{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T11:23:26Z","timestamp":1789903406016,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinecjc.ca","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Canadian Journal of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,8]],"date-time":"2018-08-08T12:13:18Z","timestamp":1533730398000},"page":"1396-1406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Age as a Critical Determinant of Atrial Fibrillation: A Two-sided Relationship"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7326-2656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikael","family":"Laredo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Waldmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4059-3800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Khairy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5565-3311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanley","family":"Nattel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.10.946","article-title":"Impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of death: the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"98","author":"Benjamin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.22.8.983","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study","volume":"22","author":"Wolf","year":"1991","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2006.00124.x","article-title":"Assessing the direct costs of treating nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in the United States","volume":"9","author":"Coyne","year":"2006","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.303211","article-title":"The clinical profile and pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation: relationships among clinical features, epidemiology, and mechanisms","volume":"114","author":"Andrade","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.302226","article-title":"Cellular and molecular electrophysiology of atrial fibrillation initiation, maintenance, and progression","volume":"114","author":"Heijman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.02.555","article-title":"Atrial remodeling and atrial fibrillation: recent advances and translational perspectives","volume":"63","author":"Nattel","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.303466","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation compendium: historical context and detailed translational perspective on an important clinical problem","volume":"114","author":"Nishida","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvv275","article-title":"The value of basic research insights into atrial fibrillation mechanisms as a guide to therapeutic innovation: a critical analysis","volume":"109","author":"Heijman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1995.00430050045005","article-title":"Prevalence, age distribution, and gender of patients with atrial fibrillation. Analysis and implications","volume":"155","author":"Feinberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi651","article-title":"The epidemiological burden of atrial fibrillation: a challenge for clinicians and health care systems","volume":"27","author":"Boriani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1076-7460.2005.02278.x","article-title":"The epidemiology of atrial fibrillation in elderly persons: the tip of the iceberg","volume":"14","author":"Go","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.06.034","article-title":"Increasing prevalence of atrial fibrillation and permanent atrial arrhythmias in congenital heart disease","volume":"70","author":"Labombarda","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029590","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation burden in young patients with congenital heart disease","volume":"137","author":"Mandalenakis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000140263.20897.42","article-title":"Lifetime risk for development of atrial fibrillation: the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"110","author":"Lloyd-Jones","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2370","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.18.2370","article-title":"Prevalence of diagnosed atrial fibrillation in adults: national implications for rhythm management and stroke prevention: the AnTicoagulation and Risk Factors In Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) Study","volume":"285","author":"Go","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.595140","article-title":"Secular trends in incidence of atrial fibrillation in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1980 to 2000, and implications on the projections for future prevalence","volume":"114","author":"Miyasaka","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2920","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000072767.89944.6E","article-title":"Temporal relations of atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure and their joint influence on mortality: the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"107","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.111.962688","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of atrial fibrillation and associated mortality among Medicare beneficiaries, 1993-2007","volume":"5","author":"Piccini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eur132","article-title":"Trends in the incidence and prevalence of atrial fibrillation in Iceland and future projections","volume":"13","author":"Stefansdottir","year":"2011","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.15-1095","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcomes in extreme elderly (age \u2265 85 years) Japanese patients with atrial fibrillation: the Fushimi AF Registry","volume":"149","author":"Yamashita","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi825","article-title":"Prevalence, incidence and lifetime risk of atrial fibrillation: the Rotterdam study","volume":"27","author":"Heeringa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.2217\/fca.14.32","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation in the elderly: a review","volume":"10","author":"Hakim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Future Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.06.1314","article-title":"Incidence of atrial fibrillation and relationship with cardiovascular events, heart failure, and mortality: a community-based study from the Netherlands","volume":"66","author":"Vermond","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib24","unstructured":"De With RR, Marcos EG, Van