{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:42:33Z","timestamp":1791286953469,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,1]],"date-time":"2004-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1093996800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,7]],"date-time":"2004-06-07T07:55:43Z","timestamp":1086594943000},"page":"343-355","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":165,"title":["West Nile: worldwide current situation in animals and humans"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Gwena\u00eblle","family":"Dauphin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phan","family":"Zientara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herv\u00e9","family":"Zeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernadette","family":"Murgue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB1","first-page":"245","article-title":"Weather, vector biology and arboviral recrudescence","volume":"vol. I","author":"Reiter","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1940.s1-20.471","article-title":"A neurotropic virus isolated from the blood of a native of Uganda","volume":"20","author":"Smithburn","year":"1940","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-59403-8_10","article-title":"The ecology and epidemiology of West Nile in Africa, Europe and Asia","volume":"267","author":"Murgue","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol: Japanese Encephalitis and West Nile Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1956.5.579","article-title":"A study of the ecology of West Nile virus in Egypt","volume":"5","author":"Taylor","year":"1956","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/93.3.207","article-title":"Isolation of West Nile virus in Israel","volume":"93","author":"Bernkopf","year":"1953","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB6","first-page":"1308","article-title":"Isolement du virus West Nile chez un cheval de Camargue atteint d'enc\u00e9phalomy\u00e9lite","volume":"262","author":"Panthier","year":"1966","journal-title":"C R Acad Sci Paris"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB7","first-page":"239","article-title":"Epid\u00e9miologie du virus West Nile: \u00e9tude d'un foyer en Camargue. IV. La m\u00e9ningo-enc\u00e9phalomy\u00e9lite du cheval","volume":"118","author":"Joubert","year":"1970","journal-title":"Ann Inst Pasteur"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB8","first-page":"295","article-title":"Epidemics of West Nile and Sindbis viruses in South Africa with Culex (Culex) univittatus Theobald as vector","volume":"72","author":"McIntosh","year":"1976","journal-title":"S Afr J Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)03538-7","article-title":"West Nile encephalitis in southeastern Romania","volume":"352","author":"Tsai","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB10","first-page":"867","article-title":"West Nile fever in horses in Morocco","volume":"11","author":"Tber Abdelhaq","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bull OIE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.2746\/042516400777612080","article-title":"Clinical and neuropathological features of West Nile virus equine encephalomyelitis in Italy","volume":"32","author":"Cantile","year":"2000","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0701.010118","article-title":"Outbreak of West Nile virus infection, Volgograd region, Russia, 1999","volume":"7","author":"Platonov","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0704.010416","article-title":"West Nile fever outbreak, Israel, 2000: epidemiologic aspects","volume":"7","author":"Weinberger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2000.13.463","article-title":"West Nile virus in New York State: the outbreak and response plan for 2000","volume":"13","author":"Novello","year":"1999","journal-title":"Viral Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-78-9-2293","article-title":"Extensive nucleotide changes and deletions within the envelope glycoprotein gene of Euro-African West Nile viruses","volume":"78","author":"Berthet","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0504.990430","article-title":"West Nile fever in Czechland","volume":"5","author":"Hubalek","year":"1999","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168s","DOI":"10.1016\/S0399-077X(01)80055-X","article-title":"R\u00f4le des oiseaux migrateurs dans l'\u00e9pid\u00e9miologie du virus West Nile","volume":"31","author":"Zeller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med Mal Inf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1993.48.726","article-title":"West Nile (Flaviviridae: Flavivirus) in experimentally infected Argas ticks (Argasidae)","volume":"48","author":"Abbassy","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0804.010217","article-title":"Introduction of West Nile virus in the Middle East by migrating white storks","volume":"8","author":"Malkinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.37-3-208","article-title":"Pathology of fatal West Nile virus infections in native and exotic birds during the 1999 outbreak in New York City, New York","volume":"37","author":"Steele","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.19.1.1201","article-title":"West Nile viral encephalitis","volume":"19","author":"Komar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev Sci Technol Off Int Epiz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0910.020617","article-title":"West Nile virus encephalitis and myocarditis in wolf and