{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T17:33:21Z","timestamp":1778693601623,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","onlinecjc.ca","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Canadian Journal of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T19:44:34Z","timestamp":1614973474000},"page":"1016-1026","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Drugs for Prevention and Treatment of Aortic Stenosis: How Close Are We?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0927-9549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehdi","family":"Afshar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shayan","family":"Yazdan-Ashoori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James C.","family":"Engert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Thanassoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.04.052","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of cardiovascular diseases for 10 causes 1990 to 2015","volume":"70","author":"Roth","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"9540","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69208-8","article-title":"Burden of valvular heart diseases: a population-based study","volume":"368","author":"Nkomo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03086311","article-title":"Leonardo da Vinci on atherosclerosis and the function of the sinuses of Valsalva","volume":"17","author":"Boon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neth Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e146","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000485","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20142017 update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"135","author":"Benjamin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e139","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000757","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20142020 update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"141","author":"Virani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2009.0706","article-title":"Valvular heart disease: diagnosis and management","volume":"85","author":"Maganti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1159","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000503","article-title":"2017 AHA\/ACC focused update of the 2014 AHA\/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"135","author":"Nishimura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00685","article-title":"Calcific aortic valve disease-natural history and future therapeutic strategies","volume":"11","author":"Alushi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib9","series-title":"Encyclopedia of Cardiovascular Research and Medicine","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.0722","article-title":"Preventing aortic stenosis by changing the way we think about an old disease","volume":"5","author":"Thanassoulis","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199907153410302","article-title":"Association of aortic-valve sclerosis with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in the elderly","volume":"341","author":"Otto","year":"1999","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.05.015","article-title":"Aortic stenosis in the elderly: disease prevalence and number of candidates for transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a meta-analysis and modeling study","volume":"62","author":"Osnabrugge","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.01.025","article-title":"Association between cardiovascular risk factors and aortic stenosis: the CANHEART aortic stenosis study","volume":"69","author":"Yan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(93)90249-Z","article-title":"Prevalence of aortic valve abnormalities in the elderly: an echocardiographic study of a random population sample","volume":"21","author":"Lindroos","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(96)00563-3","article-title":"Clinical factors associated with calcific aortic valve disease. Cardiovascular Health Study","volume":"29","author":"Stewart","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.3903","article-title":"Association of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with risk of aortic valve stenosis in familial hypercholesterolemia","volume":"4","author":"Mundal","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000147189.85636.C3","article-title":"Evidence for a heritable component in death resulting from aortic and mitral valve diseases","volume":"110","author":"Horne","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.569467","article-title":"Familial aggregation of calcific aortic valve stenosis in the western part of France","volume":"113","author":"Probst","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000256957.10242.75","article-title":"Genome-wide linkage mapping for valve calcification susceptibility loci in hypertensive sibships: the Hypertension Genetic Epidemiology Network study","volume":"49","author":"Bella","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1109034","article-title":"Genetic associations with valvular calcification and aortic stenosis","volume":"368","author":"Thanassoulis","year":"2013","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.04.051","article-title":"Association of triglyceride-related genetic variants with mitral annular calcification","volume":"69","author":"Afshar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00584-7","article-title":"Observed and relative survival after aortic valve replacement","volume":"35","author":"Kvidal","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.90.2.844","article-title":"Characterization of the early lesion of \u201cdegenerative\u201d valvular aortic stenosis. Histological and immunohistochemical studies","volume":"90","author":"Otto","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.110.234245","article-title":"The roles of lipid oxidation products and receptor activator of nuclear factor\u2013\u03baB signaling in atherosclerotic calcification","volume":"108","author":"Demer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.900027","article-title":"Effect of lipid lowering with rosuvastatin on progression of aortic stenosis: results of the Aortic Stenosis Progression Observation: Measuring Effects of Rosuvastatin (ASTRONOMER) trial","volume":"121","author":"Chan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2389","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043876","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized