{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T18:50:11Z","timestamp":1789411811618,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinecjc.ca","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Canadian Journal of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,28]],"date-time":"2018-03-28T17:26:09Z","timestamp":1522257969000},"page":"1059-1068","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Cardiac Complications Associated With Checkpoint Inhibition: A Systematic Review of the Literature in an Important Emerging Area"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Hassan","family":"Mir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Alhussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sulaiman","family":"Alrashidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8965-9690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hussain","family":"Alzayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Alshatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Valettas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Som D.","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vidhya","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darryl P.","family":"Leong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.05.003","article-title":"Recent insights into the role of the PD-1\/PD-L1 pathway in immunological tolerance and autoimmunity","volume":"12","author":"Gianchecchi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2016.10.007","article-title":"Checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer-a meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1602252","article-title":"Nivolumab for recurrent squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck","volume":"375","author":"Ferris","year":"2016","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1510665","article-title":"Nivolumab versus everolimus in advanced renal-cell carcinoma","volume":"373","author":"Motzer","year":"2015","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1003466","article-title":"Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma","volume":"363","author":"Hodi","year":"2010","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1613683","article-title":"Pembrolizumab as second-line therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma","volume":"376","author":"Bellmunt","year":"2017","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib7","first-page":"2117","article-title":"PD-1 inhibition and treatment of advanced melanoma-role of pembrolizumab","volume":"6","author":"Jazirehi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Cancer Res"},{"issue":"suppl 8","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib8","first-page":"viii239","article-title":"Treatment of patients with advanced refractory or relapsed melanoma in a phase II study of tremelimumab (CP-675,206), an anti-CTLA4 monoclonal antibody [abstract]","volume":"19","author":"Kirkwood","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"15 Supp 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib9","article-title":"Ipilimumab in the common daily practice: feasibility, safety, and efficacy in heavily pretreated metastatic melanoma patients [abstract]","volume":"27","author":"Di Giacomo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25639","article-title":"Phase 1 dose-escalation trial of tremelimumab plus sunitinib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma","volume":"117","author":"Rini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053745","article-title":"The price of tumor control: an analysis of rare side effects of anti-CTLA-4 Therapy in metastatic melanoma from the Ipilimumab Network","volume":"8","author":"Voskens","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib12","first-page":"77","article-title":"Hyponatraemia and tachyarrhythmia during ipilimumab: lessons from the autopsy [abstract]","volume":"11","author":"Murer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib13","first-page":"S798","article-title":"Clinical activity, safety and biomarkers of PD-L1 blockade in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): additional analyses from a clinical study of the engineered antibody MPDL3280A (anti-PDL1) [abstract]","volume":"49","author":"Soria","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.13943","article-title":"Ipilimumab plus sargramostim vs ipilimumab alone for treatment of metastatic melanoma: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"312","author":"Hodi","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5 Supp 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2014.08.204","article-title":"First-line monotherapy with nivolumab (anti-PD-1; BMS-936558, ONO-4538) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): safety, efficacy, and correlation of outcomes with PD-l1 status","volume":"90","author":"Rizvi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.2437_8","article-title":"What can we learn regarding immunotherapy from malignant melanoma?","volume":"35","author":"Eggermont","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-015-0057-1","article-title":"Acute heart failure due to autoimmune myocarditis under pembrolizumab treatment for metastatic melanoma","volume":"3","author":"Laubli","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-14-0227","article-title":"Preexisting levels of CD4 T cells expressing PD-1 are related to overall survival in prostate cancer patients treated with ipilimumab","volume":"3","author":"Kwek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-015-0048-2","article-title":"Apical ballooning and cardiomyopathy in a melanoma patient treated with ipilimumab: A case of takotsubo-like syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Geisler","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib20","first-page":"794842","article-title":"Late onset ipilimumab-induced pericarditis and pericardial effusion: a rare but life threatening complication","volume":"2015","author":"Yun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Case Rep Oncol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1097\/CMR.0000000000000185","article-title":"Ipilimumab in the real world: the UK expanded access programme experience in previously treated advanced melanoma