dog","volume":"9","author":"Lichtensteiger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0907.030085","article-title":"West Nile virus in farmed alligators","volume":"9","author":"Miller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-105-26006","article-title":"Overwintering of Western equine encephalitis virus in experimentally infected garter snakes and transmission to mosquitoes","volume":"105","author":"Thomas","year":"1960","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0704.010417","article-title":"West Nile virus in France in 2000: the return 38 years later","volume":"7","author":"Murgue","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0808.010486","article-title":"West Nile outbreak in horses in southern France: results of a serosurvey","volume":"8","author":"Durand","year":"2002","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB27","first-page":"43","article-title":"Human and equine West Nile virus infections in France, August\u2013September","volume":"7","author":"Mailles","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance Wkly"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.61.600","article-title":"Entomologic and avian investigations of an epidemic of West Nile fever in Romania in 1996, with serologic and molecular characterization of a virus isolate from mosquitoes","volume":"61","author":"Savage","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1086\/315225","article-title":"Continued transmission of West Nile virus to humans in Southeastern Romania, 1997\u20131998","volume":"181","author":"Cernescu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)65799-6","article-title":"West Nile: a deadly virus?","volume":"348","author":"Le Guenno","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-59403-8_15","article-title":"The role of birds in the ecology of West Nile virus in Europe and Africa","volume":"267","author":"Malkinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol: Japanese Encephalitis and West Nile Viruses"},{"issue":"286","key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5448.2333","article-title":"Origin of the West Nile virus responsible for an outbreak of encephalitis in the northeastern United States","volume":"17","author":"Lanciotti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(01)01374-0","article-title":"The West Nile virus: its recent emergence in North America","volume":"3","author":"Garmendia","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0912.030564","article-title":"West Nile virus in Mexico: evidence of widespread circulation since July 2002","volume":"9","author":"Estrada-Franco","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB35","first-page":"497","article-title":"West Nile virus activity\u2014United States, 2001","volume":"51","author":"O'Leary","year":"2002","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0907.030249","article-title":"Serologic evidence for West Nile virus transmission in Jamaica, West Indies","volume":"9","author":"Dupuis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0910.030222","article-title":"West Nile virus transmission in resident birds, Dominican Republic","volume":"9","author":"Komar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB38","article-title":"First serological occurrence of West Nile virus in Guadeloupe (French West Indies)","author":"Quirin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2002.00167.x","article-title":"Estimated risk of West Nile virus transmission through blood transfusion during an epidemic in Queens, New York City","volume":"42","author":"Biggerstaff","year":"2002","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB40","first-page":"834","article-title":"Update: investigations of West Nile virus infections among recipients of organs transplantation and blood transfusion","volume":"51","year":"2002","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB41","first-page":"877","article-title":"Possible West Nile virus transmission to an infant through breast feeding\u2014Michigan 2002","volume":"51","year":"2002","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB42","first-page":"1135","article-title":"Intrauterine West Nile infection\u2014New York","volume":"51","year":"2002","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB43","first-page":"121","article-title":"Epizootie \u00e0 virus \u2018West Nile\u2019 en France","volume":"37","author":"Zientara","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epid\u00e9miol Sant\u00e9 Anim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB44","series-title":"West Nile virus","first-page":"58","article-title":"West Nile surveillance using sentinel birds","volume":"vol. 951","author":"Komar","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB45","first-page":"496","article-title":"A portable battery-powered trap for collecting gravid Culex mosquitoes","volume":"43","author":"Reiter","year":"1983","journal-title":"Mosq News"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(02)00368-7","article-title":"West Nile virus","volume":"2","author":"Campbell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147957104000281?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147957104000281?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]],"date-time":"2019-02-07T06:56:21Z","timestamp":1549522581000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0147957104000281"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0147957104000281"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-9571"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-9571","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]}}}