{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T20:30:19Z","timestamp":1789763419749,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009192","name":"Alberta Innovates","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009192","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000222","name":"Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000222","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","onlinecjc.ca","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Canadian Journal of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T12:35:32Z","timestamp":1635770132000},"page":"1331-1341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Cardiac Complications of Common Drugs of Abuse: Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Management"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Luke R.","family":"Gagnon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandu","family":"Sadasivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Perera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9154-9028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gavin Y.","family":"Oudit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010","article-title":"Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990-2019: update from the GBD 2019 study","volume":"76","author":"Roth","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30337-7","article-title":"The global burden of disease attributable to alcohol and drug use in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2016","volume":"5","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2018.02.015","article-title":"Addressing adolescents\u2019 and young adults\u2019 substance use disorders","volume":"102","author":"Chadi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib6","first-page":"766","article-title":"Life course implications of pediatric risk factors for cardiovascular disease","volume":"37","author":"Falkner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.112.007054","article-title":"Psychostimulants and cognition: a continuum of behavioral and cognitive activation","volume":"66","author":"Wood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2373","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.8b00123","article-title":"DARK classics in chemical neuroscience: methamphetamine","volume":"9","author":"Abbruscato","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2358","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.8b00117","article-title":"DARK classics in chemical neuroscience: cocaine","volume":"9","author":"Drake","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib10","first-page":"e9333","article-title":"Anabolic steroids and cardiovascular outcomes: the controversy","volume":"12","author":"Perry","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2017.19.3\/glafaye","article-title":"Cannabis, cannabinoids, and health","volume":"19","author":"Lafaye","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6340","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612822666160813214023","article-title":"Cannabis epidemiology: a selective review","volume":"22","author":"Anthony","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2016.03.001","article-title":"Cardiovascular toxicity of nicotine: implications for electronic cigarette use","volume":"26","author":"Benowitz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib14","first-page":"690","article-title":"Vaping instead of cigarette smoking: a panacea or just another form of cardiovascular risk?","volume":"37","author":"Nayeri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2019.03.015","article-title":"Relation between cigarette smoking and heart failure (from the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis)","volume":"123","author":"Watson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2012.05.013","article-title":"Cigarette smoking exposure and heart failure risk in older adults: the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study","volume":"164","author":"Gopal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20420","article-title":"Prevalence, incidence and mortality from cardiovascular disease in patients with pooled and specific severe mental illness: a large-scale meta-analysis of 3,211,768 patients and 113,383,368 controls","volume":"16","author":"Correll","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib18","first-page":"1394","article-title":"Links between child and adolescent psychiatric disorders and cardiovascular risk","volume":"36","author":"Goldstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881113482532","article-title":"Amphetamine, past and present--a pharmacological and clinical perspective","volume":"27","author":"Heal","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.47.120505.105140","article-title":"New insights into the mechanism of action of amphetamines","volume":"47","author":"Fleckenstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v21n01_03","article-title":"Patterns of methamphetamine abuse and their consequences","volume":"21","author":"Cho","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Addict Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2008.12.001","article-title":"Cocaine: history, social implications, and toxicity: a review","volume":"26","author":"Goldstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199607113350211","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of cocaine addiction","volume":"335","author":"Leshner","year":"1996","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.08.003","article-title":"Methamphetamine: an update on epidemiology, pharmacology, clinical phenomenology, and treatment literature","volume":"143","author":"Courtney","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1441.031","article-title":"Abuse of amphetamines and structural abnormalities in the brain","volume":"1141","author":"Berman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.22195","article-title":"Methamphetamine-associated cardiomyopathy","volume":"36","author":"Won","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20030584","article-title":"Acute and chronic effects of cocaine on cardiovascular health","volume":"20","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2015.10.019","article-title":"The cardiac complications of methamphetamines","volume":"25","author":"Paratz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000063258.68159.71","article-title":"Cocaine and the critical care