journal-title":"Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2509(56)80003-1","article-title":"Longitudinal diffusion and resistance to mass transfer as causes of nonideality in chromatography","volume":"5","author":"van Deemter","year":"1956","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b3","series-title":"Dynamics of Chromatography","author":"Giddings","year":"1965"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60256a003","article-title":"Fast liquid chromatography: an investigation of operating parameters and the separation of nucleotides on pellicular ion exchangers","volume":"39","author":"Horv\u00e1th","year":"1967","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60234a026","article-title":"The performance of packings in high speed liquid chromatography II. Zipax the effect of particle size","volume":"38","author":"Knox","year":"1966","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60270a054","article-title":"Controlled surface porosity supports for high-speed gas and liquid chromatography","volume":"41","author":"Kirkland","year":"1969","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-2670(01)80592-4","article-title":"A study of liquid chromatography in columns, the time of separation","volume":"38","author":"Huber","year":"1967","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60281a009","article-title":"Effect of column to particle diameter ratio on the dispersion of unsorbed solutes in chromatography","volume":"41","author":"Knox","year":"1969","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(01)84088-7","article-title":"Movement and band spreading of unsorbed solutes in liquid chromatography","volume":"126","author":"Horvath","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(98)00497-X","article-title":"Band dispersion in chromatography - a niew view of A-term dispersion","volume":"831","author":"Knox","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6244","DOI":"10.1021\/ac034345m","article-title":"Advantages of perfectly ordered 2-D porous pillar arrays over packed bed columns for LC separations: A theoretical analysis","volume":"75","author":"Gzil","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3716","DOI":"10.1021\/ac049873s","article-title":"Influence of the pillar shape on the band broadening and the separation impedance of perfectly ordered 2-D porous chromatographic media","volume":"76","author":"Smet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b13","series-title":"Fundamentals of Preparative and Nonlinear Chromatography","author":"Guiochon","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2003.12.030","article-title":"Simulation of ordered packed beds in chromatography","volume":"2004","author":"Schure","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2006.05.066","article-title":"How does column packing microstructure affect column efficiency in liquid chromatography?","volume":"1126","author":"Schure","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2013.06.032","article-title":"The van Deemter equation: Assumptions, limits, and adjustment to modern high performance liquid chromatography","volume":"1302","author":"Gritti","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2336","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.1c10137","article-title":"Solute sorption, diffusion, and advection in macro-mesoporous materials: Toward a realistic bottom-up simulation strategy","volume":"126","author":"Tallarek","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.466289","article-title":"Mass transfer resistance in the mobile phase: Theory, data, and strategies to further improve the resolution power in pressure-driven liquid chromatography","volume":"1760","author":"Gritti","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b19","first-page":"538","article-title":"On the dispersion of a solute by diffusion, convection and exchange between phases","volume":"252","author":"Aris","year":"1959","journal-title":"Proc. Roy. Soc. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b20","series-title":"Dynamics of Fluids in Porous Media","author":"Bear","year":"1972"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b21","series-title":"Chemical and Catalytic Reaction Engineering","author":"Carberry","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.690130308","article-title":"Diffusion and dispersion in porous media","volume":"13","author":"Whitaker","year":"1967","journal-title":"AIChE J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b23","series-title":"The Physics of Flow Through Porous Media","author":"Scheidegger","year":"1974"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b24","first-page":"109","article-title":"Axial dispersion in packed beds: the effect of the quality of packing","volume":"49","author":"Gunn","year":"1971","journal-title":"Trans. Instn Chem. Engrs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b25","first-page":"T351","article-title":"Theory of axial and radial dispersion in packed beds","volume":"47","author":"Gunn","year":"1969","journal-title":"Trans. Instn Chem. Engrs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s00231-005-0019-0","article-title":"A critical review of dispersion in packed beds","volume":"42","author":"Delgado","year":"2006","journal-title":"Heat Mass Transf."