Gelder IC, Rienstra M. Atrial fibrillation progression and outcome in patients with young-onset atrial fibrillation. Europace https:\/\/doi.org\/10.293\/europace.euy028, accessed October 14, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu113","article-title":"The young patient with asymptomatic atrial fibrillation: what is the evidence to leave the arrhythmia untreated?","volume":"35","author":"Wasmer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-0340","article-title":"A\u00a012-year follow-up study of patients with newly diagnosed lone atrial fibrillation: implications of arrhythmia progression on prognosis: the Belgrade Atrial Fibrillation study","volume":"141","author":"Potpara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu028","article-title":"Early management of atrial fibrillation to prevent cardiovascular complications","volume":"35","author":"Nattel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2015.02.019","article-title":"Age-related differences in presentation, treatment, and outcome of patients with atrial fibrillation in Europe: the EORP-AF General Pilot Registry (EURObservational Research Programme-Atrial Fibrillation)","volume":"1","author":"Fumagalli","year":"2015","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.023163","article-title":"Modifiable risk factors and atrial fibrillation","volume":"136","author":"Lau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1038\/jhh.2011.105","article-title":"Hypertension and atrial fibrillation: epidemiology, pathophysiology and therapeutic implications","volume":"26","author":"Lau","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvv045","article-title":"Early subcellular Ca2+ remodelling and increased propensity for Ca2+ alternans in left atrial myocytes from hypertensive rats","volume":"106","author":"Pluteanu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072416","article-title":"Atrial arrhythmia in ageing spontaneously hypertensive rats: unraveling the substrate in hypertension and ageing","volume":"8","author":"Lau","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.111.964783","article-title":"Atrial remodeling and the substrate for atrial fibrillation in rat hearts with elevated afterload","volume":"4","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2010.05.010","article-title":"Hypertension and atrial fibrillation: evidence of progressive atrial remodeling with electrostructural correlate in a conscious chronically instrumented ovine model","volume":"7","author":"Lau","year":"2010","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1291\/hypres.29.277","article-title":"Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker prevents atrial structural remodeling in rats with hypertension induced by chronic nitric oxide inhibition","volume":"29","author":"Okazaki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3045","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl360","article-title":"Atrial electrical and structural abnormalities in an ovine model of chronic blood pressure elevation after prenatal corticosteroid exposure: implications for development of atrial fibrillation","volume":"27","author":"Kistler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018614","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation begets heart failure and vice versa: temporal associations and differences in preserved vs. reduced ejection fraction","volume":"133","author":"Santhanakrishnan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(02)01236-6","article-title":"A\u00a0population-based study of the long-term risks associated with atrial fibrillation: 20-year follow-up of the Renfrew\/Paisley study","volume":"113","author":"Stewart","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.77.4.309","article-title":"Heart failure and atrial fibrillation: current concepts and controversies","volume":"77","author":"Van den Berg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0510113103","article-title":"Ryanodine receptor\/calcium release channel PKA phosphorylation: a critical mediator of heart failure progression","volume":"103","author":"Wehrens","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8803","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9803","article-title":"Late Na+ current and protracted electrical recovery are critical determinants of the aging myopathy","volume":"6","author":"Signore","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.1.87","article-title":"Promotion of atrial fibrillation by heart failure in dogs: atrial remodeling of a different sort","volume":"100","author":"Li","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2011.02126.x","article-title":"Heart failure enhanced pulmonary vein arrhythmogenesis and dysregulated sodium and calcium homeostasis with increased calcium sparks","volume":"22","author":"Chang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.110.960807","article-title":"TGF-\u03b21-mediated fibrosis and ion channel remodeling are key mechanisms in producing the sinus node dysfunction associated with SCN5A deficiency and aging","volume":"4","author":"Hao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.06.033","article-title":"Atrial cardiomyopathy: a useful notion in cardiac disease management or a passing fad?","volume":"70","author":"Guichard","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.09.064","article-title":"Atrial fibrosis: mechanisms and clinical relevance in atrial fibrillation","volume":"51","author":"Burstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-1769","article-title":"Aging dilates atrium and pulmonary veins: implications for the genesis of atrial fibrillation","volume":"133","author":"Pan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht194","article-title":"Human atrial fibrillation substrate: towards a specific fibrotic atrial cardiomyopathy","volume":"34","author":"Kottkamp","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3","article-title":"Association of atrial tissue fibrosis identified by delayed enhancement MRI and atrial fibrillation catheter ablation: the DECAAF study","volume":"311","author":"Marrouche","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvw073","article-title":"Patient-derived models link re-entrant driver localization in atrial fibrillation to fibrosis spatial pattern","volume":"110","author":"Zahid","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eux082","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of low voltage zones in the left atrium in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"20","author":"Huo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(02)00271-7","article-title":"Cellular