challenge","volume":"31","author":"Shanti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s12012-008-9025-z","article-title":"Molecular analysis of cocaine-induced endothelial dysfunction: role of endothelin-1 and nitric oxide","volume":"8","author":"Pradhan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1080\/10739680590925484","article-title":"Interactions of platelets with subendothelium and endothelium","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microcirculation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2018.08.002","article-title":"Vasospastic angina: a literature review of current evidence","volume":"112","author":"Picard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1097\/CRD.0000000000000050","article-title":"Current strategies in the evaluation and management of cocaine-induced chest pain","volume":"23","author":"Agrawal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.152.5.641","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow in chronic cocaine users: a study with positron emission tomography","volume":"152","author":"Volkow","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1080\/10915810490471361","article-title":"Cocaine induces apoptosis in primary cultured rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells: possible relationship to aortic dissection, atherosclerosis, and hypertension","volume":"23","author":"Su","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2558","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.940569","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of cocaine","volume":"122","author":"Schwartz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1086\/522176","article-title":"Nationwide increase in the number of hospitalizations for illicit injection drug use-related infective endocarditis","volume":"45","author":"Cooper","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2018.06.074","article-title":"Infectious endocarditis: an update for emergency clinicians","volume":"36","author":"Long","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2013.05.032","article-title":"Atherosclerotic plaque burden in cocaine users with acute chest pain: analysis by coronary computed tomography angiography","volume":"229","author":"Ebersberger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(02)00336-X","article-title":"Acute stress induces cardiac mast cell activation and histamine release, effects that are increased in apolipoprotein E knockout mice","volume":"55","author":"Huang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.1998.4683","article-title":"Cocaine enhances brain endothelial adhesion molecules and leukocyte migration","volume":"91","author":"Gan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s10140-008-0762-x","article-title":"Cardiovascular complications of cocaine: imaging findings","volume":"16","author":"Restrepo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib43","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and management of methamphetamine-associated cardiomyopathy: State-of-the-Art Review","volume":"9","author":"Reddy","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s12012-016-9385-8","article-title":"Exposure to amphetamines leads to development of amphetamine type stimulants associated cardiomyopathy (ATSAC)","volume":"17","author":"Jafari Giv","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2016.1142090","article-title":"Treatment of cocaine cardiovascular toxicity: a systematic review","volume":"54","author":"Richards","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol (Phila)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.01.014","volume":"61","author":"Anderson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.10.022","article-title":"Usefulness of intravenous lipid emulsion for cardiac toxicity from cocaine overdose","volume":"111","author":"Arora","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2019.1681970","article-title":"Pharmacotherapeutic strategies for methamphetamine use disorder: mind the subgroups","volume":"20","author":"Soares","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31310-2","article-title":"Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2016","volume":"392","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14234","article-title":"Global statistics on alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use: 2017 status report","volume":"113","author":"Peacock","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"h384","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h384","article-title":"All cause mortality and the case for age specific alcohol consumption guidelines: pooled analyses of up to 10 population based cohorts","volume":"350","author":"Knott","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1007\/s00059-016-4469-6","article-title":"Alcoholic cardiomyopathy: the result of dosage and individual predisposition","volume":"41","author":"Maisch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Herz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12208","article-title":"Binge drinking-induced subtle myocardial injury","volume":"37","author":"Waszkiewicz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-6260-6_1","article-title":"Role of alcohol oxidative metabolism in its cardiovascular and autonomic effects","volume":"1193","author":"El-Mas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.07.050","article-title":"Association between alcohol intake and cardiac remodeling","volume":"72","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1177\/1753944708095137","article-title":"Mechanisms of alcoholic heart disease","volume":"2","author":"Ren","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(78)90296-X","article-title":"Arrhythmias and the \u201cHoliday Heart\u201d: alcohol-associated cardiac rhythm disorders","volume":"95","author":"Ettinger","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.08.074","article-title":"Alcohol and atrial fibrillation: a sobering review","volume":"68","author":"Voskoboinik","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.08.641","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and risk of atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis","volume":"57","author":"Kodama","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-019-0984-1","article-title":"Alcohol and hypertension-new insights and lingering controversies","volume":"21","author":"Puddey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-008-0017-z","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and