patients","volume":"25","author":"Ahmad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Melanoma Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib22","first-page":"393","article-title":"Keytruda induced abnormal elevation of c-reaction protein and arrhythmia: a case report and literature review","volume":"5","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anti-Tumor Pharmacy"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S720","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(15)30074-5","article-title":"Activity of PD-1 blockade with pembrolizumab as first systemic therapy in patients with advanced Merkel cell carcinoma","volume":"51","author":"Nghiem","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S632","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(16)31737-3","article-title":"First-line monotherapy with nivolumab (NIVO) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): safety, efficacy, and biomarker analyses","volume":"51","author":"Gettinger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.08.023","article-title":"Pericardial effusion with tamponade physiology induced by nivolumab","volume":"222","author":"Nesfeder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-016-1918-2","article-title":"Cardiac allograft rejection as a complication of PD-1 checkpoint blockade for cancer immunotherapy: a case report","volume":"66","author":"Owonikoko","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2016.02.024","article-title":"Neurological, respiratory, musculoskeletal, cardiac and ocular side-effects of anti-PD-1 therapy","volume":"60","author":"Zimmer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2016.11.1897","article-title":"Immunotherapy with nivolumab in NSCLC patients: one centre preliminary results","volume":"12","author":"Lampaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2016.11.1838","article-title":"Immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: a new approach and a new challenge","volume":"12","author":"Linhas","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2016-216228","article-title":"Suspected autoimmune myocarditis and cardiac conduction abnormalities with nivolumab therapy for non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"2016","author":"Gibson","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1097\/MJT.0000000000000430","article-title":"Left ventricular dysfunction after treatment with ipilimumab for metastatic melanoma","volume":"23","author":"Roth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1609214","article-title":"Fulminant myocarditis with combination immune checkpoint blockade","volume":"375","author":"Johnson","year":"2016","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V128.22.490.490","article-title":"Pembrolizumab in combination with pomalidomide and dexamethasone for relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) [abstract]","volume":"128","author":"Badros","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1159\/000447053","article-title":"Nivolumab-induced pericardial tamponade: a case report and discussion","volume":"136","author":"Kushnir","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-016-0185-2","article-title":"Recurrent pleural effusions and cardiac tamponade as possible manifestations of pseudoprogression associated with nivolumab therapy- a report of two cases","volume":"4","author":"Kolla","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-016-0152-y","article-title":"Cardiotoxicity associated with CTLA4 and PD1 blocking immunotherapy","volume":"4","author":"Heinzerling","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1097\/CMR.0000000000000251","article-title":"Myocarditis as an immune-related adverse event with ipilimumab\/nivolumab combination therapy for metastatic melanoma","volume":"26","author":"Mehta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Melanoma Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2015.1101204","article-title":"GM-CSF and ipilimumab therapy in metastatic melanoma: clinical outcomes and immunologic responses","volume":"5","author":"Kwek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-016-0117-1","article-title":"Systemic inflammation in a melanoma patient treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors-an autopsy study","volume":"4","author":"Koelzer","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.116.003514","article-title":"Acute lymphocytic myocarditis with anti-PD-1 antibody nivolumab","volume":"9","author":"Tadokoro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.12961","article-title":"Myasthenic crisis and polymyositis induced by one dose of nivolumab","volume":"107","author":"Kimura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2016.06.025","article-title":"Drug-induced myocarditis after nivolumab treatment in a patient with PDL1- negative squamous cell carcinoma of the lung","volume":"99","author":"Semper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88A","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.08.096","article-title":"Acute myocarditis and myositis associated with nivolumab therapy [abstract]","volume":"150","author":"Mehta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9016","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.34.15_suppl.9016","article-title":"Pembrolizumab (pembro) plus chemotherapy as front-line therapy for advanced NSCLC: KEYNOTE-021 cohorts A-C","volume":"34","author":"Gadgeel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000000217","article-title":"Ipilimumab-associated bilateral optic neuropathy","volume":"35","author":"Yeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1177\/1078155216635853","article-title":"Late-onset pericardial tamponade, bilateral pleural effusions and recurrent immune monoarthritis induced by ipilimumab use for metastatic melanoma","volume":"23","author":"Dasanu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oncol Pharm Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)00544-6","article-title":"Safety and antitumour activity of durvalumab plus tremelimumab in non-small cell lung cancer: a multicentre, phase 1b study","volume":"17","author":"Antonia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib48","first-page":"312","article-title":"Two cases of sinusitis induced by immune checkpoint inhibition","volume":"40","author":"Dein","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2017.09.025","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis: a new challenge for cardiologists. A new kind of autoimmune myocarditis","volume":"34","author":"Frigeri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2017.253","article-title":"Successful use of equine anti-thymocyte globulin (ATGAM) for fulminant myocarditis secondary to nivolumab therapy","volume":"117","author":"Tay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.291","article-title":"Apical takotsubo syndrome in a patient with metastatic breast carcinoma on novel immunotherapy","volume":"222","author":"Anderson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004359","article-title":"Nivolumab-related myasthenia gravis with myositis and myocarditis in Japan","volume":"89","author":"Suzuki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.93_13578","article-title":"Antithymocyte globulin for the treatment of checkpoint inhibitor mediated myocarditis","volume":"47","author":"Ange","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"issue":"10 supp 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2017.08.142","article-title":"Nivolumab-induced autoimmune myocarditis: a case report","volume":"23","author":"Sakai","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Card Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30616-2","article-title":"First-line pembrolizumab in cisplatin-ineligible patients with locally advanced and unresectable or metastatic urothelial cancer (KEYNOTE-052): a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 study","volume":"18","author":"Balar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9507","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.9507","article-title":"Effcacy and safety of nivolumab (NIVO) plus ipilimumab (IPI) in patients with melanoma (MEL) metastatic to the brain: results of the phase II study CheckMate 204 [abstract]","volume":"35","author":"Tawbi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8521","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.8521","article-title":"A\u00a0phase II study of pembrolizumab for patients with previously treated advanced thymic epithelial tumor [abstract]","volume":"35","author":"Cho","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4504","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.4504","article-title":"First-line avelumab\u00a0+ axitinib therapy in patients (pts) with advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC): results from a phase Ib trial [abstract]","volume":"35","author":"Choueiri","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30231-0","article-title":"Ipilimumab 10 mg\/kg versus ipilimumab 3 mg\/kg in patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma: a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, phase 3 trial","volume":"18","author":"Ascierto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx213","article-title":"Immune checkpoint-associated cardiotoxicity: case report with systematic review of literature","volume":"28","author":"Chauhan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1159\/000479958","article-title":"Nivolumab-induced myocarditis concomitant with myasthenia gravis","volume":"10","author":"Fukasawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Case Rep Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.e14605","article-title":"Evaluation of tolerability and reactions of immune checkpoint inhibitors [abstract] [e-pub ahead of print]","author":"Sever","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib63","first-page":"101","article-title":"Possible adverse effects of immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer; treatment and follow-up of three cases","volume":"22","author":"Zarogoulidis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respir Med Case Rep"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3052","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.3052","article-title":"Durvalumab and tremelimumab in metastatic breast cancer (MBC): immunotherapy and immunopharmacogenomic dynamics [abstract]","volume":"35","author":"Santa-Maria","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9509","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.9509","article-title":"Primary results from a randomized (1:1), open-label phase II study of talimogene laherparepvec (T) and ipilimumab (I) vs I alone in unresected stage IIIB- IV melanoma [abstract]","volume":"35","author":"Chesney","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9522","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.9522","article-title":"Overall survival (OS) analysis from an expanded access program (EAP) of nivolumab (NIVO) in combination with ipilimumab (IPI) in patients with advanced melanoma (MEL) [abstract]","volume":"35","author":"Hogg","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8573","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.8573","article-title":"Pembrolizumab in patients with recurrent thymic carcinoma: results of a phase II study [abstract]","volume":"35","author":"Giaccone","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"11 suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2364","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(17)35753-4","article-title":"An unsuspected case of myocarditis associated with nivolumab use [abstract]","volume":"69","author":"Alzayer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(17)35736-4","article-title":"Successful treatment of checkpoint inhibitor induced myocarditis and cardiomyopathy with steroids, beta-blockers and ace inhibitors [abstract]","volume":"69","author":"Damrongwatanasuk","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e144","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13797","article-title":"Hypopituitarism and hypothyroidism following atrioventricular block during nivolumab treatment [abstract]","volume":"44","author":"Oda","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.806","article-title":"Immune-related fulminant myocarditis in a patient receiving ipilimumab therapy for relapsed chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia","volume":"19","author":"Berg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib72","first-page":"18","article-title":"A\u00a0new phenotype of immune related cardiac adverse events induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors [abstract]","volume":"19","author":"Yuki