electrophysiologic properties of old canine atria provide a substrate for arrhythmogenesis","volume":"54","author":"Anyukhovsky","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2002.00801.x","article-title":"Aging-related increase to inducible atrial fibrillation in the rat model","volume":"13","author":"Hayashi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.4.1180","article-title":"Histological substrate of atrial biopsies in patients with lone atrial fibrillation","volume":"96","author":"Frustaci","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(02)00251-1","article-title":"Determinants and consequences of atrial fibrosis in patients undergoing open heart surgery","volume":"54","author":"Goette","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2009.06.018","article-title":"Left versus right atrial difference in dominant frequency, K(+) channel transcripts, and fibrosis in patients developing atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery","volume":"6","author":"Swartz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44336","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44336","article-title":"Atrial structure, function and arrhythmogenesis in aged and frail mice","volume":"7","author":"Jansen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.58.3.356","article-title":"Relating extracellular potentials and their derivatives to anisotropic propagation at a microscopic level in human cardiac muscle. Evidence for electrical uncoupling of side-to-side fiber connections with increasing age","volume":"58","author":"Spach","year":"1986","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1968","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000037062.35762.B4","article-title":"Alternans of atrial action potentials during atrial flutter as a precursor to atrial fibrillation","volume":"106","author":"Narayan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.10.023","article-title":"Mechanism of origin of conduction disturbances in aging human atrial bundles: experimental and model study","volume":"4","author":"Spach","year":"2007","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2005.07.018","article-title":"Myocyte changes and their left atrial distribution in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation related to mitral valve disease","volume":"36","author":"Corradi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euy095","article-title":"Preferential regional distribution of atrial fibrosis in posterior wall around left inferior pulmonary vein as identified by late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with atrial fibrillation","author":"Benito","year":"2018","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6107(03)00009-9","article-title":"Cardiac fibroblasts and the mechano-electric feedback mechanism in healthy and diseased hearts","volume":"82","author":"Kamkin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prog Biophys Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvq329","article-title":"Molecular determinants of cardiac fibroblast electrical function and therapeutic implications for atrial fibrillation","volume":"89","author":"Yue","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvy003","article-title":"Electrical coupling between cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts: experimental testing of a challenging and important concept","volume":"114","author":"Nattel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12849","article-title":"The impact of age on 5-year outcomes after atrial fibrillation catheter ablation","volume":"27","author":"Bunch","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000034511.06350.DF","article-title":"Atrial amyloidosis: an arrhythmogenic substrate for persistent atrial fibrillation","volume":"106","author":"R\u00f6cken","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20110115","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of cardiomyocyte aging","volume":"121","author":"Sheydina","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e006458","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.006458","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress is associated with autophagy and cardiomyocyte remodeling in experimental and human atrial fibrillation","volume":"6","author":"Wiersma","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144309","article-title":"Cellular hypertrophy and increased susceptibility to spontaneous calcium-release of rat left atrial myocytes due to elevated afterload","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000015506.36371.0D","article-title":"Anisotropic conduction properties in canine atria analyzed by high-resolution optical mapping: preferential direction of conduction block changes from longitudinal to transverse with increasing age","volume":"105","author":"Koura","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvs366","article-title":"c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation contributes to reduced connexin43 and development of atrial arrhythmias","volume":"97","author":"Yan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2005.00293.x","article-title":"Age-related changes in human left and right atrial conduction","volume":"17","author":"Kojodjojo","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2009.02.023","article-title":"Fractionated atrial electrograms during sinus rhythm: relationship to age, voltage, and conduction velocity","volume":"6","author":"Roberts-Thomson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.03.081","article-title":"Inverse relationship between fractionated electrograms and atrial fibrosis in persistent atrial fibrillation: combined magnetic resonance imaging and high-density mapping","volume":"62","author":"Jadidi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.12.054","article-title":"A\u00a0new approach for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: mapping of the electrophysiologic substrate","volume":"43","author":"Nademanee","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/14.1.58","article-title":"Age-related changes in the transmembrane potential of isolated rabbit sino-atrial nodes and atria","volume":"14","author":"Toda","year":"1980","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1139\/y95-199","article-title":"Age-related changes in electrophysiological responses to muscarinic receptor stimulation in rat myocardium","volume":"73","author":"Su","year":"1995","journal-title":"Can J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.70.352","article-title":"Differences