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1093\/chromsci\/7.10.614","article-title":"Kinetic conditions for optimum speed and resolution in column chromatography","volume":"7","author":"Knox","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460A","DOI":"10.1021\/ac053516f","article-title":"A new separation technique takes advantage of sub-2 \u03bcm porous particles","volume":"77","author":"Mazzeo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b29","series-title":"US patent application 20070189944 A1","author":"Kirkland","year":"2007"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b30","first-page":"18","article-title":"Fused core particles for HPLC columns","volume":"39","author":"Kirkland","year":"2007","journal-title":"Amer. Laborat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1093\/chromsci\/46.3.254","article-title":"Characteristics of superficially-porous silica particles for fast HPLC: some performance comparisons with sub-2-microm particles","volume":"46","author":"DeStefano","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2007.05.030","article-title":"Comparison between the efficiencies of columns packed with fully and partially porous C18-bonded silica materials","volume":"1157","author":"Gritti","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5972","DOI":"10.1021\/ac070571a","article-title":"Mass-transfer kinetics in a Shell packing material for chromatography","volume":"79","author":"Cavazzini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2007.06.046","article-title":"Gradient elution separation and peak capacity of columns packed with porous shell particles","volume":"1163","author":"Cavazzini","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2007.06.064","article-title":"Comparative study of the performance of columns packed with several new fine silica particles would the external roughness of the particles affect column properties?","volume":"1166","author":"Gritti","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2007.08.078","article-title":"Unusual behavior of the height equivalent to a theoretical plate of a new poroshell stationary phase at high temperatures","volume":"1169","author":"Gritti","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2011.01.080","article-title":"Shell particles, trials, tribulations and triumphs","volume":"1218","author":"Guiochon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2014.06.029","article-title":"Particle size distribution and column efficiency. An ongoing debate revived with 1.9 \u03bcm titan-C18 particles","volume":"1355","author":"Gritti","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b39","article-title":"Impact of particle size distribution on HPLC column performance","volume":"32","author":"Henry","year":"2014","journal-title":"LCGC Int."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b40","first-page":"446","article-title":"The effect of particle monodispersity in HPLC column performance","volume":"41","author":"Butchart","year":"2023","journal-title":"LCGC (Column Watch)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5014","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.4c05587","article-title":"Large scale printing of robust HPLC medium via layer-by-layer stereolithography","volume":"97","author":"Wen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b42","article-title":"Microfluidic precision manufacture of high performance liquid chromatographic microspheres","volume":"64","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S.N. Telikepalli, D.C. Ripple, M. Carrier, K.L. Steffens, D. Newton, C. Montgomery, N.W.M. Ritchie, A.J. Asmar, M. Halter, Certification of Standard Reference Material\u00ae 1989: Monodisperse Irregularly Shaped Epoxy-Based Particles (Nominal 100 \u03bcm, 150 \u03bcm, 220 \u03bcm), NIST Special Publication 260-255, 2025.","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.SP.260-255"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1002\/ppsc.19900070138","article-title":"Mean particle diameters. Part I: Evaluation of definition systems","volume":"7","author":"Alderliesten","year":"1990","journal-title":"Part. Part. Syst. Charact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1002\/ppsc.19910080143","article-title":"Mean particle diameters. Part II: Standardization of nomenclature","volume":"8","author":"Alderliesten","year":"1991","journal-title":"Part. Part. Syst. Charact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2389.1958.tb01892.x","article-title":"A relation between permeability and size distribution of pores","volume":"9","author":"Marshall","year":"1958","journal-title":"J. Soil Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.690040214","article-title":"Viscous flow in multiparticle systems: Slow motion of fluids relative to beds of spherical particles","volume":"1065","author":"Hapel","year":"1958","journal-title":"AIChE J."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.103.062613","article-title":"Permeability of packs of polydisperse hard spheres","volume":"103","author":"Vasseur","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-9322(82)90047-7","article-title":"Slow flow through a periodic array of spheres","volume":"8","author":"Sangani","year":"1982","journal-title":"Int. J. Multiph. Flow"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2019.03.048","article-title":"Properties of mono- and poly-disperse spheres random pack media","volume":"350","author":"Markicevic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3903","DOI":"10.1021\/ac200424p","article-title":"Influence of the particle size distribution on hydraulic permeability and eddy dispersion in bulk packings","volume":"83","author":"Daneyko","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2012.08.024","article-title":"From random sphere packings to regular pillar arrays: Analysis of transverse dispersion","volume":"1257","author":"Daneyko","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L043301","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.105.L043301","article-title":"Universal scaling for the permeability of random packs of overlapping and nonoverlapping particles","volume":"105","author":"Vasseur","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2010.09.008","article-title":"Relationship between the particle size