heart failure: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Djouss\u00e9","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Atheroscler Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431x20187809","article-title":"Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy: the liver affects the heart","volume":"52","author":"Carvalho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib63","first-page":"68","article-title":"Alcohol, cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death","volume":"216","author":"Kupari","year":"1998","journal-title":"Novartis Found Symp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12057","article-title":"Acute coronary events during alcohol withdrawal","volume":"108","author":"Rodrigo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-5-369","article-title":"Acute coronary ischemia during alcohol withdrawal: a case report","volume":"5","author":"Rodrigo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib66","series-title":"Alcoholic cardiomyopathy","author":"Shaaban","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v6.i8.771","article-title":"Alcoholic cardiomyopathy","volume":"6","author":"Guzzo-Merello","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyr145","article-title":"Premature cardiovascular mortality and alcohol consumption before death in Arkhangelsk, Russia: an analysis of a consecutive series of forensic autopsies","volume":"40","author":"Sidorenkov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/S0248-8663(05)80064-5","article-title":"Dilated cardiomyopathies in severe cardiac failure in chronic alcoholics: clinical course after complete withdrawal [in French]","volume":"14","author":"Renault","year":"1993","journal-title":"Rev Med Interne"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1770","article-title":"Management of acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome in critically ill patients","volume":"36","author":"Dixit","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199607043350101","article-title":"The effects of supraphysiologic doses of testosterone on muscle size and strength in normal men","volume":"335","author":"Bhasin","year":"1996","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/bjp.2008.165","article-title":"Pharmacology of anabolic steroids","volume":"154","author":"Kicman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2014.01.009","article-title":"The global epidemiology of anabolic-androgenic steroid use: a meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis","volume":"24","author":"Sagoe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60801-6","article-title":"Use of doping agents, particularly anabolic steroids, in sports and society","volume":"371","author":"Sj\u00f6qvist","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1159\/000505978","article-title":"Anabolic-androgenic steroid use and body image in men: a growing concern for clinicians","volume":"89","author":"Kanayama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2005.06.005","article-title":"Adverse effects of anabolic steroids in athletes: a constant threat","volume":"158","author":"Maravelias","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.05.013","article-title":"Cardiac and metabolic effects of anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse on lipids, blood pressure, left ventricular dimensions, and rhythm","volume":"106","author":"Achar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.026945","article-title":"Cardiovascular toxicity of illicit anabolic-androgenic steroid use","volume":"135","author":"Baggish","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2003.025783","article-title":"Cardiac effects of anabolic steroids","volume":"90","author":"Payne","year":"2004","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.109.931063","article-title":"Long-term anabolic-androgenic steroid use is associated with left ventricular dysfunction","volume":"3","author":"Baggish","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.10.026","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of androgenic anabolic steroids in male bodybuilders determined by tissue Doppler imaging","volume":"97","author":"Nottin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327109104821","article-title":"Doping and effects of anabolic androgenic steroids on the heart: histological, ultrastructural, and echocardiographic assessment in strength athletes","volume":"28","author":"Hassan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum Exp Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.3.336","article-title":"The athlete\u2019s heart. A meta-analysis of cardiac structure and function","volume":"101","author":"Pluim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib84","article-title":"Nandrolone plus moderate exercise increases the susceptibility to lethal arrhythmias","volume":"4","author":"Ghorbani Baravati","year":"2015","journal-title":"Res Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2010.04.014","article-title":"Chronic treatment with anabolic steroids induces ventricular repolarization disturbances: cellular, ionic and molecular mechanism","volume":"49","author":"Medei","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000000407","article-title":"Anabolic-androgenic steroids and cardiovascular risk","volume":"132","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.2165\/11598060-000000000-00000","article-title":"Anabolic steroids and cardiovascular risk","volume":"42","author":"Angell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-79088-4_18","article-title":"Androgenic anabolic steroid abuse and the cardiovascular system","volume":"195","author":"Vanberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Handb Exp Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2019.02.006","article-title":"Diminished cholesterol efflux mediated by HDL and coronary artery disease in young male anabolic androgenic steroid users","volume":"283","author":"Souza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03420080085036","article-title":"Contrasting effects of testosterone and stanozolol on serum lipoprotein levels","volume":"261","author":"Thompson","year":"1989","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2003.000199","article-title":"Effects of androgenic-anabolic steroids on apolipoproteins and lipoprotein (a)","volume":"38","author":"Hartgens","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001546","article-title":"Increased