in the aging-associated trends of the monophasic action potential duration and effective refractory period of the right and left atria of the rat","volume":"70","author":"Huang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2004.10.033","article-title":"Age-associated changes in electrophysiologic remodeling: a potential contributor to initiation of atrial fibrillation","volume":"66","author":"Anyukhovsky","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2007.00781.x","article-title":"Effects of aging and ouabain on left atrial arrhythmogenicity","volume":"18","author":"Wongcharoen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.20.2202","article-title":"Importance of refractoriness heterogeneity in the enhanced vulnerability to atrial fibrillation induction caused by tachycardia-induced atrial electrical remodeling","volume":"98","author":"Fareh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib83","first-page":"H148","article-title":"Regional and functional factors determining induction and maintenance of atrial fibrillation in dogs","volume":"271","author":"Wang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib84","first-page":"H805","article-title":"Differing sympathetic and vagal effects on atrial fibrillation in dogs: role of refractoriness heterogeneity","volume":"273","author":"Liu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(97)00327-6","article-title":"Dispersion of repolarization in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation","volume":"63","author":"Diker","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1536\/jhj.44.385","article-title":"Age-related changes in the electrophysiologic properties of the atrium in patients with no history of atrial fibrillation","volume":"44","author":"Sakabe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Jpn Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2004.00429.x","article-title":"Influence of age on atrial fibrillation inducibility","volume":"27","author":"Brembilla-Perrot","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1976.tb06761.x","article-title":"Right atrial monophasic action potential in healthy males. Studies during spontaneous sinus rhythm and atrial pacing","volume":"199","author":"Brorson","year":"1976","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.62.4.811","article-title":"Influence of the passive anisotropic properties on directional differences in propagation following modification of the sodium conductance in human atrial muscle. A model of reentry based on anisotropic discontinuous propagation","volume":"62","author":"Spach","year":"1988","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2001.00016.x","article-title":"Effects of sex and age on electrocardiographic and cardiac electrophysiological properties in adults","volume":"24","author":"Taneja","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-008-9358-3","article-title":"Aged atria: electrical remodeling conducive to atrial fibrillation","volume":"25","author":"Dun","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Interv Card Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(03)00288-8","article-title":"Calcium and potassium currents in cells from adult and aged canine right atria","volume":"58","author":"Dun","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2955","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI46315","article-title":"Recent advances in the molecular pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation","volume":"121","author":"Wakili","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.018011","article-title":"Sinus node and atrial arrhythmias","volume":"133","author":"John","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2613","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00750.2007","article-title":"Electrophysiology and pacemaker function of the developing sinoatrial node","volume":"293","author":"Baruscotti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.663070","article-title":"Declining into failure: the age-dependent loss of the L-type calcium channel within the sinoatrial node","volume":"115","author":"Jones","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000121734.47409.AA","article-title":"Electrophysiological and electroanatomic characterization of the atria in sinus node disease: evidence of diffuse atrial remodeling","volume":"109","author":"Sanders","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eus219","article-title":"Sinus node dysfunction in atrial fibrillation patients: the evidence of regional atrial substrate remodeling","volume":"15","author":"Chang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eus223","article-title":"Sinus node dysfunction and atrial fibrillation: two sides of the same coin?","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs079","article-title":"The multidimensional role of calcium in atrial fibrillation pathophysiology: mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"33","author":"Nattel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.006641","article-title":"Cellular and molecular mechanisms of atrial arrhythmogenesis in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation","volume":"129","author":"Voigt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000141296.59876.87","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation is associated with increased spontaneous calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in human atrial myocytes","volume":"110","author":"Hove-Madsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.312536","article-title":"Stress signaling JNK2 crosstalk with CaMKII underlies enhanced atrial arrhythmogenesis","volume":"122","author":"Yan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.636845","article-title":"Molecular determinants of altered Ca2+ handling in human chronic atrial fibrillation","volume":"114","author":"El-Armouche","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H639","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00445.2006","article-title":"Spontaneous atrial fibrillation initiated by triggered activity near the pulmonary veins in aged rats subjected to glycolytic inhibition","volume":"292","author":"Ono","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2014.00030","article-title":"Calcium dysregulation in atrial fibrillation: the role of CaMKII","volume":"5","author":"Heijman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.312786","article-title":"Aging and protein kinase activation: is it the missing link between age and atrial