{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T03:54:38Z","timestamp":1774410878926,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456790400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinecjc.ca","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Canadian Journal of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,24]],"date-time":"2015-06-24T23:31:06Z","timestamp":1435188666000},"page":"296-310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["The Canadian Cardiovascular Society Heart Failure Companion: Bridging Guidelines to Your Practice"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0535-9771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan G.","family":"Howlett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2724-4086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin A.","family":"Ezekowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Harkness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George A.","family":"Heckman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Kouz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Leblanc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gordon W.","family":"Moe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eileen","family":"O\u2019Meara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Howard","family":"Abrams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anique","family":"Ducharme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Grzeslo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter G.","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheri L.","family":"Koshman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serge","family":"Lepage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"McKelvie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miroslaw","family":"Rajda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Swiggum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Virani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shelley","family":"Zieroth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0828-282X(07)70211-8","article-title":"Canadian Cardiovascular Society Consensus Conference recommendations on heart failure update 2007: prevention, management during intercurrent illness or acute decompensation, and use of biomarkers","volume":"23","author":"Arnold","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0828-282X(06)70237-9","article-title":"Canadian Cardiovascular Society consensus conference recommendations on heart failure 2006: diagnosis and management","volume":"22","author":"Arnold","year":"2006","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2013.10.010","article-title":"The 2013 Canadian Cardiovascular Society Heart Failure Management Guidelines Update: focus on rehabilitation and exercise and surgical coronary revascularization","volume":"30","author":"Moe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0828-282X(09)70477-5","article-title":"Canadian Cardiovascular Society Consensus Conference Guidelines on heart failure, update 2009: diagnosis and management of right-sided heart failure, myocarditis, device therapy and recent important clinical trials","volume":"25","author":"Howlett","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0828-282X(10)70367-6","article-title":"The 2010 Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of heart failure update: heart failure in ethnic minority populations, heart failure and pregnancy, disease management, and quality improvement\/assurance programs","volume":"26","author":"Howlett","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0828-282X(08)70545-2","article-title":"Canadian Cardiovascular Society Consensus Conference Guidelines on heart failure\u20132008 update: best practices for the transition of care of heart failure patients, and the recognition, investigation and treatment of cardiomyopathies","volume":"24","author":"Malcom","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2011.03.011","article-title":"The 2011 Canadian Cardiovascular Society heart failure management guidelines update: focus on sleep apnea, renal dysfunction, mechanical circulatory support, and palliative care","volume":"27","author":"McKelvie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2012.10.007","article-title":"The 2012 Canadian Cardiovascular Society heart failure management guidelines update: focus on acute and chronic heart failure","volume":"29","author":"McKelvie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2014.10.022","article-title":"The 2014 Canadian Cardiovascular Society Heart Failure Management Guidelines Focus Update: anemia, biomarkers, and recent therapeutic trial implications","volume":"31","author":"Moe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-4215(08)60047-8","article-title":"The Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) heart failure consensus conference program: shaping the future of heart failure management in Canada","volume":"7","author":"Arnold","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-4215(08)60062-4","article-title":"The Canadian Cardiovascular Society Heart Failure Guidelines implementation: initial results from the National Workshop Initiative","volume":"7","author":"Howlett","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib12","unstructured":"Arnold JMO, Ignazweski A, Howlett J; on behalf of the Canadian Heart Failure Network Inc. Changes in drug utilization in patients referred to outpatient heart failure clinics in Canada between 1999 and 2007. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;53. A166."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib13","first-page":"439","article-title":"Identifying opportunities to address the congestive heart failure burden: the Improving Cardiovascular Outcomes in Nova Scotia (ICONS) study","volume":"19","author":"Howlett","year":"2003","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib14","unstructured":"Howlett JM, Harkness K, Heckman G, et al. Survey for Practical HF Guidelines Implementations by Canadian Experts. Available at: http:\/\/ccs.ca\/en\/guidelines\/guidelines-library. Accessed August 26, 2015."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/S0828-282X(06)70290-2","article-title":"Treating the right patient at the right time: access to heart failure care","volume":"22","author":"Ross","year":"2006","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib16","unstructured":"Canadian Cardiovascular Society. Mobile apps. Available at: http:\/\/www.ccs.ca\/index.php\/en\/resources\/mobile-apps. Accessed May 15, 2015."