blood pressure and aortic stiffness among abusers of anabolic androgenic steroids: potential effect of suppressed natriuretic peptides in plasma?","volume":"36","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-020-09616-y","article-title":"How the love of muscle can break a heart: impact of anabolic androgenic steroids on skeletal muscle hypertrophy, metabolic and cardiovascular health","volume":"22","author":"McCullough","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-019-0343-1","article-title":"Treatments for people who use anabolic androgenic steroids: a scoping review","volume":"16","author":"Bates","year":"2019","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.02.002","article-title":"Anabolic steroid-induced hypogonadism: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"101","author":"Rahnema","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125312457586","article-title":"Cannabis, a complex plant: different compounds and different effects on individuals","volume":"2","author":"Atakan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ther Adv Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib97","first-page":"14","article-title":"Pharmacology of cannabinoids","volume":"25","author":"Grotenhermen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuro Endocrinol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7258(97)82001-3","article-title":"Pharmacology of cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors","volume":"74","author":"Pertwee","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2012.03.002","article-title":"At the heart of the matter: the endocannabinoid system in cardiovascular function and dysfunction","volume":"33","author":"Montecucco","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.07.028","article-title":"An introduction to the endogenous cannabinoid system","volume":"79","author":"Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.130","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of marijuana and synthetic cannabinoids: the good, the bad, and the ugly","volume":"15","author":"Pacher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)36714-X","article-title":"Cannabinoid-induced hypotension and bradycardia in rats mediated by CB1-like cannabinoid receptors","volume":"281","author":"Lake","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2012.02042.x","article-title":"Targeting cannabinoid receptor CB2 in cardiovascular disorders: promises and controversies","volume":"167","author":"Steffens","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-89-4-448","article-title":"Effects of smoking marihuana on left ventricular performance and plasma norepinephrine","volume":"89","author":"Gash","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s40119-017-0102-x","article-title":"Cardiovascular complications of marijuana and related substances: a review","volume":"7","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2010.318","article-title":"Subjective and physiological effects after controlled Sativex and oral THC administration","volume":"89","author":"Karschner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3362.2011.00327.x","article-title":"Marijuana-induced recurrent acute coronary syndrome with normal coronary angiograms","volume":"31","author":"Safaa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2004.10.038","article-title":"Cannabis as a precipitant of cardiovascular emergencies","volume":"104","author":"Lindsay","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1377","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.202392","article-title":"Recent cannabis use and myocardial infarction in young adults: a cross-sectional study","volume":"193","author":"Ladha","year":"2021","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2018.11.004","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of marijuana","volume":"29","author":"Rezkalla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.3109\/09537104.2011.601824","article-title":"Cannabis and coronary thrombosis: what is the role of platelets?","volume":"23","author":"Dahdouh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Platelets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000131505.03006.74","article-title":"The procoagulatory effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in human platelets","volume":"99","author":"Deusch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2014-207020","article-title":"Myocardial infarction following cannabis induced coronary vasospasm","volume":"2014","author":"Gunawardena","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(77)80215-9","article-title":"The electrophysiological effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (cannabis) on cardiac conduction in man","volume":"94","author":"Miller","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1007\/s002460010063","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation associated with marijuana use","volume":"21","author":"Singh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(00)00459-9","article-title":"Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation following marijuana intoxication: a two-case report of possible association","volume":"78","author":"Kosior","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198103000-00035","article-title":"Marijuana and second-degree AV block","volume":"74","author":"Akins","year":"1981","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-1626-1-373","article-title":"Ventricular fibrillation triggered by marijuana use in a patient with ischemic cardiomyopathy: a case report","volume":"1","author":"Baranchuk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cases J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2007.01505.x","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation and marijuana smoking","volume":"62","author":"Korantzopoulos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e556","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.059329","article-title":"Recurrent stress cardiomyopathy with variable regional involvement","volume":"124","author":"Kaushik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib121","first-page":"115","article-title":"Mid-ventricular variant Takotsubo cardiomyopathy associated with cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: a case report","volume":"73","author":"Nogi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hawaii J Med Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.4103\/IJCIIS.IJCIIS_25_20","article-title":"Cannabis-induced