trial of intensive lipid-lowering therapy in calcific aortic stenosis","volume":"352","author":"Cowell","year":"2005","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0804602","article-title":"Intensive lipid lowering with simvastatin and ezetimibe in aortic stenosis","volume":"359","author":"Rosseb\u00f8","year":"2008","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.16.4.523","article-title":"E\u00a0accumulate in the morphologically early lesion of \u201cdegenerative\u201d valvular aortic stenosis","volume":"16","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.834614","article-title":"Lowering plasma cholesterol levels halts progression of aortic valve disease in mice","volume":"119","author":"Miller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.13959","article-title":"Association of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-related genetic variants with aortic valve calcium and incident aortic stenosis","volume":"312","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.016757","article-title":"Autotaxin derived from lipoprotein(a) and valve interstitial cells promotes inflammation and mineralization of the aortic valve","volume":"132","author":"Bouchareb","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.02.004","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) associated molecules are prominent components in plasma and valve leaflets in calcific aortic valve stenosis","volume":"2","author":"Torzewski","year":"2017","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.03.015","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) induces human aortic valve interstitial cell calcification","volume":"2","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000392","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a): new insights from modern genomics","volume":"28","author":"Afshar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R051904","article-title":"Lipoprotein (a): impact by ethnicity and environmental and medical conditions","volume":"57","author":"Enkhmaa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R071233","article-title":"Lipoprotein (a) as a cause of cardiovascular disease: insights from epidemiology, genetics, and biology","volume":"57","author":"Nordestgaard","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2016.08.007","article-title":"Lipoprotein (a)","volume":"1","author":"Libby","year":"2016","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2433","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.051599","article-title":"Identification of a danger-associated peptide from apolipoprotein B100 (ApoBDS-1) that triggers innate proatherogenic responses","volume":"124","author":"Ketelhuth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R051870","article-title":"Lipoprotein (a) in calcific aortic valve disease: from genomics to novel drug target for aortic stenosis","volume":"57","author":"Thanassoulis","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.108.181040","article-title":"Macrophages generate reactive oxygen species in response to minimally oxidized low-density lipoprotein: Toll-like receptor 4\u2013 and spleen tyrosine kinase\u2013dependent activation of NADPH oxidase 2","volume":"104","author":"Bae","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(01)00610-4","article-title":"Oxidative stress modulates osteoblastic differentiation of vascular and bone cells","volume":"31","author":"Mody","year":"2001","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.156745","article-title":"Oxidant generation predominates around calcifying foci and enhances progression of aortic valve calcification","volume":"28","author":"Liberman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.020838","article-title":"Oxidized phospholipids on lipoprotein(a) elicit arterial wall inflammation and an inflammatory monocyte response in humans","volume":"134","author":"van der Valk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1063","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) concentration and the risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and nonvascular mortality","volume":"302","author":"Erqou","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2480","article-title":"Large-scale association analysis identifies new risk loci for coronary artery disease","volume":"45","author":"CARDIOGRAMplusC4D Consortium DIAGRAM Consortium CARDIOGENICS Consortium","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.026103","article-title":"A\u00a0replicated, genome-wide significant association of aortic stenosis with a genetic variant for lipoprotein(a): meta-analysis of published and novel data","volume":"135","author":"Cairns","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2017.4266","article-title":"Association of LPA variants with aortic stenosis: a large-scale study using diagnostic and procedural codes from electronic health records","volume":"3","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.09.038","article-title":"Elevated lipoprotein(a) and risk of aortic valve stenosis in the general population","volume":"63","author":"Kamstrup","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03252-6","article-title":"Genome-wide analysis yields new loci associating with aortic valve stenosis","volume":"9","author":"Helgadottir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGENETICS.113.000400","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) levels, genotype, and incident aortic valve stenosis: a prospective mendelian randomization study and replication in a case-control cohort","volume":"7","author":"Arsenault","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.07.020","article-title":"Oxidized phospholipids, lipoprotein(a), and progression of calcific aortic valve stenosis","volume":"66","author":"Capoulade","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.01.070","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) and oxidized phospholipids promote valve calcification in patients with aortic stenosis","volume":"73","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.78.4.615","article-title":"Specific accumulation of lipoprotein(a) in balloon-injured rabbit aorta in\u00a0vivo","volume":"78","author":"Nielsen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.110.234138","article-title":"Calcific aortic valve stenosis: methods, models, and mechanisms","volume":"108","author":"Miller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2010.09.010","article-title":"Atherogenic lipids and