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfr051","article-title":"Influence of order and type of drug (bisoprolol vs. enalapril) on outcome and adverse events in patients with chronic heart failure: a post hoc analysis of the CIBIS-III trial","volume":"13","author":"Funck-Brentano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.582320","article-title":"Effect on survival and hospitalization of initiating treatment for chronic heart failure with bisoprolol followed by enalapril, as compared with the opposite sequence: results of the randomized Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study (CIBIS) III","volume":"112","author":"Willenheimer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib19","unstructured":"Canadian Cardiovascular Society. Heart Failure medication titration App and Heart Failure Guidelines app. Available at: http:\/\/www.ccs.ca\/index.php\/en\/resources\/mobile-apps. Accessed May 15, 2015."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib20","unstructured":"Canadian Cardiovascular Society. Heart Failure Pocket Guides. Available at: http:\/\/www.ccs.ca\/index.php\/en\/resources\/pocket-guides. Accessed May 15, 2015."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib21","unstructured":"Canadian Cardiovascular Society. Heart Failure Guidelines Educational Slide Decks. Available at: http:\/\/www.ccs.ca\/index.php\/en\/resources\/educational-slide-decks. Accessed May 15, 2015."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-009-9288-x","article-title":"Incidence of risk factors for developing hyperkalemia when using ACE inhibitors in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"31","author":"Amir","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharm World Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-013-9830-8","article-title":"Evaluation of the concurrent use of potassium-influencing drugs as risk factors for the development of hyperkalemia","volume":"35","author":"Kuijvenhoven","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.778811","article-title":"Serum potassium and clinical outcomes in the Eplerenone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study (EPHESUS)","volume":"118","author":"Pitt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfq049","article-title":"Rationale and design of the Eplerenone in Mild Patients Hospitalization And SurvIval Study in Heart Failure (EMPHASIS-HF)","volume":"12","author":"Zannad","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2618","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000146819.43235.A9","article-title":"Mortality and morbidity reduction with candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction: results of the CHARM low-left ventricular ejection fraction trials","volume":"110","author":"Young","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1009492","article-title":"Eplerenone in patients with systolic heart failure and mild symptoms","volume":"364","author":"Zannad","year":"2011","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.09.011","article-title":"Clinical outcomes according to baseline blood pressure in patients with a low ejection fraction in the CHARM (Candesartan in Heart Failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and Morbidity)","volume":"52","author":"Meredith","year":"2008","journal-title":"Program. J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2009.06.438","article-title":"Closing the heart failure management gap in the community: managing hypotension and impact on outcomes","volume":"15","author":"Akosah","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Card Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2008.03.003","article-title":"Multiple neurohumoral modulating agents in systolic dysfunction heart failure: are we lowering blood pressure too much?","volume":"14","author":"Mak","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Card Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.18.2217","article-title":"Systolic blood pressure at admission, clinical characteristics, and outcomes in patients hospitalized with acute heart failure","volume":"296","author":"Gheorghiade","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.11.037","article-title":"Influence of pretreatment systolic blood pressure on the effect of carvedilol in patients with severe chronic heart failure: the Carvedilol Prospective Randomized Cumulative Survival (COPERNICUS) study","volume":"43","author":"Rouleau","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi386","article-title":"Influence of heart rate, blood pressure, and beta-blocker dose on outcome and the differences in outcome between carvedilol and metoprolol tartrate in patients with chronic heart failure: results from the COMET trial","volume":"26","author":"Metra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.12.044","article-title":"Association of heart rate and outcomes in a broad spectrum of patients with chronic heart failure: results from the CHARM (Candesartan in Heart Failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity) program","volume":"59","author":"Castagno","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2380","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.006855","article-title":"Heart failure with recovered ejection fraction: clinical description, biomarkers, and outcomes","volume":"129","author":"Basuray","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.111.966366","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in ejection fraction in heart failure patients with preserved and reduced ejection fraction","volume":"5","author":"Dunlay","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.111.000045","article-title":"Natural history of left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with heart failure","volume":"6","author":"Clarke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199209033271003","article-title":"Effect of enalapril on mortality and the development of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions. The SOLVD Investigators","volume":"327","year":"1992","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2014.04.013","article-title":"Can medications be safely withdrawn in patients with stable chronic heart failure? Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Hopper","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Card Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hfc.2013.09.014","article-title":"Pregnancy in women with heart disease: risk assessment and management of heart failure","volume":"10","author":"Grewal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heart Fail Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.07.961","article-title":"Risk of subsequent pregnancy in women with a history of peripartum cardiomyopathy","volume":"64","author":"Elkayam","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000162478.36652.7E","article-title":"Pregnancy-associated cardiomyopathy: clinical characteristics and a comparison between early and late presentation","volume":"111","author":"Elkayam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2012.11.008","article-title":"Prednisone in Uric Acid lowering in Symptomatic Heart Failure Patients With Hyperuricemia (PUSH-PATH) study","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1100356","article-title":"Coronary-artery bypass surgery in patients with left ventricular dysfunction","volume":"364","author":"Velazquez","year":"2011","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0900559","article-title":"Coronary bypass surgery with or without surgical ventricular reconstruction","volume":"360","author":"Jones","year":"2009","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2012.11.004","article-title":"Screening of frailty in elderly patients with disability by the means of Marigliano-Cacciafesta polypathology scale (MCPS) and Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA) scales","volume":"56","author":"Martocchia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1097\/HCO.0b013e32835dd0e9","article-title":"Heart failure in the elderly","volume":"28","author":"Chan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.110.959114","article-title":"Characteristics and outcomes of very elderly patients after first hospitalization for heart failure","volume":"4","author":"Shah","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfr030","article-title":"Predictors of clinical outcomes in elderly patients with heart failure","volume":"13","author":"Manzano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00947-1","article-title":"Noncardiac comorbidity increases preventable hospitalizations and mortality among Medicare beneficiaries with chronic heart failure","volume":"42","author":"Braunstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7133.2011.00245.x","article-title":"Ethics in the treatment of advanced heart failure: palliative care and end-of-life issues","volume":"17","author":"Tanner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Congest Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988710390813","article-title":"Validity of the montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) as a screening test for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in a cardiovascular population","volume":"24","author":"McLennan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x","article-title":"The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment","volume":"53","author":"Nasreddine","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"II13","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03035121","article-title":"Methodological aspects in the assessment of severity of depression by the Hamilton Depression Scale","volume":"251","author":"Moller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1166(199704)12:4<436::AID-GPS499>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"The Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) Scale: assessment of depression in the medically ill elderly","volume":"12","author":"Schein","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"suppl 11","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S454","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20556","volume":"63","author":"Smarr","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17277-2","article-title":"Self-management interventions for chronic illness","volume":"364","author":"Newman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192628","article-title":"State of the science: promoting self-care in persons with heart failure: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"120","author":"Riegel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfq219","article-title":"Self-care management of heart failure: practical recommendations from the Patient Care Committee of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology","volume":"13","author":"Lainscak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1177\/1474515113518434","article-title":"Caregivers\u2019 contributions to heart failure self-care: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Buck","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1097\/JCN.0000000000000118","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review of patient heart failure self-care strategies","volume":"30","author":"Harkness","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1097\/ANS.0b013e318261b1ba","article-title":"A\u00a0middle-range theory of self-care of chronic illness","volume":"35","author":"Riegel","year":"2012","journal-title":"ANS Adv Nurs Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2011.03907.x","article-title":"An integrative review of interventions promoting self-care of patients with heart failure","volume":"21","author":"Barnason","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2013.06.013","article-title":"Social support and self-care behaviors in individuals with heart failure: an integrative review","volume":"51","author":"Graven","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-1801-2-320","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators to self-care in chronic heart failure: a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies","volume":"2","author":"Siabani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Springerplus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/NUR.0000000000000021","article-title":"Self-care in older adults with heart failure: an integrative review","volume":"28","author":"Zavertnik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Nurse Spec"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0828282X15004754?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0828282X15004754?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,21]],"date-time":"2018-09-21T08:58:26Z","timestamp":1537520306000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0828282X15004754"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0828282X15004754"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["0828-282X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0828-282X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Canadian Cardiovascular Society Heart Failure Companion: Bridging Guidelines to Your Practice","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Canadian Journal of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.019","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2016 Canadian Cardiovascular Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}