distribution of commercial fully porous and superficially porous high-performance liquid chromatography column packings and their chromatographic performance","volume":"1217","author":"Cabooter","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2011.09.034","article-title":"On the relationship between band broadening and the particle-size distribution of the packing material in liquid chromatography: Theory and practice","volume":"1218","author":"Gritti","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b56","article-title":"On the intrinsic effect of the particle size distribution on the permeability of particulate liquid chromatography columns. A theoretical overview","volume":"1766","author":"Gritti","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b57","first-page":"1943","article-title":"Effect of particle size distribution on column efficiency in gel chromatography","volume":"42","author":"Nakanishi","year":"1978","journal-title":"Agric. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2014.08.017","article-title":"Effect of particle size distribution on the separation efficiency in liquid chromatography","volume":"1361","author":"Horv\u00e1th","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.27.1722","article-title":"Classical transport in disordered media: Scaling and effective-medium theories","volume":"27","author":"Kirkpatrick","year":"1971","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b60","series-title":"Heterogeneous Materials: II. Nonlinear and Breakdown Properties And Atomistic Modeling (Interdiscip. Appl. Math.)","author":"Sahimi","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b61","series-title":"Flow and Transport in Porous Media and Fractured Rock: From Classical Methods to Modern Approaches","author":"Sahimi","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2136\/vzj2015.05.0071","article-title":"Permeability in two-component porous media: Effective-medium approximation compared with Lattice-Boltzmann simulations","volume":"15","author":"Ghanbarian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vadose Zone J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1021\/ie970603s","article-title":"Permeability of packed beds filled with polydisperse spherical particles","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4811941","article-title":"Discrete modelling of the packing of ellipsoidal particles","volume":"1542","author":"Zhou","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIP Conf. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3993","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2509(93)80378-4","article-title":"Flow through beds of porous particles","volume":"48","author":"Davis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1006\/jcis.1994.1062","article-title":"Liquid permeation of bidisperse colloidal hard sphere packings and the Kozeny-Carman scaling relation","volume":"162","author":"Thies-Weesie","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.50.403","article-title":"Universal scaling of fluid permeability for sphere packings","volume":"50","author":"Martys","year":"1994","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15239","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-72085-5","article-title":"Predicting permeability via statistical learning on higher-order microstructural information","volume":"10","author":"R\u00f6ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2021WR031433","article-title":"Packing fraction, tortuosity and permeability of granular-porous media with densely packed spheroidal particles: Monodisperse and polydisperse systems","volume":"58","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.80.021304","article-title":"Numerical study of the effects of particle shape and polydispersity on permeability","volume":"80","author":"Garcia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.90.022204","article-title":"Influence of particle size distribution on random close packing of spheres","volume":"90","author":"Desmond","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2011.04.058","article-title":"Mass transfer kinetics, band broadening and column efficiency","volume":"1221","author":"Gritti","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b73","first-page":"34","article-title":"Quantification of individual mass transfer phenomena in liquid chromatography for further improvement of column efficiency","volume":"32","author":"Gritti","year":"2012","journal-title":"LC-GC North Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2007.04.053","article-title":"Total pore blocking as an alternative method for the on-column determination of the external porosity of packed and monolithic reversed-phase columns","volume":"1157","author":"Cabooter","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3188","DOI":"10.1021\/ac0623742","article-title":"Application of the general height equivalent to a theoretical plate equation to size exclusion chromatography. Study of the mass transfer of high-molecular-mass compounds in liquid chromatography","volume":"79","author":"Gritti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2007.05.102","article-title":"Measurement of hold-up volumes in reverse-phase liquid chromatography definition and comparison between static and dynamic methods","volume":"1161","author":"Gritti","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.12280","article-title":"Importance of sample intraparticle diffusivity in investigations of the mass transfer mechanism in liquid chromatography","volume":"57","author":"Gritti","year":"2011","journal-title":"AIChE J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.12074","article-title":"Impact of retention on trans-column velocity biases in packed columns","volume":"56","author":"Gritti","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIChE J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2007.05.088","article-title":"Relation between the particle size distribution and the kinetic performance of packed columns: Application to a commercial sub-2\u03bcm particle material","volume":"1161","author":"Billen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2009.08.088","article-title":"Hydrodynamic chromatography for the size classification of micron and sub-micron sized packing materials","volume":"1216","author":"Thompson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2011.07.055","article-title":"High performance liquid chromatography column packings with deliberately broadened particle size distribution: Relation between column performance and packing structure","volume":"1218","author":"Liekens","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.690180334","article-title":"Effect of adsorbent particle-size distribution in gas-solid chromatography","volume":"18","author":"Dougharty","year":"1972","journal-title":"AIChE J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1252\/kakoronbunshu1953.22.780","article-title":"Mass transfer from particles to fluid in packed beds","volume":"22","author":"Wakao","year":"1958","journal-title":"Kagaku Kogaku"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2509(85)80006-3","article-title":"The effect of particles of variable size, shape and properties on the dynamics of fixed beds","volume":"40","author":"Rasmuson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2877","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2509(88)80030-7","article-title":"Exact analytic solution of a mathematical model for chromatographic operations","volume":"43","author":"Carta","year":"1988","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.690360119","article-title":"Analytic solution for chromatography with nonuniform sorbent particles","volume":"36","author":"Carta","year":"1990","journal-title":"AIChE J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b87","first-page":"531","article-title":"A comparison of mobile-phase peak dispersion in gas and liquid chromatography","volume":"1","author":"Horne","year":"1966","journal-title":"Sep. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1093\/chromsci\/10.10.606","article-title":"The performance of packings in high speed liquid chromatography II. ZIPAX\u00ae the effect of particle size","volume":"10","author":"Done","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60309a021","article-title":"Influence of column parameters on peak broadening in high-pressure liquid chromatography","volume":"44","author":"Halasz","year":"1972","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1093\/chromsci\/11.2.88","article-title":"Effect of particle size on column efficiency in liquid-solid chromatography","volume":"11","author":"Majors","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9673(83)80002-8","article-title":"Influence of the particle size distribution of the packing material in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography","volume":"260","author":"Dewaele","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b92","first-page":"277","article-title":"Longitudinal and lateral dispersion in packed beds: Effect of column length and particle size distribution","volume":"31","author":"Han","year":"1985","journal-title":"Agric. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00185a016","article-title":"Preparation and evaluation of packed capillary liquid chromatography columns with inner diameters from 20 to 50 \u03bcm","volume":"61","author":"Kennedy","year":"1989","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b94","series-title":"Separations for Biotechnology","first-page":"632","article-title":"A study of permeability and hydrodynamic dispersion under conditions of chromatographic flow","author":"\u00d6stergren","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1021\/ac950682m","article-title":"Preparation and evaluation of slurry-packed liquid chromatography microcolumns with inner diameters from 12 to 33 \u03bcm","volume":"68","author":"Hsieh","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5441","DOI":"10.1021\/ac049643d","article-title":"Use of 1.5 \u03bcm porous ethyl-bridged hybrid particles as a stationary-phase support for reversed-phase ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography","volume":"76","author":"Mellors","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b97","article-title":"Narrow distribution UHPLC particles","author":"S. Shiner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intern. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2014.05.076","article-title":"The rationale for the optimum efficiency of columns packed with new 1.9 \u03bcm fully porous titan-C18 particles - a detailed investigation of the intra-particle diffusivity","volume":"1355","author":"Gritti","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(01)92040-0","article-title":"Some observations on the performance of liquid chromatographic columns","volume":"142","author":"Scott","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2009.12.079","article-title":"Performance of columns packed with the new shell particles, kinetex-C18","volume":"1217","author":"Gritti","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b101","first-page":"586","article-title":"Facts and legends about columns packed with sub-3-\u03bcm Core\u2013Shell particles","volume":"30","author":"Gritti","year":"2012","journal-title":"LC-GC North Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b102","first-page":"4","article-title":"The mass transfer mechanism of columns packed with sub-3\u03bcm Shell particles and its reproducibility for low- and high-molecular weight compounds","volume":"3","author":"Gritti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chromatogr. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(00)90871-9","article-title":"Influence of the particle size (5\u201335 \u03bcm) of spherical silica on column efficiencies in high-pressure liquid chromatography","volume":"99","author":"Endele","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2015.01.047","article-title":"The quantitative impact of the mesopore size on the mass transfer mechanism of the new 1.9 \u03bcm fully porous titan-C18 particles. I: Analysis of small molecules","volume":"1384","author":"Gritti","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2015.02.075","article-title":"The quantitative impact of the mesopore size on the mass transfer mechanism of the new 1.9 \u03bcm fully porous titan-C18 particles. II: Analysis of biomolecules","volume":"1392","author":"Gritti","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2016.05.037","article-title":"Rationale behind the optimum efficiency of columns packed with new 1.9\u03bcm fully porous particles of narrow particle size distribution","volume":"1454","author":"Catani","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2016.05.038","article-title":"Experimental evidence of the kinetic performance achievable with columns packed with new 1.9 \u03bcm fully porous particles of narrow particle size distribution","volume":"1454","author":"Ismail","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4496","DOI":"10.1021\/ac300326k","article-title":"Morphology and separation efficiency of low-aspect-ratio capillary ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography columns","volume":"84","author":"Bruns","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.690490309","article-title":"Mechanics of column beds: I. Acquisition of the relevant parameters","volume":"49","author":"Yew","year":"2003","journal-title":"AIChE J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.690490310","article-title":"Mechanics of column beds: II. Modeling of coupled stress-strain-flow behavior","volume":"49","author":"Yew","year":"2003","journal-title":"AIChE J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2011.02.013","article-title":"Physical reconstruction of packed beds and their morphological analysis: Core\u2013shell packings as an example","volume":"1218","author":"Bruns","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2012.10.027","article-title":"Influence of particle properties on the wall region in packed capillaries","volume":"1268","author":"Bruns","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2013.10.017","article-title":"Slurry concentration effects on the bed morphology and separation efficiency of capillaries packed with sub-2 \u03bcm particles","volume":"1318","author":"Bruns","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2011.05.090","article-title":"Morphological analysis of physically reconstructed capillary hybrid silica monoliths and correlation with separation efficiency","volume":"1218","author":"Bruns","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2012.10.027","article-title":"Influence of particle properties on the wall region in packed capillaries","volume":"1268","author":"Bruns","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7150","DOI":"10.1021\/ac101393b","article-title":"From pore-scale to column-scale dispersion in capillary silica monoliths.","volume":"82","author":"Hlushkou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2017.07.049","article-title":"Analysis of packing microstructure and wall effects in a narrow-bore ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography column using focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy","volume":"1513","author":"Reising","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60214a020","article-title":"Particle-to-column diameter ratio effect on band spreading","volume":"36","author":"Sternberg","year":"1964","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b119","first-page":"82","article-title":"Understanding the science behind packing high-efficiency columns and capillaries: Facts, fundamentals, challenges, and future directions","volume":"36","author":"Gritti","year":"2018","journal-title":"LCGC North Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2016.08.002","article-title":"Implementation of high slurry concentration and sonication to pack high-efficiency, meter-long capillary ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography columns","volume":"1462","author":"Godinho","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(01)95708-5","article-title":"Dispersion in the interstitial space of packed columns","volume":"517","author":"Magnico","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729_b122","article-title":"Stress-free column packing","author":"Deloffi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intern. Rep."}],"container-title":["Journal of Chromatography A"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021967326000592?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021967326000592?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T05:32:09Z","timestamp":1771911129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0021967326000592"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":122,"alternative-id":["S0021967326000592"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9673"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9673","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The role of particle size distribution on permeability and efficiency of slurry-packed liquid chromatography columns","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Chromatography A","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.466729","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"466729"}}