{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T14:39:22Z","timestamp":1788446362498,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711065600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":356,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2023.101960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T15:59:34Z","timestamp":1676390374000},"page":"101960","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep in Algeria"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Nassim","family":"Ouchene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azra","family":"Hamidovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadjet Amina","family":"Khelifi Touhami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelkrim","family":"Aroussi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imane","family":"Ouchetati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Djamel","family":"Khelef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hichem","family":"Dahmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lokman","family":"Galal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Plault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Laure","family":"Dard\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aur\u00e9lien","family":"Mercier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2023.101960_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-9-25","article-title":"Seroprevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii in sheep in Grosseto district, Tuscany, Italy","volume":"9","author":"Cenci-Goga","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2023.101960_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.02.026","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis in sheep - the last 20 years","volume":"163","author":"Dubey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2023.101960_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2009.01276.x","article-title":"A brief history and overview of Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"57","author":"Innes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Zoonose Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2023.101960_bib4","series-title":"Toxoplasmosis of Animals and Humans","first-page":"318","author":"Dubey","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2023.101960_bib5","first-page":"22","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma antibodies in domestic animals- an indicator of Toxoplasma gondii in the environment and human","volume":"12","author":"Jithendran","year":"2004","journal-title":"ENVIS Bull. Himal. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2023.101960_bib6","first-page":"1","article-title":"Surveillance and monitoring of Toxoplasma in humans, food and animals, a scientific opinion of the panel on biological hazards","volume":"583","author":"Olivier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. Food Saf. Assoc. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2023.101960_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00124-7","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii, from animals to humans","volume":"30","author":"Tenter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2023.101960_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.5897\/AJAR2015.9575","article-title":"Sero-epidemiological survey on toxoplasmosis in cattle, sheep and goats in Algeria","volume":"10","author":"Dechicha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Afr. J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2023.101960_bib9","unstructured":"K. Ait-Oudhia, A. Mohamed-Cherif, Sero-epidemiological survey of toxoplasmosis in cattle, sheep and goats in Algeria. International Conference on Parasitology August 24\u201326. Philadelphia, USA. Posters-Accepted Abstracts, J. Bacteriol. Parasitol. 6 (2015) 4."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2023.101960_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2020.101603","article-title":"Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among animals in Algeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"74","author":"Ouchetati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comp. Immun. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2023.101960_bib11","first-page":"89","article-title":"Serological survey of cattle toxoplasmosis in Medea, Algeria","volume":"12","author":"Khames","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol. Reg. Stud. Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2023.101960_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2019.855-859","article-title":"Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in rabbit of local Algerian population","volume":"12","author":"Henneb","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2023.101960_bib13","first-page":"271","article-title":"Detection of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies among horses (Equus caballus) and donkeys (Equus asinus) in Tiaret province, northwestern Algeria","volume":"166","author":"Mohamed-Cherif","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. M\u00e9d. V\u00e9t."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2023.101960_bib14","unstructured":"Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Agriculture et de D\u00e9veloppement Rural (MADR), 2013. Statistiques Agricoles. S\u00e9rie B."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2023.101960_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-019-01921-2","article-title":"Serological survey for anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in sheep of northeastern Algeria","volume":"51","author":"Benlakehal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2023.101960_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respe.2013.11.072","article-title":"Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Annaba, Algeria","volume":"62","author":"Messerer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Epidemiol. St. Publique"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2023.101960_bib17","series-title":"Profil fourrager","first-page":"30","author":"Nedjraoui","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2023.101960_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2017-8","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii survey in cats from two environments of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil by Modified Agglutination Test on sera and filter-paper","volume":"10","author":"Bolais","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2023.101960_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182015001316","article-title":"Validation of the modified agglutination test for detection of Toxoplasma gondii in free-range chickens by using cat and mouse bioassay","volume":"143","author":"Dubey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2023.101960_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2005.03.025","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep from Marrakech, Morocco","volume":"130","author":"Sawadogo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2023.101960_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1007\/s13149-013-0290-4","article-title":"Pr\u00e9valence d\u2019infection des ovins par Toxoplasma gondii en Tunisie","volume":"106","author":"Gharbi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2023.101960_bib22","first-page":"1.0","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection and associated risk factors in animals presented to Sholla and Akaki-Kality Veterinary Clinics, Addis Ababa","volume":"16","author":"Getachew","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glob. J. Med. Res. (G) Vet. Sci. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2023.101960_bib23","first-page":"245","article-title":"Prevalence of Toxoplasmosis in sheep, goats and cattle in Southern Tunisia","volume":"6","author":"Lachkhem","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2023.101960_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.05.018","article-title":"Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of the modified agglutination test (MAT) and an indirect ELISA for the detection of serum antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in sheep through Bayesian approaches","volume":"148","author":"Mainar-Jaime","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2023.101960_bib25","first-page":"117","article-title":"Detection of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in an Egyptian sheep-herd using modern serological techniques","volume":"1","author":"El-Ghaysh","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Egypt. Assoc. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2023.101960_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.02.016","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of various serological tests for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in naturally infected sheep","volume":"153","author":"Shaapan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2023.101960_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-016-0906-2","article-title":"Seroepidemiology and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and goats in Southwestern Ethiopia","volume":"12","author":"Tegegne","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2023.101960_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.5604\/12321966.1141370","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii in small ruminants in Northern Italy - prevalence and risk factors","volume":"22","author":"Gazzonis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Agric. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2023.101960_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.07.020","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii in sheep from the Campania region (Italy)","volume":"149","author":"Fusco","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2023.101960_bib30","article-title":"Risk factors associated with seropositivity to Toxoplasma among sheep and goats in Northern Iraq","volume":"15","author":"Al Hamada","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol. Reg. Stud. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2023.101960_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00385636","article-title":"Prevalence of agglutinating antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in small ruminants of the Madrid region, and identification of factors influencing seropositivity by multivariate analysis","volume":"20","author":"Mainar","year":"1996","journal-title":"Veterinary Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2023.101960_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/154.4.357","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii infection in the United States Seroprevalence and risk Factors","volume":"154","author":"Jones","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2023.101960_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-9-117","article-title":"Seroepidemiological study of ovine toxoplasmosis in East and West Shewa Zones of Oromia regional state, Central Ethiopia","volume":"9","author":"Gebremedhin","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2023.101960_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2012.07.020","article-title":"Seroepidemiological study of caprine toxoplasmosis in East and West Shewa Zones, Oromia Regional State, Central Ethiopia","volume":"94","author":"Zewdu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."}],"container-title":["Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147957123000188?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147957123000188?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T06:48:53Z","timestamp":1758955733000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0147957123000188"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["S0147957123000188"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cimid.2023.101960","relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-9571"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-9571","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep in Algeria","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cimid.2023.101960","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101960"}}