lipoproteins trigger CD36-TLR2\u2013dependent apoptosis in macrophages undergoing endoplasmic reticulum stress","volume":"12","author":"Seimon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00308315","article-title":"Colocalization of cholesterol and hydroxyapatite in human atherosclerotic lesions","volume":"52","author":"Hirsch","year":"1993","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.006339","article-title":"Valve interstitial cells: the key to understanding the pathophysiology of heart valve calcification","volume":"6","author":"Rutkovskiy","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAHA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.09.052","article-title":"Pro-osteogenic phenotype of human aortic valve interstitial cells is associated with higher levels of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and enhanced expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2","volume":"53","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.108.176347","article-title":"Altered shear stress stimulates upregulation of endothelial VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in a BMP-4\u2013 and TGF-\u03b21\u2013dependent pathway","volume":"29","author":"Sucosky","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2014.02.014","article-title":"P2Y2 receptor represses IL-6 expression by valve interstitial cells through Akt: implication for calcific aortic valve disease","volume":"72","author":"El Husseini","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650101115","article-title":"Inhibition of antigen-presenting cell function by alendronate in\u00a0vitro","volume":"10","author":"Sansoni","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2003.09.015","article-title":"Receptor activator of nuclear factor \u03baB ligand and osteoprotegerin regulate aortic valve calcification","volume":"36","author":"Kaden","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.070251","article-title":"The emerging role of valve interstitial cell phenotypes in regulating heart valve pathobiology","volume":"171","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib64","first-page":"395","article-title":"Role of osteoprotegerin and its ligands and competing receptors in atherosclerotic calcification","volume":"54","author":"Tintut","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2009.07.001","article-title":"Vascular calcification and bone disease: the calcification paradox","volume":"15","author":"Persy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.12.9.1260","article-title":"Osteoprotegerin-deficient mice develop early onset osteoporosis and arterial calcification","volume":"12","author":"Bucay","year":"1998","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2000.15.10.1974","article-title":"Rate of bone loss is associated with mortality in older women: a prospective study","volume":"15","author":"Kado","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.10.065","article-title":"Inverse association between bone mineral density and risk of aortic stenosis in men and women in EPIC-Norfolk prospective study","volume":"178","author":"Pfister","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2012.12.008","article-title":"Vitamin K\u2013dependent carboxylation of matrix Gla-protein: a crucial switch to control ectopic mineralization","volume":"19","author":"Schurgers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3926","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M106366200","article-title":"Discovery of a high molecular weight complex of calcium, phosphate, fetuin, and matrix \u03b3-carboxyglutamic acid protein in the serum of etidronate-treated rats","volume":"277","author":"Price","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000035655.45453.D2","article-title":"Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme with low-density lipoprotein in aortic valvular lesions and in human plasma","volume":"106","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.07.054","article-title":"Induction of local angiotensin II-producing systems in stenotic aortic valves","volume":"44","author":"Helske","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi706","article-title":"Possible role for mast cell\u2013derived cathepsin G in the adverse remodelling of stenotic aortic valves","volume":"27","author":"Helske","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2011.01.018","article-title":"(Pro)renin receptors and angiotensin converting enzyme 2\/angiotensin-(1-7)\/Mas receptor axis in human aortic valve stenosis","volume":"216","author":"Peltonen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2009.10.022","article-title":"Role of FADS1 and FADS2 polymorphisms in polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism","volume":"59","author":"Glaser","year":"2010","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1303","article-title":"Relationship of plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids to circulating inflammatory markers","volume":"91","author":"Ferrucci","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2010.01.023","article-title":"Unsaturated fatty acids are inversely associated and n-6\/n-3 ratios are positively related to inflammation and coagulation markers in plasma of apparently healthy adults","volume":"411","author":"Kalogeropoulos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2007.11.008","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids and coronary heart disease risk: clinical and mechanistic perspectives","volume":"197","author":"Harris","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2008.03.003","article-title":"Fatty acid composition of adipose tissue and blood in humans and its use as a biomarker of dietary intake","volume":"47","author":"Hodson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000338","article-title":"Genome-wide association study of plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids in the InCHIANTI study","volume":"5","author":"Tanaka","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGENETICS.113.000208","article-title":"Genome-wide association study of plasma n6 polyunsaturated fatty acids within the cohorts for heart and aging research in genomic epidemiology consortium","volume":"7","author":"Guan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.0246","article-title":"Association of FADS1\/2 locus variants and polyunsaturated fatty acids with aortic stenosis","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065810","article-title":"Modified lipoprotein-derived lipid particles