basal-mid-left ventricular stress cardiomyopathy: a case report","volume":"10","author":"Meera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2020.102698","article-title":"Evaluating the impacts of cannabis legalization: the International Cannabis Policy Study","volume":"77","author":"Hammond","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2021.05.023","article-title":"Drugs of abuse and heart failure","volume":"27","author":"Grubb","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Card Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.53.4.703","article-title":"The effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (cannabis) on cardiac performance with and without beta blockade","volume":"53","author":"Kanakis","year":"1976","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib126","series-title":"Global Report on Trends in Prevalence of Tobacco Use 2000-2025","author":"WHO. WHO","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib127","first-page":"19","article-title":"Tobacco use worldwide: legislative efforts to curb consumption","volume":"85","author":"Perez-Warnisher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gheart.2012.05.003","article-title":"Pathophysiological mechanisms of tobacco-related CVD","volume":"7","author":"Salahuddin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Glob Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H639","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00595.2018","article-title":"Tobacco smoking induces cardiovascular mitochondrial oxidative stress, promotes endothelial dysfunction, and enhances hypertension","volume":"316","author":"Dikalov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264894","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/264894","article-title":"Does smoking act as a friend or enemy of blood pressure? Let release Pandora\u2019s Box","volume":"2011","author":"Leone","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cardiol Res Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00316-2","article-title":"Relation of active, passive, and quitting smoking with incident type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Pan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2017.02.004","article-title":"Smoking and the risk of type 2 diabetes","volume":"184","author":"Maddatu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib133","first-page":"1175","article-title":"Increased expression of proatherogenic proteins in immune cell subtypes in tobacco cigarette smokers but not in electronic cigarette vapers","volume":"37","author":"Kelesidis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e160","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0020160","article-title":"Smoking cessation and cardiovascular disease risk factors: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"2","author":"Bakhru","year":"2005","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2005.087171","article-title":"Cigarette smoking induces atrial fibrosis in humans via nicotine","volume":"93","author":"Goette","year":"2007","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.018859","article-title":"Smoking and risk of ischemic stroke in young men","volume":"49","author":"Markidan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-19-0323","article-title":"Effects of tobacco smoking on cardiovascular disease","volume":"83","author":"Kondo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGENETICS.115.001225","article-title":"Effect of smoking on blood pressure and resting heart rate: a Mendelian randomization meta-analysis in the CARTA Consortium","volume":"8","author":"Linneberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.6.528","article-title":"Cigarette smoking increases sympathetic outflow in humans","volume":"98","author":"Narkiewicz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61720-6","article-title":"The 21st century hazards of smoking and benefits of stopping: a prospective study of one million women in the UK","volume":"381","author":"Pirie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487318780435","article-title":"Tobacco smoking and the risk of atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies","volume":"25","author":"Aune","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487318806658","article-title":"Tobacco smoking and the risk of heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies","volume":"26","author":"Aune","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-668X(03)00003-4","article-title":"Bupropion SR for smoking cessation in smokers with cardiovascular disease: a multicentre, randomised study","volume":"24","author":"Tonstad","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2015.10.023","article-title":"The 2016 International Society for Heart Lung Transplantation listing criteria for heart transplantation: a 10-year update","volume":"35","author":"Mehra","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib145","first-page":"335","article-title":"Canadian Cardiovascular Society\/Canadian Cardiac Transplant Network position statement on heart transplantation: patient eligibility, selection, and post-transplantation care","volume":"36","author":"Chih","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008_bib146","first-page":"317","article-title":"Usefulness of left ventricular assist device in the recovery of severe amphetamine-associated dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"36","author":"Soucy-Gigu\u00e8re","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0828282X21008096?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0828282X21008096?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:48:51Z","timestamp":1760107731000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0828282X21008096"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"references-count":144,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0828282X21008096"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0828-282X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0828-282X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cardiac Complications of Common Drugs of Abuse: Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Management","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Canadian Journal of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.10.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Canadian Cardiovascular Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}