{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T19:49:53Z","timestamp":1793821793833,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]],"date-time":"2021-04-05T17:45:24Z","timestamp":1617644724000},"page":"101646","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Serological evidence of West Nile virus infection in human populations and domestic birds in the Northwest of Morocco"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Najlaa","family":"Assaid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soukaina","family":"Arich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3982-6163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sayeh","family":"Ezzikouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soumaya","family":"Benjelloun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moussa","family":"Dia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oumar","family":"Faye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khadija","family":"Akarid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Lecollinet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna-Bella","family":"Failloux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4375-0077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u2019hammed","family":"Sarih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb02682.x","article-title":"West Nile virus: Uganda, 1937, to New York City, 1999","volume":"951","author":"Hayes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2004022","article-title":"West Nile virus infection of horses","volume":"35","author":"Castillo-Olivares","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05480-0","article-title":"Epidemic West Nile encephalitis, New York, 1999: results of a household-based seroepidemiological survey","volume":"358","author":"Mostashari","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8030550","article-title":"The role of birds of prey in West Nile virus epidemiology","volume":"8","author":"Vida\u00f1a","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2012.1176","article-title":"Detection and early warning of West Nile Virus circulation in Central Macedonia, Greece, using sentinel chickens and mosquitoes","volume":"13","author":"Chaskopoulou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8030507","article-title":"Pathogenicity of West Nile virus lineage 1 to German poultry","volume":"8","author":"Holicki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/376230","article-title":"The global ecology and epidemiology of West Nile virus","volume":"2015","author":"Chancey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1710.110525","article-title":"Outbreak of West Nile virus infection in Greece, 2010","volume":"17","author":"Danis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20002","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.16.43.20002-en","article-title":"Human case of autochthonous West Nile virus lineage 2 infection in Italy, September 2011","volume":"16","author":"Bagnarelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646_bib0050","series-title":"E.C. For D. Prevention, Control, Epidemiological Update: West Nile Virus Transmission Season in Europe","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1102.040817","article-title":"West Nile virus in Morocco, 2003","volume":"11","author":"Schuffenecker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1510.090340","article-title":"West Nile virus antibodies in wild birds, Morocco, 2008","volume":"15","author":"Figuerola","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026881600011X","article-title":"Seroprevalence of West Nile and Usutu viruses in military working horses and dogs, Morocco, 2012: dog as an alternative WNV sentinel species?","volume":"144","author":"Durand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1805.110826","article-title":"Serologic evidence of West Nile virus infection among humans, Morocco","volume":"18","author":"El Rhaffouli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2020.105414","article-title":"Evidence of circulation of West Nile virus in Culex pipiens mosquitoes and horses in Morocco","volume":"205","author":"Assaid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646_bib0080","first-page":"113","article-title":"A simple micro-culture method for the study of group B arboviruses","volume":"40","author":"de Madrid","year":"1969","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/678084","article-title":"A high-performance multiplex immunoassay for serodiagnosis of flavivirus-associated neurological diseases in horses","volume":"2015","author":"Beck","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646_bib0090","first-page":"248","article-title":"Isolement du virus West Nile au Maroc","volume":"1","author":"El Harrack","year":"1997","journal-title":"Virologie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.71","article-title":"Seroprevalence of West Nile virus in horses in different Moroccan regions","volume":"3","author":"Benjelloun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646_bib0100","first-page":"867","article-title":"West Nile fever in horses in Morocco","volume":"108","author":"Tber Abdelhaq","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bull. Off. Int. Epizoot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.3399","article-title":"Serological evidence of West Nile Virus infection among humans in the southern Provinces of Morocco","volume":"7","author":"El Rhaffouli","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2808","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268817001789","article-title":"Evidence of exposure of laughing doves (Spilopelia senegalensis) to West Nile and Usutu viruses in southern Tunisian oases","volume":"145","author":"Ayadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7070184","article-title":"West Nile virus and Usutu virus co-circulation in Europe: epidemiology and implications","volume":"7","author":"Zannoli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0903.020628","article-title":"Experimental infection of North American birds with the New York 1999 strain of West Nile virus","volume":"9","author":"Komar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0704.017422","article-title":"Experimental infection of chickens as candidate sentinels for West Nile virus","volume":"7","author":"Langevin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4718","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph10104718","article-title":"West Nile virus transmission in sentinel chickens and potential mosquito vectors, Senegal River Delta, 2008\u20132009","volume":"10","author":"Fall","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2019.105223","article-title":"Detection of enzootic circulation of a new strain of West Nile virus lineage 1 in sentinel chickens in the north of Tunisia","volume":"202","author":"Amdouni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646_bib0140","article-title":"Genetic characterization of West Nile Virus strains during neuroinvasives infection outbreak in Tunisia, 2018","author":"Fares","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12152","article-title":"Surveillance and early warning of West Nile virus lineage 2 using backyard chickens and correlation to human neuroinvasive cases","volume":"62","author":"Chaintoutis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900543","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.32.1900543","article-title":"West Nile virus in humans, Greece, 2018: the largest seasonal number of cases, 9 years after its emergence in the country","volume":"25","author":"Pervanidou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646_bib0155","series-title":"5th Int. Vet. Poult. Congr. Proc. Book","article-title":"West Nile virus in birds and poultry and its implication on public health","author":"Savi\u0107","year":"2016"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12584","article-title":"Flaviviruses in migratory passerines during spring stopover in a desert oasis","volume":"66","author":"Ayadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.94.s1.6.x","article-title":"Migratory birds and West Nile virus","volume":"94","author":"Rappole","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2019.01.008","article-title":"Evidence of West Nile virus circulation among humans in central northern Algeria","volume":"29","author":"Hachid","year":"2019","journal-title":"New Microbes New Infect."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.6127","article-title":"Distribution of insecticide resistance and molecular mechanisms involved in the West Nile vector Culex pipiens in Morocco","volume":"77","author":"Arich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pest Manag. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646_bib0180","series-title":"Event summary: West Nile fever, Morocco","author":"World Animal Health Information Database","year":"2010"}],"container-title":["Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147957121000382?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147957121000382?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T06:45:46Z","timestamp":1758955546000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0147957121000382"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S0147957121000382"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646","relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-9571"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-9571","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Serological evidence of West Nile virus infection in human populations and domestic birds in the Northwest of Morocco","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101646","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101646"}}