{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T10:12:00Z","timestamp":1750241520367,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","onlinecjc.ca","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Canadian Journal of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T18:02:25Z","timestamp":1734372145000},"page":"398-411","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["How Does the Dose and Type of Exercise Impact Acute Cardiovascular Function in Healthy Individuals?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Robert F.","family":"Bentley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nino","family":"Nikolovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jack M.","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S364","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200106001-00005","article-title":"Type of activity: resistance, aerobic and leisure versus occupational physical activity","volume":"33","author":"Howley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00035.2013","article-title":"Regulation of increased blood flow (hyperemia) to muscles during exercise: a hierarchy of competing physiological needs","volume":"95","author":"Joyner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-201X.1998.0293e.x","article-title":"Skeletal muscle blood flow in humans and its regulation during exercise","volume":"162","author":"Saltin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.059287","article-title":"Maximal muscular vascular conductances during whole body upright exercise in humans","volume":"558","author":"Calbet","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001939","article-title":"Physical activity, all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and cardiovascular disease","volume":"51","author":"Kraus","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0033-0620(76)90018-9","article-title":"Cardiovascular adjustments to exercise: hemodynamics and mechanisms","volume":"19","author":"Vatner","year":"1976","journal-title":"Progr Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2018.00135","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects and benefits of exercise","volume":"5","author":"Nystoriak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.305205","article-title":"Exercise and the cardiovascular system: clinical science and cardiovascular outcomes","volume":"117","author":"Lavie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2011.058800","article-title":"Pulmonary system limitations to endurance exercise performance in humans","volume":"97","author":"Amann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"year":"2017","author":"Ligouri","series-title":"ACSM\u2019s Exercise Testing and Prescription","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib10"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib11","first-page":"235","article-title":"People who perceive themselves as active cannot identify the intensity recommended by the International Physical Activity Guidelines","volume":"5","author":"Prokop","year":"2014","journal-title":"Open Access J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-020-01322-8","article-title":"An examination and critique of current methods to determine exercise intensity","volume":"50","author":"Jamnick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib13","series-title":"Physiological Testing of Elite Athletes","first-page":"403","article-title":"Modeling elite athletic performance","author":"Banister","year":"1991"},{"issue":"1985","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01395.2005","article-title":"Point: in health and in a normoxic environment, VO2 max is limited primarily by cardiac output and locomotor muscle blood flow","volume":"100","author":"Saltin","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200535040-00002","article-title":"The science of cycling: physiology and training---part 1","volume":"35","author":"Faria","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icx069","article-title":"Physiological and biomechanical mechanisms of distance specific human running performance","volume":"57","author":"Thompson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Integr Comp Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.2114\/ahs1983.11.269","article-title":"Swimming physiology","volume":"11","author":"Holmer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Physiol Anthropol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-198401040-00005","article-title":"Applied physiology of rowing","volume":"1","author":"Hagerman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.2478\/hukin-2014-0129","article-title":"The properties of water and their applications for training","volume":"44","author":"Torres-Ronda","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hum Kinet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-010-1646-9","article-title":"Gravity, the hydrostatic indifference concept and the cardiovascular system","volume":"111","author":"Hinghofer-Szalkay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"year":"1993","author":"Rowell","series-title":"Human Cardiovascular Control","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib21"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib22","series-title":"Rowing Faster","article-title":"Biomechanics of rowing","author":"Kleshnev","year":"2011"},{"issue":"suppl 4","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12604","article-title":"Central and peripheral hemodynamics in exercising humans: leg vs arm exercise","volume":"25","author":"Calbet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1448","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00824.2004","article-title":"Why do arms extract less oxygen than legs during exercise?","volume":"289","author":"Calbet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s40101-015-0075-1","article-title":"Mechanical compression during repeated sustained isometric muscle contractions and hyperemic recovery in healthy young males","volume":"34","author":"Osada","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol Anthropol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-023-05339-5","article-title":"Sex differences in muscle contraction-induced limb blood flow limitations","volume":"124","author":"Hammer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib27","article-title":"Effects of high-intensity interval exercise on cardiac troponin elevation when comparing with moderate-intensity continuous exercise: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Peer J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.034655","article-title":"Elevation of cardiac troponins after endurance running competitions","volume":"139","author":"Lara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.041874","article-title":"Effect of exercise intensity and duration on cardiac troponin release","volume":"141","author":"Marshall","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.23337","article-title":"Exercise-induced release of troponin","volume":"43","author":"Stavroulakis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-351X(87)80064-2","article-title":"Physical stress and catecholamine release","volume":"1","author":"Kjaer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib32","article-title":"Exercise-dependent modulation of immunological response pathways in endurance athletes with and without atrial fibrillation","volume":"13","author":"Dorian","year":"2024","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31821b12eb","article-title":"72-h kinetics of high-sensitive troponin T and inflammatory markers after marathon","volume":"43","author":"Scherr","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.116.4.868","article-title":"Mechanism