accumulate in human stenotic aortic valves","volume":"8","author":"Lehti","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib84","first-page":"782","article-title":"Release of leukotriene B4, transforming growth factor-\u03b21 and microparticles in relation to aortic valve calcification","volume":"22","author":"Kochtebane","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib85","first-page":"483","article-title":"Statins: a new insight into their mechanisms of action and consequent pleiotropic effects","volume":"59","author":"Jasi\u0144ska","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib86","first-page":"800","article-title":"Lipid lowering on progression of mild to moderate aortic stenosis: meta-analysis of the randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials on 2344 patients","volume":"27","author":"Teo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.04.060","article-title":"Prognosis and risk factors in patients with asymptomatic aortic stenosis and their modulation by atorvastatin (20 mg)","volume":"102","author":"Dichtl","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.051052","article-title":"Assessment of valvular calcification and inflammation by positron emission tomography in patients with aortic stenosis","volume":"125","author":"Dweck","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.12.046","article-title":"Imaging of the aortic valve using fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography increased valvular fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in aortic stenosis","volume":"57","author":"Marincheva-Savcheva","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.01.036","article-title":"Impact of statins on serial coronary calcification during atheroma progression and regression","volume":"65","author":"Puri","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2957","article-title":"Effects of proprotein convertase subtilisin\/kexin type 9 antibodies in adults with hypercholesterolemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"163","author":"Navarese","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.037184","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a), PCSK9 inhibition, and cardiovascular risk: insights from the FOURIER trial","volume":"139","author":"O\u2019Donoghue","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.10.057","article-title":"Effect of alirocumab on lipoprotein(a) and cardiovascular risk after acute coronary syndrome","volume":"75","author":"Bittner","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"10002","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)61252-1","article-title":"Antisense therapy targeting apolipoprotein(a): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1 study","volume":"386","author":"Tsimikas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2421","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.116.308271","article-title":"Estimating the population impact of Lp(a) lowering on the incidence of myocardial infarction and aortic stenosis\u2014brief report","volume":"36","author":"Afshar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.18773\/austprescr.2016.060","article-title":"PCSK9 inhibitors\u2014mechanisms of action","volume":"39","author":"Page","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aust Prescr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.0728","article-title":"An exploratory analysis of proprotein convertase subtilisin\/kexin type 9 inhibition and aortic stenosis in the FOURIER trial","volume":"5","author":"Bergmark","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4245","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa649","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) lowering by alirocumab reduces the total burden of cardiovascular events independent of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering: ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial","volume":"41","author":"Szarek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.148","article-title":"Antisense oligonucleotides: the next frontier for treatment of neurological disorders","volume":"14","author":"Rinaldi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.05.070","article-title":"Targeting RNA with antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNA in dyslipidemias","volume":"76","author":"Katzmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.03.004","article-title":"RNA-targeted therapeutics","volume":"27","author":"Crooke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3978","article-title":"Knocking down disease: a progress report on siRNA therapeutics","volume":"16","author":"Wittrup","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"issue":"10057","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31009-1","article-title":"Antisense oligonucleotides targeting apolipoprotein(a) in people with raised lipoprotein(a): two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trials","volume":"388","author":"Viney","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1905239","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) reduction in persons with cardiovascular disease","volume":"382","author":"Tsimikas","year":"2020","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.42.4.562","article-title":"The effect of agents interfering with soft tissue calcification and cell proliferation on calcific fibrous-fatty plaques in rabbits","volume":"42","author":"Kramsch","year":"1978","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(75)90021-0","article-title":"The effect of disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) on a rabbit model of athero-arteriosclerosis","volume":"22","author":"Rosenblum","year":"1975","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.21.5.817","article-title":"Bisphosphonates alendronate and ibandronate inhibit artery calcification at doses comparable to those that inhibit bone resorption","volume":"21","author":"Price","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1007\/s12265-018-9802-4","article-title":"Inhibition of aortic valve calcification by local delivery of zoledronic acid\u2014an experimental study","volume":"11","author":"Synetos","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Trans Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7254.2007.00607.x","article-title":"Alendronate inhibits cell invasion and MMP-2 secretion in human chondrosarcoma cell line","volume":"28","author":"Lai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200422087","article-title":"An