Fujii","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib73","first-page":"17","article-title":"Autoimmune acute myocarditis induced by pembrolizumab [abstract]","volume":"19","author":"Anaya-Quesada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib74","first-page":"16","article-title":"Acute myocarditis and myositis after immune checkpoint inhibition [abstract]","volume":"19","author":"Witham","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib75","first-page":"40","article-title":"Recognition of autoimmune adverse effects of PD-1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors on 18FDG PET-CT imaging in metastatic melanoma patients [abstract]","volume":"47","author":"Kisiel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib76","first-page":"82A","article-title":"Characterizing the histopathology of immune checkpoint inhibitor blockade induced myocarditis [abstract]","volume":"97","author":"Glass","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335.e13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2017.05.026","article-title":"Progressive and reversible conduction disease with checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"33","author":"Reddy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1097\/CMR.0000000000000314","article-title":"New-onset third-degree atrioventricular block because of autoimmune-induced myositis under treatment with anti-programmed cell death-1 (nivolumab) for metastatic melanoma","volume":"27","author":"Behling","year":"2017","journal-title":"Melanoma Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.13633","article-title":"Fatal myocarditis following treatment with the PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab","volume":"63","author":"Matson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Forensic Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s00292-017-0349-y","article-title":"Lymphocytic myocarditis in a patient with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab","volume":"38","author":"Sauer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pathologe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2513","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.4.2513","article-title":"Programmed death ligand 1 regulates a critical checkpoint for autoimmune myocarditis and pneumonitis in MRL mice","volume":"181","author":"Lucas","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1126\/science.291.5502.319","article-title":"Autoimmune dilated cardiomyopathy in PD-1 receptor-deficient mice","volume":"291","author":"Nishimura","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxq026","article-title":"PD-1 deficiency results in the development of fatal myocarditis in MRL mice","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4876","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1200389","article-title":"PD-1 protects against inflammation and myocyte damage in T cell-mediated myocarditis","volume":"188","author":"Tarrio","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0124059","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124059","article-title":"Upregulation of programmed death-1 and its ligand in cardiac injury models: interaction with GADD153","volume":"10","author":"Baban","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1038\/nm955","article-title":"Autoantibodies against cardiac troponin I are responsible for dilated cardiomyopathy in PD-1-deficient mice","volume":"9","author":"Okazaki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000145015.23656.e4","article-title":"Blockade of the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 accelerates graft arterial disease in cardiac allografts","volume":"24","author":"Koga","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib88","first-page":"21","article-title":"Overexpression of program death-1 in T cells has mild impact on allograft survival","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5204","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.8.5204","article-title":"PDL1 is required for peripheral transplantation tolerance and protection from chronic allograft rejection","volume":"179","author":"Tanaka","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6546","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.11.6546","article-title":"Programmed death-1 targeting can promote allograft survival","volume":"169","author":"Ozkaynak","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2007.03.012","article-title":"Roles of programmed death-1 (PD-1)\/PD-1 ligands pathway in the development of murine acute myocarditis caused by coxsackievirus B3","volume":"75","author":"Seko","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.709360","article-title":"Endothelial programmed death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) regulates CD8+ T-cell mediated injury in the heart","volume":"116","author":"Grabie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8910","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.13315","article-title":"Toxicity profile of approved anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies in solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"8","author":"Costa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib94","article-title":"Corticosteroids for viral myocarditis","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030571","article-title":"Clinical features, management, and outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related cardiotoxicity","volume":"136","author":"Escudier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0828282X18302460?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0828282X18302460?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T01:22:14Z","timestamp":1751505734000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0828282X18302460"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0828282X18302460"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0828-282X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0828-282X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cardiac Complications Associated With Checkpoint Inhibition: A Systematic Review of the Literature in an Important Emerging Area","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Canadian Journal of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Canadian Cardiovascular Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}