of overshoot in cardiac function during recovery from submaximal exercise in man","volume":"116","author":"Kano","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1741","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2001.280.6.R1741","article-title":"Blood flow and muscle oxygen uptake at the onset and end of moderate and heavy dynamic forearm exercise","volume":"280","author":"Van Beekvelt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib36","first-page":"88","article-title":"Cardiovascular drift during prolonged exercise: new perspectives","volume":"29","author":"Coyle","year":"2001","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200111000-00008","article-title":"Stroke volume does not plateau during graded exercise in elite male distance runners","volume":"33","author":"Zhou","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.086025","article-title":"Limitations to systemic and locomotor limb muscle oxygen delivery and uptake during maximal exercise in humans","volume":"566","author":"Mortensen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.68.1.59","article-title":"Dynamics of left ventricular filling at rest and during exercise","volume":"68","author":"Carroll","year":"1983","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1964.19.3.457","article-title":"Hemodynamic response of normal men to graded treadmill exercise","volume":"19","author":"Tabakin","year":"1964","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960070511","article-title":"Comparison of exercise blood pressure measured by technician and an automated system","volume":"7","author":"Garcia-Gregory","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1998.907ba.x","article-title":"Mesenteric, coeliac and splanchnic blood flow in humans during exercise","volume":"513","author":"Perko","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.152058","article-title":"Haemodynamic responses to exercise, ATP infusion and thigh compression in humans: insight into the role of muscle mechanisms on cardiovascular function","volume":"586","author":"Gonzalez-Alonso","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1968.24.4.518","article-title":"Effect of training on circulatory response to exercise","volume":"24","author":"Ekblom","year":"1968","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-018-0900-x","article-title":"Exercise blood pressure guidelines: time to re-evaluate what is normal and exaggerated?","volume":"48","author":"Currie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"2001","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s10396-018-0888-8","article-title":"Changes in cardiac contractility during graded exercise are greater in subjects with smaller body mass index, and greater in men than women: analyses using wave intensity and force-frequency relations","volume":"46","author":"Tanaka","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Ultrason"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(89)90187-3","article-title":"Effect of long-term high intensity aerobic training on left ventricular volume during maximal upright exercise","volume":"14","author":"Ginzton","year":"1989","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1113\/eph8702372","article-title":"Myocardial response to incremental exercise in endurance-trained athletes: influence of heart rate, contractility and the Frank-Starling effect","volume":"87","author":"Warburton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-015-0786-8","article-title":"Left atrial strain after maximal exercise in competitive waterpolo players","volume":"32","author":"Santoro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2006.05.001","article-title":"Myocardial adaptation to short-term high-intensity exercise in highly trained athletes","volume":"19","author":"Neilan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-955897","article-title":"The effect of high-intensity rowing and combined strength and endurance training on left ventricular systolic function and morphology","volume":"28","author":"duManoir","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1985","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00258.2004","article-title":"Left ventricular adaptations following short-term endurance training","volume":"98","author":"Goodman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1021269","article-title":"Depressed systolic and diastolic cardiac function after prolonged aerobic exercise in healthy subjects","volume":"13","author":"Ketelhut","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H875","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00917.2014","article-title":"Altered ventricular mechanics after 60 min of high-intensity endurance exercise: insights from exercise speckle-tracking echocardiography","volume":"308","author":"Stewart","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8239","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-12375-2","article-title":"Acute effects of high intensity training on cardiac function: a pilot study comparing subjects with type 2 diabetes to healthy controls","volume":"12","author":"Ness","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.12.003","article-title":"Exercise-induced cardiac fatigue after a 45-minute bout of high-intensity running exercise is not altered under hypoxia","volume":"34","author":"Kleinnibbelink","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.581797","article-title":"Alterations in cardiac function following endurance exercise are not duration dependent","volume":"11","author":"Coates","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"1985","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00898.2009","article-title":"Impaired left and right ventricular function following prolonged exercise in young athletes: influence of exercise intensity and responses to dobutamine stress","volume":"108","author":"Banks","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.13439","article-title":"Two-dimensional strain echocardiography technology for evaluation of myocardial strain in swimming athletes after high-intensity exercise","volume":"34","author":"Liang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1762","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00809.2020","article-title":"Exercise alters cardiac function independent of acute systemic inflammation in healthy men","volume":"320","author":"Coates","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib59","first-page":"688","article-title":"Impact of high-intensity endurance exercise on regional left and right ventricular myocardial mechanics","volume":"18","author":"Stewart","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"1985","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.90506.2008","article-title":"Left ventricular contractile function is preserved during prolonged exercise in middle-aged men","volume":"106","author":"Goodman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"1985","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01242.2010","article-title":"Cardiac function following prolonged exercise: influence of age","volume":"110","author":"Banks","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib62","first-page":"61","article-title":"Exercise induced cardiac fatigue following prolonged exercise in road cyclists","volume":"6","author":"Wyatt","year":"2011","journal-title":"ICHPER-SD J Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000282","article-title":"Right ventricular fatigue developing during endurance exercise: an exercise cardiac magnetic resonance study","volume":"46","author":"Claessen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H326","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00413.2018","article-title":"Pulmonary