fibrillation?","volume":"122","author":"Nattel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(97)00733-9","article-title":"Comparison of aging and hypercholesterolemic effects on the sodium inward currents in cardiac myocytes","volume":"61","author":"Wu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H756","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00063.2006","article-title":"Sodium current function in adult and aged canine atrial cells","volume":"291","author":"Baba","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00014.2006","article-title":"Arrhythmogenic ion-channel remodeling in the heart: heart failure, myocardial infarction, and atrial fibrillation","volume":"87","author":"Nattel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2007.06.023","article-title":"Aging increases pulmonary veins arrhythmogenesis and susceptibility to calcium regulation agents","volume":"4","author":"Wongcharoen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.47.549","article-title":"Longitudinal age-related changes in 24-hour total heart beats and premature beats and their relationship in healthy elderly subjects","volume":"47","author":"Tasaki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.09.208","article-title":"The impact of supraventricular ectopic complexes in different age groups and risk of recurrent atrial fibrillation after antiarrhythmic medication or catheter ablation","volume":"250","author":"Alhede","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2005.04407.x","article-title":"Morphologic remodeling of pulmonary veins and left atrium after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: insight from long-term follow-up of three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"16","author":"Tsao","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eur275","article-title":"Electroanatomic remodelling of the pulmonary veins associated with age","volume":"14","author":"Teh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.113.001322","article-title":"Association of sex hormones, aging, and atrial fibrillation in men: the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"7","author":"Magnani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.20423","article-title":"Reduced testosterone levels in males with lone atrial fibrillation","volume":"32","author":"Lai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2009.01474.x","article-title":"Deficiency of testosterone associates with the substrate of atrial fibrillation in the rat model","volume":"20","author":"Tsuneda","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2833","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-2265","article-title":"Ablation of the androgen receptor gene modulates atrial electrophysiology and arrhythmogenesis with calcium protein dysregulation","volume":"154","author":"Tsai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2017.01.046","article-title":"Increment of late sodium currents in the left atrial myocytes and its potential contribution to increased susceptibility of atrial fibrillation in castrated male mice","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euv216","article-title":"Emerging risk factors and the dose-response relationship between physical activity and lone atrial fibrillation: a prospective case-control study","volume":"18","author":"Calvo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487313476414","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation in endurance athletes","volume":"21","author":"Wilhelm","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.01.091","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation promotion by endurance exercise: demonstration and mechanistic exploration in an animal model","volume":"62","author":"Guasch","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.04.052","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical significance of left atrial remodeling in competitive athletes","volume":"46","author":"Pelliccia","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eup197","article-title":"Is the risk of atrial fibrillation higher in athletes than in the general population? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Abdulla","year":"2009","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1097\/HJR.0b013e32833226be","article-title":"High prevalence of atrial fibrillation in long-term endurance cross-country skiers: echocardiographic findings and possible predictors\u2014a 28-30 years follow-up study","volume":"17","author":"Grimsmo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.03.085","article-title":"Changing mortality in congenital heart disease","volume":"56","author":"Khairy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.866319","article-title":"Atrial arrhythmias in adults with congenital heart disease","volume":"120","author":"Bouchardy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(02)02480-3","article-title":"Prevalence of and risk factors for atrial fibrillation and intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia among patients with congenital heart disease","volume":"90","author":"Kirsh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.928481","article-title":"Arrhythmia burden in adults with surgically repaired tetralogy of Fallot: a multi-institutional study","volume":"122","author":"Khairy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2015.10.018","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation ablation without pulmonary vein isolation in a patient with Fontan palliation","volume":"8","author":"Ruckdeschel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Card Electrophysiol Clin"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0828282X18310067?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0828282X18310067?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,4]],"date-time":"2018-11-04T18:07:02Z","timestamp":1541354822000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0828282X18310067"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"references-count":131,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0828282X18310067"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0828-282X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0828-282X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Age as a Critical Determinant of Atrial Fibrillation: A Two-sided Relationship","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Canadian Journal of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.08.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Canadian Cardiovascular Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}