amino-bisphosphonate targets MMP-9-expressing macrophages and angiogenesis to impair cervical carcinogenesis","volume":"114","author":"Giraudo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.05.050","article-title":"Bisphosphonate use and prevalence of valvular and vascular calcification in women MESA (the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis)","volume":"56","author":"Elmariah","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8175.2010.01256.x","article-title":"Effect of bisphosphonates on the progression of degenerative aortic stenosis","volume":"28","author":"Innasimuthu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.02.051","article-title":"Osteoporosis treatment and progression of aortic stenosis","volume":"104","author":"Skolnick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1159\/000321418","article-title":"Bisphosphonates in calcific aortic stenosis: association with slower progression in mild disease\u2014a pilot retrospective study","volume":"117","author":"Sterbakova","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.01.024","article-title":"Do bisphosphonates slow the progression of aortic stenosis?","volume":"59","author":"Aksoy","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.04.048","article-title":"Osteoporosis is a major confounder in observational studies investigating bisphosphonate therapy in aortic stenosis","volume":"60","author":"Dweck","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.080957","article-title":"Inhibition of receptor activator of NF-\u03baB ligand by denosumab attenuates vascular calcium deposition in mice","volume":"175","author":"Helas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.027011","article-title":"Slower progress of aortic valve calcification with vitamin K supplementation: results from a prospective interventional proof-of-concept study","volume":"135","author":"Brandenburg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.03.019","article-title":"Associations of long-term and early adult atherosclerosis risk factors with aortic and mitral valve calcium","volume":"55","author":"Thanassoulis","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jew013","article-title":"Systolic hypertension and progression of aortic valve calcification in patients with aortic stenosis: results from the PROGRESSA study","volume":"18","author":"Tastet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.04.079","article-title":"Usefulness of the valvuloarterial impedance to predict adverse outcome in asymptomatic aortic stenosis","volume":"54","author":"Hachicha","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib122","first-page":"459","article-title":"The effects of enalapril on p53 expression in left ventricular cardiomyocytes after aortic stenosis","volume":"20","author":"Ziori","year":"2006","journal-title":"In\u00a0Vivo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-199816090-00016","article-title":"Regulation of extracellular matrix proteins in pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy: effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition","volume":"16","author":"Grimm","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.04.028","article-title":"Effect of candesartan treatment on left ventricular remodeling after aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis","volume":"106","author":"Dahl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2010.01084.x","article-title":"Ramipril retards development of aortic valve stenosis in a rabbit model: mechanistic considerations: ramipril retards development of aortic valve stenosis","volume":"162","author":"Ngo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2003.10.017","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in symptomatic severe aortic stenosis: Symptomatic Cardiac Obstruction\u2014Pilot Study of Enalapril in Aortic Stenosis (SCOPE-AS)","volume":"147","author":"Chockalingam","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2013.11.002","article-title":"Short-term hemodynamic effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in patients with severe aortic stenosis","volume":"167","author":"Dalsgaard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12169","article-title":"Impact of hypertension and renin-angiotensin system inhibitors in aortic stenosis","volume":"43","author":"Capoulade","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2011.02522.x","article-title":"Angiotensin receptor blockers are associated with a lower remodelling score of stenotic aortic valves: angiotensin receptor blockers and aortic stenosis","volume":"41","author":"C\u00f4t\u00e9","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.119.313286","article-title":"Emerging mechanisms of cardiovascular protection for the omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid","volume":"40","author":"Mason","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3925","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa652","article-title":"Effect of icosapent ethyl on progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with elevated triglycerides on statin therapy: final results of the EVAPORATE trial","volume":"41","author":"Budoff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1812792","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk reduction with icosapent ethyl for hypertriglyceridemia","volume":"380","author":"Bhatt","year":"2019","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.07.035","article-title":"Biologic plausibility, cellular effects, and molecular mechanisms of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in atherosclerosis","volume":"242","author":"Borow","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0828282X21001264?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0828282X21001264?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:47:18Z","timestamp":1760107638000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0828282X21001264"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"references-count":133,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0828282X21001264"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["0828-282X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0828-282X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Drugs for Prevention and Treatment of Aortic Stenosis: How Close Are We?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Canadian Journal of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Canadian Cardiovascular Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}