hemodynamic and right ventricular responses to brief and prolonged exercise in middle-aged endurance athletes","volume":"316","author":"Buchan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi813","article-title":"Persistent and reversible cardiac dysfunction among amateur marathon runners","volume":"27","author":"Neilan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"1985","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.90837.2008","article-title":"Changes in vascular and cardiac function after prolonged strenuous exercise in humans","volume":"105","author":"Dawson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"1985","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01151.2009","article-title":"Acute cardiac effects of marathon running","volume":"108","author":"Trivax","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-009-1264-6","article-title":"Evidence of increased electro-mechanical delay in the left and right ventricle after prolonged exercise","volume":"108","author":"Chan-Dewar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1025642","article-title":"Impaired left ventricular diastolic function in athletes after utterly strenuous prolonged exercise","volume":"8","author":"Niemela","year":"1987","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-019-04085-x","article-title":"Cardiac performance after an endurance open water swimming race","volume":"119","author":"Martinez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.76.6.1206","article-title":"Cardiac fatigue after prolonged exercise","volume":"76","author":"Douglas","year":"1987","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200006000-00005","article-title":"Cardiac fatigue following prolonged endurance exercise of differing distances","volume":"32","author":"Whyte","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00450.2013","article-title":"Effects of acute exercise on \ufb02ow-mediated dilatation in healthy humans","volume":"115","author":"Dawson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.2170\/jjphysiol.53.239","article-title":"The effects of low-intensity single-leg exercise on regional arterial stiffness","volume":"53","author":"Sugawara","year":"2003","journal-title":"Jpn J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-014-3084-6","article-title":"Acute effect of high-intensity cycling exercise on carotid artery hemodynamic pulsatility","volume":"115","author":"Babcock","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-008-0964-7","article-title":"Effect of acute sprint interval exercise on central and peripheral artery distensibility in young healthy males","volume":"105","author":"Rakobowchuk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1113\/EP086677","article-title":"Brachial artery endothelial function is unchanged after acute sprint interval exercise in sedentary men and women","volume":"103","author":"Shenouda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-024-00806-8","article-title":"Acute effects of resistance-type and cycling-type high-intensity interval training on arterial stiffness, cardiac autonomic modulation and cardiac biomarkers","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"1985","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00772.2021","article-title":"The acute effect of exercise intensity on peripheral and cerebral vascular function in healthy adults","volume":"133","author":"Weston","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12861","article-title":"Effects of acute and chronic interval sprint exercise performed on a manually propelled treadmill on upper limb vascular mechanics in healthy young men","volume":"4","author":"Olver","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1113\/EP086999","article-title":"Mechanisms of blood pressure control following acute exercise in adolescents: effects of exercise intensity on haemodynamics and baroreflex sensitivity","volume":"103","author":"Oliveira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-7120-10-39","article-title":"Impact of acute exercise on brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation in young healthy people","volume":"10","author":"Hwang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/37\/4\/544","article-title":"Acute and chronic effects on central hemodynamics and arterial stiffness in professional rowers","volume":"37","author":"Franzen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol Meas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9027560","article-title":"Acute effects of different intensities of cycling acute exercise on carotid arterial apparent elasticity and hemodynamic variables","volume":"2020","author":"Shen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib85","first-page":"H2186","article-title":"Arterial compliance increases after moderate-intensity cycling","volume":"273","author":"Kingwell","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-017-3724-8","article-title":"Do acute effects of exercise on vascular function predict adaptation to training?","volume":"118","author":"Dawson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.12530","article-title":"Acute effects of submaximal endurance training on arterial stiffness in healthy middle- and long-distance runners","volume":"17","author":"Muller","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002493","article-title":"Vascular function is differentially altered by distance after prolonged running","volume":"53","author":"King","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1111\/cpf.12717","article-title":"Acute increase in arterial stiffness after swimming in cooler water","volume":"41","author":"Hayashi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Physiol Funct Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-017-3790-y","article-title":"Acute exhaustive rowing exercise reduces skin microvascular dilator function in young adult rowing athletes","volume":"118","author":"Stupin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000023144","article-title":"Sport disciplines and cardiac remodeling in elite university athletes competing in 2017 Taipei Summer Universiade","volume":"99","author":"Adea","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.01.072","article-title":"Exercise intolerance in patients with heart failure: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"73","author":"Del","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2016.01.019","article-title":"The acute risks of exercise in apparently healthy adults and relevance for prevention of cardiovascular events","volume":"32","author":"Goodman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016_bib94","first-page":"BE01","article-title":"Role of biological sex in normal cardiac function and in its disease outcome---a review","volume":"8","author":"Prabhavathi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Diagn Res"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0828282X24012613?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0828282X24012613?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]],"date-time":"2025-04-26T14:12:50Z","timestamp":1745676770000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0828282X24012613"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0828282X24012613"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0828-282X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0828-282X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"How Does the Dose and Type of Exercise Impact Acute Cardiovascular Function in Healthy Individuals?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Canadian Journal of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Canadian Cardiovascular Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}